Information on the doctoral dissertation of PhD candidate Bui Thi Trang: Factors affecting the participation of ethnic minority women in tourism development in Son La.

Thursday - 07/05/2026 23:04

1. Full name of the doctoral candidate:Bui Thi Trang2. Gender: Female

3. Date of birth:06/10/1992 4. Place of birth:My Duc, Hanoi

5. Decision to admit doctoral students:Decision No.Decision No. 4055/2022/QD-XHNV dated December 28, 2022of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities – Vietnam National University, Hanoi.

6. Changes in the training process: Adjustment of the doctoral dissertation title,According to Decision No. 3934/QD-XHNV dated August 6, 2024, the University of Social Sciences and Humanities.

7. Thesis title:TheFactors affecting the participation of ethnic minority women in tourism development in Son La.

8. Major: Tourism 9. Code:9.81.01.01.01

10. Scientific supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. VuDr. Dung, Associate Professor.Tran Duc Thanh

11. Summary of the new findings of the thesis

- Research objective: To study the factors affecting the participation of ethnic minority women in tourism development in Son La. From this, to propose policy implications to promote and enhance the (active) participation of ethnic minority women in tourism development in Son La.

- Research objectives:

+Systematizing theoretical issues regarding the participation of the community in general, and ethnic minority women workers in particular, in tourism activities.

+Systematizing related theories and models to propose a model of factors influencing the participation of ethnic minority women in tourism activities in Son La.

+This study surveys the current state of participation of ethnic minority women in Son La province in general, and the factors influencing their participation in tourism activities in particular.

+Role assessmentgameFactors affecting the participation of ethnic minority women in tourism activities in Son La.

+This study examines the proposed model on factors influencing the participation of ethnic minority women in tourism activities in Son La province, under the influence of current social perceptions of women's roles in the area.

+Propose policy implications to help promote labor participation.movementfemale citizensethnic minorities inSon La's development in tourism contributes to further raising social awareness about the role of women, especially ethnic minority women, fulfilling one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.

ButOpposite to statue research rescue:issues related to labor participationmovementEthnic minority women involved in tourism activities in Son La, especially the roleinfluencing factorsmovementto labor participationethnic minority womeninto tourism activities in Son La.

- Research methods used:

+ Qualitative methods: Secondary data collection method, Literature review method (conducted using two methods), In-depth interview method, Expert method.

+ Quantitative analysis methods: questionnaire surveys, comparative analysis methods.

- Key results and conclusions:

(1) A systematic overview of theinfluencing factorsthe participation of ethnic minority women workers, the rolegame, level, and formParticipate. Provide an overview of the relevant topic, analyze the topic's development trends, and suggest directions for future research.

(2) Building and developing a scale of factors affecting the participation of ethnic minority women in tourism development, expressed in their exogenous and endogenous factors through MAO components (Motivation - Ability - Opportunity)

Regarding sample size: NCS used the sample size determination formula of Hair et al. (2006) with the number of questionnaires to be surveyed being 4.80ticket.

(3) Verify the factors affecting the participation of ethnic minority women in tourism development.

Motivation (Perception of positive impact)pole ofTourism to the economy: Understanding its positive impact.pole oftourism to culture and society,Perceiving positive impactspole oftravel toenvironment)

Competence (Knowledge)Knowledge, Skills, Attitude)

Opportunity (Legal policies, Market trends,Tourism resources)

(4) Testing the regulatory role of social perceptions of the role of ethnic minority women in the relationship between9The MAO framework includes factors related to the participation of ethnic minority women in tourism development. This finding suggests that the participation of ethnic minority women is the result of a complex interaction between individual factors and social context, rather than solely dependent on economic conditions or individual capabilities.

NCS built and developed a theoretical model with 18This hypothesis aims to analyze and test the factors affecting the participation of ethnic minority women in tourism development in Son La and the moderating role of community perceptions on the role of women. Results are derived from surveys conducted at tourist destinations in Son La, specifically Ban Luot, Ban Nam Nghiep, and Ban Na Tau.(Ngoc Chien commune);Hua It Village (Muong La commune),The Decree (Dong Sang commune); Miscellaneous, Bản Lườn (Muong Sang commune);The Ta So (Chieng Hac commune); Hua Tat Village, Suoi Lin village(Van Ho commune) and the old Son La cityshows there is 06The hypothesis was rejected and 08The hypothesis was accepted.

12. Directions for further research

Further research could be expanded in several main directions. Firstly, broadening the research scope to areas with similar conditions, such as the Northern Midlands and mountainous regions, to validate and improve the model's generalizability. Secondly, delving deeper into the role of tourism participation in empowering and empowering ethnic minority women, as well as their participation in the tourism value chain. Thirdly, focusing on clarifying cultural factors such as ethnic identity and social norms, and the differences between ethnic minority groups in tourism participation. Fourthly, developing a more systematic mixed-methods approach, where qualitative methods are implemented as an independent component to deeply analyze cultural factors, social norms, and differences between ethnic minority groups. Additionally, the research model could be expanded by incorporating cultural or ethnic factors as moderating variables to directly test their roles.factors associated withcultural context. Finally, in the context of digital transformation, studies could examine the role of technology and new livelihood opportunities in tourism for ethnic minority women workers in Vietnam.

13. Published works related to the dissertation

Bui Thi Trang, Tran Duc Thanh (2023), “The role of ethnic minority women workers in the development of smart tourism in Hoa Binh.,Conditions and procedures for building smart tourism destinations in Vietnam.,tr.423-433.

Bui Thi Trang, Lai Xuan Thuy, Phan Thi Minh Ly (2024), “The impact of women's empowerment in tourism development through women's participation,Transformative Trends Shaping the Future of Sustainable Tourism, pp.85-93.

Pham Thi Nhan, Lai Xuan Thuy, BuiThi Trang (2024), “Propositions of factors affecting sustainable tourism development,Proceedings of the international conference sustainable tourism development: Identity, resources - international experiences and solutions for Vietnam (Book 1), pp.1-35.

Lai Xuan Thuy, Pham Thi Nhan, BuiThi Trang (2024), “Participation of ethnic minority women in Community-based tourism in the northern Midland and mountainous region,The 2nd International Conference on Economics 2024, pp.1231-1241.

BuiThi Trang (2024), “Developing a theoretical framework for criteria for collecting, analyzing, and evaluating tourism resources as a basis for analyzing and evaluating tourism resources in An Giang province.,ConstructionBuilding and developing a model of a cultural village of four ethnic groups (Kinh, Hoa, Cham, Khmer) to serve tourism in An Giang: Practices and solutions., tr. 232-248.

BuiThi Trang, Tran Duc Thanh(2025), “The participation of women in the development of Halal-friendly tourism in Vietnam,Proceedings Internationalal Conference. Prospects for Tourism Development Associated with Halal in Hanoi City, pp.870-880.

Bui Thi Trang (2025), “Ethnic minority women's participation in halal-friendly tourism: A case study in Son La province,Proceedings International Conference. Prospects for Tourism Development Associated with Halal in Hanoi City,pp.881-889.

BuiThi Trang, Tran Duc Thanh(2025), “Ethnic Minority Women's Empowerment and Participation in Sustainable Tourism Development: A Case Study in Son La Province,Emerging Trends in Tourism Pathways to a Sustainable Future, pp. 1146–1155.

BuiThi Trang, Tran Duc Thanh(2025), “Ethnic minority women in tourism development:ACase study in Son La province,The 3^rdPhenikaa University'SBusiness and Economics Conference:Managing operations and supply chain in the new era, pp. 828-837.

INFORMATION ON DOCTORAL THESIS

1. Full name:Bui Thi Trang

2. Sex:Female

3.Date of birth:October 6 1992

4. Place of birth:My Duc, Hanoi

5. Admission decisionnumber:4055/2022/QD-XHNV, dated 28 December 2022 by the University of Social Sciences and Humanities – Vietnam National University, Hanoi.

6. Changes inacademic process:Pursuant to Decision No. 3934/QD-XHNV, dated 06 August 2024, the University of Social Sciences and Humanities approved the adjustment of my doctoral thesis title

7. Official thesis title:Factors Influencing the Participation of Ethnic Minority Women Workers in Tourism Development in Son La

8. Major:Tourism

9. Code:9.81.01.01.01

10. Supervisors:Assoc. Prof.Dr.VuMr. Dung,

Assoc. Prof.Dr.TranDuc Thanh

11. Summary of the new findings of the thesis

- Research Objective:

To study the factors affecting the participation of ethnic minority women in tourism development in Son La. From this, to propose policy implications to promote and enhance the (active) participation of ethnic minority women in tourism development in Son La.

- Research Tasks:

+ Systematize theoretical issues regarding community participation in general, and ethnic minority women in particular, in tourism activities.

+ Systematize related theories and models to propose a model of factors affecting the participation of ethnic minority women in Son La in tourism activities.

+ Survey the current state of participation of ethnic minority women in Son La in general, and the factors affecting their participation in tourism activities.

+ Evaluate the role of factors affecting the participation of ethnic minority women in Son La in tourism activities.

+ To test the proposed model on factors affecting the participation of ethnic minority women in Son La in tourism activities under the influence of current social perceptions of women's roles in the area.

+ To propose policy implications to contribute to promoting the participation of ethnic minority women in Son La in tourism activities and further enhance social awareness of women's roles, especially ethnic minority women, in line with one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.

- Research subject: issues related to the participation of ethnic minority women in tourism activities in Son La, especially the role of factors affecting the participation of ethnic minority women in tourism activities in Son La.

- Research methods used:

+ Qualitative methods: Secondary data collection method, literature review method performed using two methods, In-depth interview method, expert method

+ Quantitative analysis methods: Questionnaire survey, comparative analysis method

- Main results and conclusions

(1) A systematic overview of factors affecting the participation of ethnic minority women, their roles, levels and forms of participation. Providing a comprehensive overview of the relevant topic, analyzes the development trends of the topic and proposes directions for future research.

(2) Construct and develop a scale of factors affecting the participation of ethnic minority women in tourism development, expressed in their exogenous and endogenous factors through MAO components (Motivation – Ability – Opportunity). Regarding sample size: I used the sample determination formula of Hair et al. (2006) with the number of questionnaires to be surveyed being 480.

(3) Verify the factors affecting the participation of ethnic minority women in tourism development.

Motivation (Awareness of the positive impact of tourism on the economy, culture and society, environment)

Competence (Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes)

Opportunities (Legal policies, Market trends, Tourism resources)

After conducting a preliminary survey and scale validation, it was found that all variables had total variable correlation coefficients less than 0.3 and factor loading coefficients less than 0.6, thus qualifying them for inclusion in the formal survey.

48 observed variables were included in the formal survey. Regarding sample size: I used the sample size determination formula of Hair et al. (2006) with the number of questionnaires to be surveyed being 480.

(4) Testing the moderating role of social perception of ethnic minority women's role in the relationship between 9 factors of the MAO framework and the participation of ethnic minority women in tourism development. This finding shows that the participation of ethnic minority women is the result of a complex interaction between individual factors and social context, rather than depending only on economic conditions or individual capabilities.

The researcher built and developed a theoretical model with 18 hypotheses to analyze and test the factors affecting the participation of ethnic minority women in tourism development in Son La and the moderating role of social perception of ethnic minority women's role. Results from surveys at tourist destinations in Son La, specifically Ban Luot, Ban Nam Nghiep, Ban Na Tau (Ngoc Chien commune); Ban Hua It (Muong La commune), Ban Ang (Dong Sang commune); Ban Vat, Ban Luon (Muong Sang commune); Ban Ta So (Chieng Hac commune); Ban Hua Tat, Ban Suoi Lin (Van Ho commune) and the former Son La city, show that 6 hypotheses were rejected and 8 hypotheses were accepted.

12. Further research directions

Future studies may be extended in several key directions. First, the scope of research could be expanded to regions with similar socio-economic and cultural conditions, such as the Northern Midlands and Mountainous areas of Vietnam, in order to validate and enhance the generalizability of the proposed model. Second, further studies may provide a more in-depth examination of the role of tourism participation in enhancing the empowerment and social status of ethnic minority women workers, as well as their participation in the tourism value chain. Third, future research should focus on clarifying the influence of cultural factors, including ethnic identity and social norms, as well as differences among ethnic minority groups in tourism participation. Fourth, future studies are encouraged to adopt a more systematic mixed-methods approach, in which qualitative research is implemented as an independent component to provide deeper insights into cultural factors, social norms, and variations among ethnic minority groups. In addition, the research model could be extended by incorporating cultural or ethnic factors as moderating variables in order to directly examine the role of context-specific cultural influences. Finally, in the context of digital transformation, future research may explore the role of technology and emerging tourism-related livelihood opportunities for ethnic minority women workers in Vietnam.

13. Thesis-related publications

Bui Thi Trang, Tran Duc Thanh (2023), “The role of ethnic minority women workers in the development of smart tourism in Hoa Binh”,Conditions and procedures for building smart tourism destinations in Vietnam, pp. 423-433.