Human values ​​and human issues in President Ho Chi Minh's Testament

1. Independence for the nation, freedom for the people

One of the overarching contents, clearly expressed in the textTestamentis President Ho Chi Minh's thought on people and human values. Ho Chi Minh's humanism was formed early, and was a constant factor throughout his rich revolutionary life. Ho Chi Minh's humanism is expressed first and foremost in the aspiration and will to fight forliberate people, liberate the class, regain independence and freedom for the Vietnamese peopleat the same time contributing to the liberation struggle of oppressed peoples around the world.

Throughout thousands of years of history of building and defending the Fatherland, Ho Chi Minh is one of the outstanding figures, the symbol of Vietnamese Humanism. For Ho Chi Minh, human values ​​are expressed through compassion, tolerance, ardent patriotism and absolute loyalty to the mission entrusted by the Fatherland and the people. He devoted his whole life to the cause of fighting for peace, independence of the Vietnamese people and for all dominated and enslaved peoples. Therefore, Ho Chi Minh was not only a patriot but also a staunch internationalist, full of compassion.

Ho Chi Minh's love and respect for people has deep roots in the humane character of his family, clan, homeland and the Vietnamese people. With his revolutionary will and actions, Ho Chi Minh became a symbol of the struggle to assert the position, cultural vitality and will for independence of a nation. His thoughts and activities also made many important contributions to the heroic struggle of nations that love peace, democracy and social progress.

In President Ho Chi Minh's humanistic thought, the concept of "Liberation" is the key point, with central value. The cause of liberation struggle is not only to abolish the chains of slavery but also a process of liberation of the whole society, towards a true freedom and a prosperous and happy life for people. Throughout his life, whenever, wherever, in whatever position, he always placed absolute trust in the people, especially the hard-working people who had to live in poverty, backwardness, illiteracy, and were deprived of freedom and democracy for generations. His thoughts expressed the eternal aspirations of the Vietnamese people and people of oppressed and enslaved countries. General Secretary Nguyen Van Linh once wrote: “President Ho Chi Minh was a great patriot. His patriotism stemmed from his boundless love for oppressed people. It did not stop within the national scope but extended to working people all over the world. He devoted his entire life to the cause of national liberation; at the same time, he contributed to the common struggle of the world's people for peace, national independence and social progress. Therefore, not only the Vietnamese people loved him, but the people of the world also responded to his feelings and considered him a close friend.”[1].

Ho Chi Minh's humanistic thought is not only the crystallized values ​​of Vietnamese cultural traditions, Vietnamese cultural identity and character, but also the fusion of the quintessence of Asian and world cultures. Coming from a backward agricultural country, in a Confucian family, but on his journey to save the country, Ho Chi Minh traveled through many countries, "free lands, slave lands", came into contact with many cultures, learned about many political trends, and studied many different ideologies. Historian and revolutionary Tran Van Giau said: Using merchant ships as a means, the young patriot Nguyen Ai Quoc traveled to both sides of the Atlantic, settling in London and Paris. In the US, he studied Washington and Lincoln; in France, he studied the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, and liked Michelet and Jaurès. Modern Western humanism, despite its limitations, opened up a horizon because of its universality (Universalism) encountered Confucian universalism[2].

During his years abroad, he studied and penetrated French culture, Soviet culture, Chinese new democratic culture, etc., read W.Shakespeare, Ch.Dickens, V.Hugo, A.France, L.Tolstoy, Lu Xun, etc. from the original. With his rich foreign language skills, he translated The Internationale by E.Pottier (France), The Communist Manifesto by K.Marx - F.Engel, The Spirit of the Law by Montesquieu, The Secret Provincial Party Committee by Fedrov (Russia), New Democracy by Sun Yat-sen, etc. into Vietnamese.[3]. Due to his rich knowledge base and broad literary vision, right after returning to the country to prepare for the revolutionary movement in the fall of 1945, many world cultural and humanistic values ​​were introduced and spread to the public. In Ho Chi Minh's legacy, "His poems, essays and speeches reflect a profound understanding of human history and civilization and a faithful belief in the cultural identity of each nation and country, including his own and other nations in the world. Therefore, he is loved, admired and respected all over the world."[4].

For Ho Chi Minh, patriotism is synonymous with love for the people. His love for the people does not come from a superior but from empathy, sympathy and the transmission of sacred, flesh-and-blood values ​​from the two words "fellow countrymen”. Understanding the suffering of the people, the humiliation of a nation that had lost its freedom (which had achieved much glory in the past), he longed to find a new path for the nation. That path not only aimed at the mission of restoring national sovereignty but also wanted to reach new levels and values ​​in the political thinking of the era, bringing independence, freedom and democracy to the people.[5].

In his perception, loving the people meant that the first and foremost thing was to save the people from the shackles of slavery. But to save the country and save the people, one had to rely on the people and mobilize internal resources from within the nation itself. The people (especially farmers, workers, etc.) were the numerous, main, strong, and steadfast force of the revolution.[6]. Relying on the strength of the people and the spirit of solidarity of the entire people, the Party's leadership can overthrow the colonial regime and feudal domination. To accomplish that great cause, Ho Chi Minh sought every way to enrich his knowledge with the spiritual values ​​and methods of mobilizing the masses and fighting of many revolutionary leaders in the world. Therefore, "The human qualities of Ho Chi Minh are Vietnamese qualities, revolutionary qualities, communist qualities, humanistic qualities, all meeting, blending into one person and being elevated by the historical mission of that person"[7]In other words, “Ho Chi Minh skillfully applied the immortal principles of Marxism-Leninism to the specific circumstances of Vietnam and history has proven that he was right.”[8].

The revolutionary career - Ho Chi Minh's humanism is closely linked to important events in the history of the heroic struggle of the Vietnamese people to regain the right to life, freedom and the pursuit of happiness. The success of the August Revolution in 1945, the victory at Dien Bien Phu in 1954, the victories in the resistance war against the US in the South, the achievements of the construction of socialism in the North... are convincing evidence of the creative capacity and vitality of a new state model. Therefore, Vietnam's victories are a source of encouragement for the liberation struggle of oppressed peoples and the movement for peace, democracy and social progress. In the early decades of the 20th century, Ho Chi Minh was one of the first Asians who, with his intelligence, political sensitivity and patriotism, absorbed the ideas of VI Lenin on the struggle to liberate colonial peoples and then turned those theoretical weapons into material forces for the cause of national liberation.

Under his leadership, the Vietnamese people won victory in the August Revolution in 1945, contributing to the collapse of the colonial system of colonialism in Asia.[9]Following his call, believing in his organizational talent and personality, the Vietnamese people resolutely rose up to establish the first democracy and republic in Southeast Asia and then protected the revolutionary achievements through a persistent resistance war against French colonialism.[10]. With Ho Chi Minh, words are always linked to actions, theory always goes with practice. According to General Vo Nguyen Giap: "He is a genius strategist and at the same time a great organizer. Nguyen Ai Quoc was the first person to write "The verdict on the colonial regime" and it was he who, together with the nation, carried out that verdict."[11].

Explaining the origin of Ho Chi Minh's humanism, historian Tran Van Giau said that Ho Chi Minh was born into a family, a "spiritual" homeland rich in patriotism, cultural traditions and humanism. That homeland gave birth to aHumanityto bring glory to the country. “Nguyen was born and raised as if bathed in that social and cultural environment. Then he went with his father to the capital. With his inherited need to learn, with a special intelligent memory, Nguyen absorbed the Vietnamese national education that had developed to the highest level ever before at that time in terms of history, philosophy, literature, both scholarly and folk. It was that thousand-year-old wisdom that would help Nguyen to live abroad without being corrupted, and to be creative with a Vietnamese character that is difficult to confuse.”[12]. FromThesisof VI Lenin, Nguyen Ai Quoc came to the great thoughts of K.Marx - F.Engel, approached and pursued the goals of fighting for a new humanism and values: Anti-colonialism associated with the cause of national liberation, human liberation. Ho Chi Minh's humanism originated from that national, international origin and in fact reached a high level of harmony with the common, great goals and values ​​of the region and humanity.

As a witness and experiencer of many harsh historical challenges, “the outstanding talent of the revolutionary, the organizer and promoter of the greatest victories of the Vietnamese people, the profound humanity and simplicity of President Ho Chi Minh won the love and infinite respect of his people and all progressive humanity”[13]. Listen to the call: “Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom", performTestamentHis sacred duty, for the survival of the country and their own honor, the Vietnamese people have fought bravely against many of the most powerful and aggressive enemies in the world. In that noble cause, Ho Chi Minh "is remembered not only as the liberator of the Fatherland and the colonized people, but also as a modern philosopher who brought a new perspective and hope to those who are fighting relentlessly to eliminate injustice and inequality from this earth"[14].

In the 20th century, the Vietnamese people had to face many great empires in the world. The sovereignty and independence of the nation were seriously threatened many times. There had never been a century in which so many foreign invaders appeared on Vietnamese territory at the same time, and there had never been a century in which Vietnam had to suffer so many sacrifices and losses! However, Vietnam stood firm, gradually revived and developed. It was the great revival of a nation with strong cultural vitality. As the leader of the Vietnamese people's struggle, Ho Chi Minh became a symbol of faith, demonstrating the bravery, intelligence and courage of a nation. His strong aspiration and ultimate desire for a completely independent Vietnam, where the people were completely free, where everyone had food to eat, clothes to wear and education, became a slogan for action, a goal of struggle and a condensation of the spirit of solidarity and strength of the people of the whole country. That is the political ideology and at the same time the noble humanistic ideal that President Ho Chi Minh creatively developed, painstakingly cultivated and built.

Prime Minister Pham Van Dong wrote: “President Ho succeeded in this great cause because President Ho represented Vietnam and the Vietnamese people. The country’s highest aspiration, the people’s most ardent aspiration was his aspiration, his reason for living and working. His political policies and guidelines were to realize that aspiration: to fight for independence for the country, freedom and happiness for the people. Looking at those policies and guidelines, the people had complete trust and confidence. President Ho’s prestige was fundamentally there. But between President Ho and the Vietnamese people, the relationship was even closer and more passionate: it was the emotional relationship, mutual love and affection between President Ho and the Vietnamese people and between the Vietnamese people and President Ho.”[15]His noble humanism "was to lead the entire people to repel foreign invaders in the new era, regaining for the people the rights to live as human beings, a cultured life. President Ho Chi Minh contributed to eliminating a huge obstacle on the path to a civilized world, erasing a stain in history, the colonial regime"[16].

2. The idea of ​​equality, charity and faith in humanity

InDeclaration of IndependenceSeptember 2, 1945, research, inherit the great ideas ofDeclaration of Independence1776 of America,Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizenof the French Revolution in 1791,... President Ho Chi Minh declared to the world about the independence of the Vietnamese people, about the equality of all people, at the same time he also affirmed the right to life, freedom and the pursuit of happiness of the Vietnamese people. That is the immortal truth, the right to life, the right to freedom that no one can deny or violate.[17]However, during more than 8 decades of protecting Vietnam, French colonialists tried every way to divide the people politically and eliminate their freedom and democracy. Along with that, economically, French colonialists "exploited our people to the bone, making our people poor and deprived, our country devastated and desolate".[18].

Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on human beings are always imbued with philosophy and Eastern humanism. According to him, good and evil in each person are not natural but are determined by society and the educational system. Moreover, human nature can also change over time due to social factors and to adapt to the living environment and social trends. "He respected the compassion of Buddhism as the root of morality... and that sentiment was in harmony with patriotism and love for the people."[19]. While working abroad as well as when returning home, Ho Chi Minh was always active and proactive in absorbing the quintessence of cultures to enrich his knowledge, humanistic spirit and understanding of people. Throughout his life, Ho Chi Minh was always concerned with the issues of people, the people, the country and he himself devoted his whole life to the people and the country.[20].

For President Ho Chi Minh, love for humanity is an all-encompassing value that permeates all of his thoughts, ideas and actions.Testamentis the distillation of Ho Chi Minh's thoughts and ideas about people and for people. According to Ho Chi Minh's point of view, people are the most valuable asset, the central factor, deciding all victories of the Vietnamese revolution. To successfully carry out the cause of resistance and nation building, it is necessary to have well-rounded people. These are people who are both virtuous and talented, in which virtue is the root. He once pointed out: "Ethics can be summarized as: Clearly recognizing right and wrong. Maintaining a firm stance. Being loyal to the country. Being filial to the people". Ho Chi Minh believed that, at any time, anywhere, doing anything, cadres and party members must "be imbued with revolutionary ethics". When the Party becomes the ruling party, the issue of ethics becomes even more important. Party members and cadres must be both leaders and truly loyal servants of the people. The capacity and ethics of cadres must be specifically demonstrated in every thought and action; must always be a pioneer, ready to take on difficult and arduous tasks, must put the interests of the country and the collective above all else and must benefit after everyone else.

Through the practice of leading the country's revolutionary cause, Ho Chi Minh's views on people have increasingly developed and become more comprehensive. In many articles, he always considered people as both the goal and the driving force of the revolution. Ho Chi Minh's vision of people is not only to liberate people from the shackles of slavery but also to ensure enough food, warm clothes, knowledge and true happiness for the people. That is the true value of independence and freedom that many generations of revolutionary soldiers and people had to sacrifice and shed blood to regain. Ho Chi Minh clearly saw the law of movement and development of history and led the Vietnamese revolution to follow that law. Many domestic and international researchers have discussed Ho Chi Minh's calm and composed style and demeanor. It can be understood that: "Ho Chi Minh's leisurely demeanor is the demeanor of a person who is aware of the laws of history, believes in the people and has the people, a person who knows what he wants and where he is going, knows how to avoid rapids, knows how to defeat the enemy, a person who is as calm as a mountain, as dynamic as the sea, masters the art of the possible and constantly expands the limits of the possible."[21].

In Ho Chi Minh's thought, in any period of the Vietnamese revolution, people always hold a central position. Training people is the central and top priority of all development plans and strategies. According to General Vo Nguyen Giap: "The greatness of President Ho Chi Minh is that he saw in the people the decisive force for revolutionary victory. He said: "The country takes the people as its foundation. The people (workers and farmers) are the foundation of the revolution. With the people's strength, no matter how big or difficult the task is, it can be done. The revolutionary ideal has entered the hearts of the majority of the people and turned into material strength, no plane or cannon can resist... With the viewpoint of relying on the strength of the entire people, it is possible to defeat all enemies. He led the army and people of the whole country to create the Vietnamese people's war: Using justice to defeat injustice, using the small to defeat the big, using the few to fight the many, a small country defeating two great empires, France and the United States."[22]Before leaving, President Ho Chi Minh always missed the South deeply, remembered the cadres, soldiers, and people who had been and are fighting and sacrificing themselves for the homeland. He was worried about not fulfilling his revolutionary responsibility to the people of the South and wished to return to the South soon after the country was completely independent.

InTestament,He expressed his great faith and affection for the people because the revolutionary cause, fighting against imperialist invaders, "liberating the shackles of slavery for the people", was "the common work of the entire people". All big and small matters of the country must rely on the people, the people are the root, the factor that creates all successes. Looking at the broader picture, "Ho Chi Minh is a man with unshakable faith in the future of the nation and humanity, in socialism: That is the quality that never changes to flexibly respond to the myriad changes of a stormy career"[23]. In many articles, he always paid special attention to the silent contributions and sacrifices of the people. “President Ho Chi Minh not only had boundless love for the people. His outstanding point was his respect for the people and his absolute belief in the boundless strength of the people. For him, revolution was not a favor to the people, but first and foremost a cause of the people and by the people. He emphasized the spirit of democracy in political activities. He tirelessly carried out propaganda and education work to awaken the entire nation to the common cause, promoting to the highest extent the strength of intelligence, talent and determination of millions of people.”[24].

One of the core and outstanding points in Ho Chi Minh's Humanism is the absolute trust in human beings, in the strength and noble dignity of human beings. Human beings, by nature, are creative beings, always yearning for beauty, the right to life and the truth of freedom. Understanding the heavy consequences of colonial rule and the disasters caused by war, Ho Chi Minh always had absolute trust in the dignity, creativity and mettle of the Vietnamese people. It is these values ​​that have created the qualities of a heroic Nation.

Ho Chi Minh's humanistic philosophy and love for humanity have transcended the borders of a nation to reach the level and universal humanistic values ​​of humanity. From the time he left to find a way to save the country until the days he returned to the "world of the virtuous", Ho Chi Minh always considered Vietnam a part of the world, the Vietnamese revolution an element organically linked to the world revolution. Therefore, all ethnic communities in the world, regardless of skin color, language, economic or social status... He always expressed his affection and respect. As the organizer of the resistance war against French colonialism and American invaders, Ho Chi Minh always respected the French people, the American people and all those who love peace in the world. His political thinking, both separate and clear, of the Vietnamese Government made the people of the world always recognize the true values ​​and sincerity, so they trusted, loved and strongly supported Vietnam's just struggle.

In his teachings as well as inTestamentHo Chi Minh always respected and promoted human dignity, including those who had made mistakes and errors. Ho Chi Minh always believed that, with the power of transformation, education, and sincere tolerance, those people could completely correct their mistakes and shortcomings to become useful citizens for society. Ho Chi Minh was always strict and rigorous with the organization and each job, but also had a tolerant attitude towards his subordinates and service staff when they made mistakes and shortcomings.[25]. During the resistance war against the French, in the middle of a cold winter, the leader of the resistance once took off his warm coat to give to a prisoner... Ho Chi Minh's compassion was vast, profound but also very simple. According to General Vo Nguyen Giap, every day everyone could see that Uncle Ho loved children, respected the elderly, and respected women. Uncle Ho highly valued women because in his view, in Vietnam, building socialism without women would only build half of socialism. Vietnam is a country that highly values ​​women.[26].

As a human being, Ho Chi Minh not only attached importance to training cadres and soldiers; loved and cared for the mountainous people and ethnic minorities in the Truong Son - Tay Nguyen region with every piece of clothing, bowl of rice, grain of salt, etc. Ho Chi Minh was also a vivid symbol of exemplary behavior. InTestamentHe once wrote: "All my life, I have devoted all my heart and soul to serving the Fatherland, serving the revolution, serving the people." Imbued with ancient and modern philosophies, East and West, and understanding the economic situation of the country, he promoted the ideology:Need,save,integrity,mainand considered them the essential qualities of a revolutionary cadre. Author Viet Phuong wrote: Nothing even remotely luxurious could exist in his living and working place. “Uncle Ho’s bed always had only a plain mat. In addition to the plain mat, at the head of the bed there was a plain pillow without any embroidery, a single blanket and a wool blanket that Uncle Ho used in the cold season.”[27]. Indian researcher TNKaul also shared the same comment: “When I first visited him in 1957 at his office in Hanoi, I was surprised by his simple way of dressing. He wore khaki clothes and rubber sandals. He took me to visit the house where he lived. It was a small wooden house, with simple amenities, full of green trees. Despite holding a high position, Ho Chi Minh still maintained a simple lifestyle, which enabled him to be close to the masses and the masses also sympathized with him.”[28].

Thoughteconomy,integrity,mainwas consistently and deeply expressed throughout Ho Chi Minh's entire revolutionary life and had a strong influence on many generations of cadres and party members. When he was about to pass away, as a leader of the Party and the State, President Ho Chi Minh still wanted to save the people's time and money. He wanted to be cremated in the traditional way so that he could return to the people of the three regions of the North - Central - South; to return to nature on the cool hills, continue to contribute to economic development, protect the natural world, the ecosystem and be with all classes of people, with the elderly. People and nature are two life partners who are always close and closely attached to him.

InTestament,Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on human beings are intertwined with the concept of people and country; with social components, compatriots in the lowlands and highlands; with the elderly, children, youth, women; with the people of Asia and the world... There, each person is a personality, a dignity. If we trust them with tasks, know how to unite and gather them, encourage their spirit and capacity, then all individuals in that ethnic community will devote themselves to bringing the cause of resistance and nation building to success.

3. Thoughts on the post-war period

InTestament, supplemented in May 1968, President Ho Chi Minh had many thoughts and identified many things that the country needed to do after the war. He advocated that immediately after the successful end of the anti-American, national salvation war, the important task that the entire Party, the entire army and the entire people must strive to do is to quickly heal the serious wounds caused by the war. He believed that, "it is a huge, heavy, complicated but also very glorious task. We must have a ready, clear, and thoughtful plan to avoid being passive, lacking and making mistakes. In my opinion, the first thing that needs to be done isparty rectification, making every party member, every union member, every party cell strive to fulfill the tasks assigned by the Party, wholeheartedly serving the people. If we can do that, no matter how big or difficult the task is, we will definitely win."[29].

Thus, along with quickly healing the wounds of war, rebuilding cities, building villages, expanding the economy, amending the education system to suit the new circumstances... His special concern and greatest concern was the work of Party rectification, clearly defining the goals and tasks of the Party in the new period; affirming the role and mission of the ruling Party and to avoidpassive, flawed, mistaken. To do so, the Party must practice democracy widely, regularly, and seriously practice self-criticism and criticism, which is the best way to consolidate and develop solidarity and unity within the Party. In that process, the key point is "There must be comradely love for each other". That is the basic principle because without mutual love, no matter how much criticism and self-criticism there is, it is impossible to maintain solidarity and unity within the Party. Ho Chi Minh always valued revolutionary ethics and love among comrades and once pointed out: "People must first of all have ethics, and living together must have love and righteousness. If you read many books of Marxism-Leninism but live together without love and righteousness, it is just dogma and bookishness."[30].

He advised that cadres and party members from the Central Committee to the Party cells must preserve solidarity and unity within the Party "like preserving the pupil of one's eye."[31]. This is the most important principle in Party building work, which covers all of the responsibilities to the Party, strengthening the fighting strength, and strictly maintaining Party discipline. Comradeship, sincerity, and affection between people in a pioneering political organization always have sacred and noble meanings. Imbued with ideology inTestament, General Secretary Le Kha Phieu analyzed: “Regarding Party rectification, Uncle Ho did not consider it a temporary measure but an inevitable and regular task to carry out the Party's leadership role, and the Party's own movement in the process of revolutionary development. When the revolution is in difficulty, Party rectification is to build a calm, clear-sighted, and steadfast attitude, not to fall into a state of wavering and pessimism; when the revolution is on the path to victory, Party rectification is to prevent arrogance, subjectivity, complacency, and false optimism; when the Party is in power, Party members can easily lose themselves; yesterday's greatness does not necessarily mean that they will still be loved by everyone today if they are not pure and fall into individualism. Therefore, Party rectification must be taken seriously.”[32].

With his profound political vision, Ho Chi Minh soon realized the difficulties and challenges facing the ruling Party and the country after the war ended. Historical reality shows that, faced with new requirements and tasks, if the Party is not promptly rectified, if there is no comprehensive and thoughtful plan, the revolutionary achievements will not be promoted, and the cause of national reconstruction will face many obstacles. Ho Chi Minh once advised cadres and party members to have revolutionary ethics and to:Core,meaning,mind,credit,brave,integrity; must strictly maintain Party discipline, be a pioneer, be exemplary, be honest with oneself, with the organization and the people[33]When solving problems, we must base it on the specific situation, have a decisive and courageous spirit, and properly implement the motto: "Whatever is beneficial to the people, we must do our best to do it; whatever is harmful to the people, we must avoid at all costs."

Along with Party rectification, he paid special attention to social and human developments in the post-war period and determined that it wasfirst thing to do. InTestament, always see a great feeling of Ho Chi Minh about the life of each class of people, especially those who have been attached to and sacrificed for the country. Those are the cadres, soldiers, militia, guerrillas, youth volunteers... those who are in the most arduous fighting positions, sacrificing and losing the most. Answering reporters of the newspaperGranma, Cuba, July 14, 1969, He expressed: "Each person, each family has their own suffering and all the sufferings of each person and each family together become my suffering"[34]With Ho Chi Minh, compassion and ideologyForgiving the people and making the roots strong is the best policy to preserve the country." of Hung Dao Dai Vuong Tran Quoc Tuan, "Humanity is based on peace" of the cultural celebrity Nguyen Trai... seems to always permeate every thought and action. Acknowledging the sacrifices and contributions of the people, he said: "Our working people in the lowlands as well as the mountains, have suffered hardships for generations, been oppressed and exploited by the feudal and colonial regimes, and have gone through many years of war. However, our people are very heroic, brave, enthusiastic, and industrious. Since the Party was founded, our people have always followed the Party and are very loyal to the Party. Therefore, the Party must have a very good plan to develop the economy and culture, in order toconstantly improve people's lives”[35]. The responsibility of the Party and the Government is to find every way to care for them, ensure a stable life, and create suitable jobs for them. But the important thing is to constantly arouse the confidence, pride, and will to rise of these people who are inherently strong-willed.

InTestamentHe advised that the merits of heroes and martyrs must be remembered to forever educate the people in patriotism. For the parents, wives and children of war invalids and martyrs who lack labor and are in need, the government must help them find suitable jobs, absolutely not letting them go hungry or cold. He took care of training and vocational training for young soldiers and youth volunteers; he cared about the lives of the peasant class because this was the force that sacrificed and contributed a lot of human and material resources to the resistance cause. He proposed to exempt agricultural tax for one year for agricultural cooperatives "to make people happy, feel at ease, feel more excited, and boost production."[36]. Here, the humane thoughts of our predecessors in political behavior after the storms of war have passed, condensed into the political thinking and humane character of Ho Chi Minh. It can be seen that: “In his appeals, President Ho remembered everyone, scholars, farmers, workers, merchants, soldiers, the elderly, the young, men, women, people from the central region, people from the highlands, people with religion, people without religion, soldiers on the front, compatriots in the rear. When reviewing the glorious achievements, President Ho did not forget the merits of anyone, when calling for progress towards new goals and tasks, President Ho clearly assigned tasks to everyone.”[37]During his lifetime, “Uncle Ho always cared for people in all aspects, believed in people, fought for freedom and happiness for people, people today and people in the future, people in Vietnam, people in the Soviet Union, in the US and all over the five continents. That is the concentrated expression of Ho Chi Minh's humanism.”[38].

Understanding the characteristics of Vietnamese society, regularly directing and following national movements, Ho Chi Minh always highly appreciated the role of women in the family and society, in combat and production... Therefore, "The Party and the Government need to have practical plans to train, promote and help so that more and more women can take charge of all jobs, including leadership. Women themselves must strive to rise up. That is the revolution that brings true equality to women"[39]. He has clearly explained and analyzed the dialectical relationship and interaction between subjects. Along with the care and facilitation of the Party and the Government, women themselves need to strive to rise up to meet the new requirements and tasks of the country. The viewpoint of gender equality; class and rank equality; no distinction between "noble and humble", differences in occupation; truly believing in and respecting people are typical values ​​in Ho Chi Minh's humanism, at the same time clearly demonstrating the core viewpoint: The country belongs to the people, the Party belongs to the people and the State also belongs to the people.[40].

After the political developments in 1968-1969, he foresaw the enormous difficulties and challenges that the entire Party, army and people would certainly have to continue to overcome to reach the final victory. Ho Chi Minh always expressed a strong belief in the nation's cause of total victory. Regarding the reconstruction of the country, he pointed out: "The above work is very large, heavy and complicated, but also very glorious. This is a fight against what is old and corrupt to create new and fresh things."[41]He considered it a "giant battle" so it was necessary to mobilize the entire population and rely on the great strength of the people to achieve victory.

In the strategy of building human resources, along with encouraging the young generation to continuously study politics and practice ethics, he also paid great attention to their cultural, professional and technical training. The construction career requires talented people. Although our country has not many talented people, if we are skillful in selecting, distributing and using them, they will develop and increase more and more. In the new context of the country, the factors of talent, educational level, scientific and technical capacity must be simultaneously valued. The young generation "is the main force in the cause of successfully building socialism in our country".[42]. He once taught that an ignorant nation is a weak nation, a nation rich in material things and strong in spirit is a civilized and progressive nation. Therefore, "Cultivating the revolutionary generation for the next generation is a very important and necessary task."[43].

According to Ho Chi Minh, everyone must have new knowledge to participate in the country's construction. Whatever social model we want to achieve, we must have people who are compatible and master that social model. He always valued culture, raised the cultural level of the people, and considered culture and society as the basic content in the strategy of "growing people" for the benefit of a hundred years and for the longevity of the country. The culture that he advocated was a combination of traditional cultural elements, which have been developed and improved, with the quintessence of human culture. We must make cultural values ​​penetrate the national psychology and enter the new life. Culture must correct corruption, laziness, and extravagance. Culture must make every Vietnamese person, from old to young, understand their duties and know how to enjoy the happiness they are entitled to.[44].

Conclusion

-Testamentof President Ho Chi Minh is a unique document, valuable as a revolutionary platform that President Ho Chi Minh thought about, struggled to write and perfected over the course of 5 years (1965-1969).Testamenthas great historical significance, helping us understand more about the country, people, era, political and social context of Vietnam from the founding of the Party (1930), the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945) to September 2, 1969.Testamentis a historical summary, evoking many thoughts, identifying major tasks and tasks that the Party and State must focus on leading and solving in the conditions of the country at war and even after the successful reunification of the country.TestamentNot only did he clarify the historical mission and the path forward for Vietnam, but he also analyzed in depth a number of political issues and key contents in international relations. He expressed his deep affection for the people and the country, his strong belief in the cause of complete victory and the future development of the Vietnamese Fatherland, of the Vietnamese people and culture after the country ended the war. In his simple words, many profound revolutionary thoughts and viewpoints can be found. Because, "Every word and every action of Ho Chi Minh was practical and concrete, he said he did, often did more than he said, sometimes he did without saying, his thoughts appeared in his actions"[45].

- VersionTestamenthas shown the vision of a national liberation hero, an outstanding culturalist on human values ​​and the Vietnamese people; has deeply portrayed the cultural personality of Ho Chi Minh - a special, profound, warm, and simple personality. That personality is the fusion of cultural values, aspirations of the Vietnamese people, at the same time expressing the liberation aspirations of oppressed peoples who are rising up to fight for the right to live, freedom, and equality. It is because of that political vision and great cultural stature that President Ho Chi Minh is always loved and respected by people around the world. He is a symbol of courage, indomitable will and heroism of the Vietnamese people, a vivid embodiment of the unity between theory and practice, between thinking and action. His perspective and approach to people and culture demonstrate the inheritance and depth of the traditional ideology of Vietnam and East Asia, and at the same time contains many great development thoughts and philosophies of the era.

- Written half a century ago, the historical context at home and abroad has changed a lot, but readingTestamentThinking about his teachings, I always see President Ho Chi Minh's thoughts and heart about people as truly loving and radiant. His thoughts about people always permeate his thoughts, actions, policies and revolutionary tasks in each period. He fought and elevated human rights to national rights. The model of a person that Ho Chi Minh always educated and aimed for is "loyal to the Party, filial to the people", modest, honest, living with ideals and ethics, a person of action and always having a spirit of seeking knowledge. His deep feelings, pure human values ​​and timeless thoughts about the country, people, culture... are still engraved in the memories of millions of Vietnamese people, the cultural quintessence of the Vietnamese people, symbolizing the indomitable will of the Vietnamese people.[46], and is also a symbol of a future culture of humanity.[47]President Ho Chi Minh "left us a huge fortune, an extremely valuable legacy which is Ho Chi Minh's ideology, Ho Chi Minh's morality, Ho Chi Minh's style and Ho Chi Minh era"[48]. Studying those sacred heritages and values ​​helps us understand more about life and its "extremely noble and rich, extremely pure and beautiful" contributions.[49]of President Ho Chi Minh for the past struggle for independence, resistance, and nation building as well as the current cause of national construction, defense, and international integration.