1. Full name of graduate student: Huang Xiao Long 2. Gender: Female
3. Date of birth: April 25, 1988 4. Place of birth: Guangxi, China
5. Decision to recognize doctoral students: Decision No. 3064/QD-XHNV dated October 24, 2018, of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, valid from October 24, 2018, to October 24, 2021.
6. Changes to the training process (if any):
- Extension document No. 1: October 25, 2021 – October 24, 2022
- Extension document No. 2: October 25, 2022 – October 24, 2023
- Extension document No. 3: October 25, 2023 – October 24, 2024
- Changed the research topic title based on feedback from reviewers after the seminar thesis evaluation.
+ Previous title of the research topic: Study of indirect imperative utterances in Vietnamese and a comparison with Chinese
+ New research topic title: A study of indirect imperative utterances in Vietnamese and a comparison with Chinese.
7. Thesis title: A Study of Indirect Imperative Utterances in Vietnamese and a Comparison with Chinese
8. Specialization: Comparative and Contrastive Linguistics 9. Code: 9229020.03
10. Scientific supervisors: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thi Phuong Thuy, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dao Thi Thanh Lan
11. Summary of the new findings of the thesis:
- Purpose of the thesis: This thesis studies indirect imperative utterances (IUUs) in communication, identifying, describing, and discovering the grammatical, semantic, and pragmatic characteristics of IUUs in Vietnamese. It identifies their features and then compares them with this linguistic phenomenon in Chinese to understand the factors creating similarities and differences in IUUs in these two languages. The analysis and summarization of the factors creating differences in IUUs in the two languages aims to improve the quality of foreign language teaching and translation work in general, and to help learners of Vietnamese or Chinese reduce barriers in cross-cultural communication.
- The research subject of this thesis is the Vietnamese and Chinese PNCKGT (Political and Non-Conventional Pronunciation and Transliteration), including both conventional and non-conventional types.
- Research methods used in the thesis:
+ Comparative linguistic method: Based on describing the characteristics of different types of PNCKGT (Political and Linguistic Interactions) in Vietnamese and Chinese, then comparing the Vietnamese PNCKGT with their Chinese equivalents in terms of grammatical structure, semantics, and pragmatics, to identify the similarities and differences between the two languages.
+ Contextual analysis method: In this thesis, when analyzing context, we combine elements within the context such as the speaker's and listener's positions, time, space, social etiquette, communication context, etc., to correctly interpret the implied meaning of the utterance.
+ Field research method: This method is mainly applied in the data collection phase, to record and document Vietnamese and Chinese PNCKGT (Personal Communication and Communication) in conversations arising in daily life.
+ Statistical techniques: statistical analysis and processing of linguistic data and survey data using rudimentary statistical methods, applied to calculate the number of different types of imperative sentences, the number of different levels of request within each type of imperative sentence, and to compare the frequency of use of each type of imperative sentence in Vietnamese with its equivalent in Chinese…
- Main results, new contributions, and conclusions of the thesis:
1) The thesis summarizes previous research on indirect speech acts, provides comments on published research results, and outlines the achievements and research findings on indirect speech acts. It defines the concept of indirect speech acts, related theories such as indirect speech act theory, context, and the comparative method, etc. It clarifies the function of indirect speech acts in cross-cultural communication.
2) The thesis surveys, classifies, and describes interrogative and non-conventional pronouns in Vietnamese and Chinese, dividing them into two major classes: conventional and non-conventional, expressed through three forms: interrogative, declarative, and imperative. The results are as follows: + The conventional interrogative and non-conventional group in Vietnamese has 15 subtypes, while the non-conventional group has 13 subtypes. + The conventional interrogative and non-conventional group in Chinese is divided into 23 subtypes, while the non-conventional group has 13 subtypes.
3) The results obtained after the comparison step are: + Similarities: The situations in which non-conventional Vietnamese polite expressions are used are interrogative – imperative, declarative – imperative, and exclamatory – imperative; the tendency to express the degree of imperative; and some strategies for expressing positive/negative politeness… + Differences: In the Chinese language group, there are more forms. Some pronouns are unique to Vietnamese vocabulary, which does not have a system of honorifics in Chinese. Some situations in which strategies for expressing positive/negative politeness are used differ. The linguistic thinking and speech habits of Vietnamese and Chinese speakers differ. When translating non-conventional Vietnamese polite expressions into Chinese, the sentence form may change slightly.
4) Regarding practical value, the thesis has highlighted the following points to note when translating unconventional utterances: + When translating unconventional utterances, one should try to preserve the original form and syntax, choose a direct translation method, and accurately translate the imperative meaning in the utterance. + Sometimes, when translating unconventional utterances, a more flexible approach is needed, combining multiple translation methods such as translating meaning, adding content, or transforming sentence form, to accurately translate the illocutionary meaning in the specific utterance.
5) Regarding new contributions: the thesis contributes to clarifying the theory of the Council for Foreign Language Teaching and the Council for Foreign Language Teaching, is very helpful in practical applications such as foreign language teaching and translation, and is valuable for research on language and thinking, and cross-cultural communication.
12. Directions for further research:
+ Conduct comparative linguistic research from the perspective of cultural exchange.
+ Conduct more comprehensive and in-depth research on this topic, comparing PNCKGT (Politeness, Etiquette, and Etiquette) from a general perspective.
+ It is possible to compile a curriculum on the grammar and semantics of imperative utterances.
13. Publications related to the dissertation:
1). Hoang Hieu Long (2021), “Understanding the strategy of translating indirect imperative utterances from Chinese to Vietnamese from the perspective of equivalent translation – taking the example of the Vietnamese translation of Mo Yan's novel <Frog>”, Hong Ha Academy Journal (5), pp. 28-32.
2). Hoang Hieu Long, Lu Cam Anh (2023), “Investigating omissions in the translation of indirect imperative utterances in Chinese from the perspective of purposeful translation – taking the example of the Vietnamese translation of Mo Yan's novel <Frog>”, Journal of Science and Education (2), pp. 184-188.
1. Full name of research student: Huang Xiao Long (Hoang Hieu Long)
2. Gender: Female
3. Date of birth: April 25, 1988
4. Place of birth: Guangxi, China
5. Admission Decision No. 3064/ QD – XHNV dated October 24, 2018 by University of Social Sciences and Humanities - Vietnam National University- Hanoi (VNU), valid since October 24, 2018 until October 24, 2021.
6. Changes in academic process (if any):
- Renewal No. 1: October 25, 2021 - October 24, 2022
- Renewal No. 2: October 25, 2022 - October 24, 2023
- Renewal No. 3: October 25, 2023 - October 24, 2024
- Change in thesis name as commented by the reviewers upon Seminar
+ Previous thesis title: A research on indirect imperative speech in Vietnamese, comparison and contrast with Chinese
+ New thesis title: A contrastive study of Vietnamese and Chinese indirect act of requesting
7. Official thesis title: A research on indirect imperative speech in Vietnamese and comparison with Chinese
8. Major: Comparative - contrastive linguistics 9. Code: 9229020.03
10. Supervisors: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thi Phuong Thuy, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dao Thi Thanh Lan
11. Summary of the new findings of the thesis:
- Thesis purposes: The thesis studies indirect imperative speeches used in communication, identification, description and discovery of the grammatical, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of indirect imperative speech in Vietnamese, work out its characteristics and then compare it with this linguistic phenomenon in Chinese to find out the factors resulting in similarities and differences in indirect imperative speeches in such two languages. Analysis and summary of factors creating differences in the languages' indirect imperative speeches to improve the foreign language teaching and translation quality in general and help the Vietnamese or Chinese learners to remove the barriers in cultural communication.
- Subjects of the research: Vietnamese and Chinese indirect imperative speeches, including conventional and non-conventional indirect imperative speech types.
- The applicable research methods:
+ Linguistic comparison method: Refer to describe the characteristics of Vietnamese and Chinese indirect imperative speeches, and then contrast the Vietnamese indirect imperative speech types with Chinese similarities in terms of grammar, semantic and pragmatic aspects to identify similarities and differences of such two languages.
+ Discourse analysis method: When discourse analysis is initiated in the thesis, discourse factors are combined such as position of speaker and listener, time, space, etiquette in society, communication context, and so on to correctly infer the meaning implied in the expression.
+ Field study method: This method is mainly applied in data collection to recognize and record Vietnamese and Chinese indirect imperative speeches in daily dialog.
+ Statistical tactics: Statistics, analysis and processing of corpus and investigation data are conducted by simplified statistics method, employed to calculate number of indirect imperative speeches, quantity of imperative extents in each indirect imperative speech, compare use frequency of each indirect imperative speech in Vietnamese with its similarities in Chinese...
- Main findings, new contributions and conclusions of the thesis:
1) The thesis summarizes the previous study on indirect imperative speeches, releases comments on published findings and briefs research achievements and main findings on indirect imperative speeches. It defines concepts of indirect imperative speeches, relevant theories such as theories on indirect speech act, discourse, comparison method, etc., clarify function of indirect imperative speeches in cross-cultural communication.
2) The thesis surveys, classifies and describes the indirect imperative speeches in Vietnamese and Chinese, divides it into 2 major tiers, specifically Convention and non-convention, demonstrated by 3 forms of question, narrative and imperative speech. Following main findings are released: + There are 15 and 13 subtypes of conventional and non-conventional indirect imperative speeches in Vietnamese, respectively. + There are 23 and 13 subtypes of conventional and non-conventional indirect imperative speeches in Chines, respectively.
3) Post-contrast findings include: + Similarities: Context of using imperative speeches in question, narrative and imperative forms, tendency of imperative extent expressions, some strategies on positive/negative politeness expressions... + Differences: More forms are found in Chinese group. Some vocative words are Vietnamese unique vocabulary that cannot be found in Chinese as it does not have an honorific system. Some scenarios using the positive/negative politeness strategies are different. Linguistic thinking and speech usage habits of Vietnamese and Chinese people are different. When non-conventional indirect imperative speeches in Vietnamese are translated to Chinese, sentence forms may be slightly changed.
4) For practical implications, some notes to translations of indirect imperative speeches are specified by the thesis: + When an indirect imperative speech is translated, it is suggested to try to keep the form and syntax remain unchanged by selecting the direct translation method and conducting the correct translation of imperative meanings in the speeches. + Sometimes, it is recommended to be more flexible when non-conventional indirect imperative speeches are translated. It is possible to combine various translation methods such as semantic translation, more content addition or transformation of sentence forms to correctly translate the target language in a specific speech.
5) New implications: The thesis contributes to clarify the theory of indirect imperative acts and indirect imperative speeches, making more implications such as foreign language teaching and learning, translation, language and thinking research institution, and cultural communication.
12. Further research directions:
+ Linguistic contrastive study in the light of cultural exchange.
+ Contrasive study of indirect imperative speeches from polite theory.
+ Course book design for grammatical and semantic aspects of imperative speeches.
13. Thesis-related publications:
1). Huang Xiao Long (2021), “A study on strategy to translate indirect imperative speeches from Chinese to Vietnamese in the light of similarity translation - taking example from Vietnamese translation of Mac Ngon novel<Frog> ”, Hong Ha Institute Magazine (5), pg. 28-32.
2). Huang Xiao Long, Lu Cam Anh (2023), “A study on omissions upon translating indirect imperative speeches in Chinese in the light of purpose translation - taking example from Vietnamese translation version of Mac Ngon novel<Frog> ”, Science and Education Magazine (2), pg. 184-188.
