1. Full name of PhD student: Huang Xiao Long 2. Gender: Female
3. Date of birth: April 25, 1988 4. Place of birth: Guangxi, China
5. Decision on recognition of PhD students: 3064/QD – XHNV dated October 24, 2018 of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, valid from October 24, 2018 to October 24, 2021.
6. Changes in training process (if any):
- Extension document No. 1: October 25, 2021 – October 24, 2022
- Extension document No. 2: October 25, 2022 – October 24, 2023
- Extension document No. 3: October 25, 2023 – October 24, 2024
- Change the research topic name according to the comments of the reviewers after evaluating the Seminar thesis
+ Old topic name: Research on indirect imperative utterances in Vietnamese and compare and contrast with Chinese
+ New topic name: Research on indirect imperative utterances in Vietnamese and comparison with Chinese
7. Thesis topic: Research on indirect imperative utterances in Vietnamese and comparison with Chinese
8. Major: Comparative Linguistics 9. Code: 9229020.03
10. Scientific advisors: Associate Professor, Dr. Nguyen Thi Phuong Thuy, Associate Professor, Dr. Dao Thi Thanh Lan
11. Summary of new results of the thesis:
- The purpose of the thesis: The thesis studies indirect imperative utterances (IUDs) mentioned in communication, identifies, describes and finds out the characteristics of the grammatical, semantic and pragmatic structure of IUDs in Vietnamese, finds out their characteristics, then compares them with this linguistic phenomenon in Chinese, to find out the factors that create the similarities and differences of IUDs in these two languages. The analysis and summary of the factors that create the differences of IUDs in the two languages aim to improve the quality of foreign language teaching and translation work in general, and help Vietnamese or Chinese learners reduce barriers in cross-cultural communication.
- The research object of the thesis: Vietnamese and Chinese PNCKGT, including both conventional and non-conventional PNCKGT types.
- Research methods used in the thesis:
+ Linguistic contrastive method: Based on describing the characteristics of the types of PNCKGT in Vietnamese and Chinese, then comparing the types of PNCKGT in Vietnamese with their equivalents in Chinese in terms of grammatical structure, semantics and pragmatics, to determine the similarities and differences of these two languages.
+ Method of analyzing context: In the thesis, when analyzing context, we combine elements in context such as the position of the speaker and listener, time, space, social etiquette, communication context...etc., to manipulate the correct meaning of the imperative implied in the utterance.
+ Field investigation method: this method is mainly applied in the data collection part, to record and transcribe Vietnamese and Chinese PNCKGT in conversations arising in daily life.
+ Statistical techniques: statistics, analysis and processing of data and survey data using simple statistical methods, applied to calculate the number of types of imperative idioms, the number of levels of imperative in each type of imperative idiom, comparing the frequency of use of each type of imperative idiom in Vietnamese with its equivalent in Chinese...
- Main results, new contributions and conclusions of the thesis:
1) The thesis summarizes the previous research situation of PNCKGT, gives comments on published research results, summarizes the achievements and research results on PNCKGT. Presents the concept of PNCKGT, related theories such as indirect speech act theory, context, comparison method... Clarify the function of PNCKGT in cross-cultural communication.
2) The thesis surveys, classifies and describes the PNCKGT in Vietnamese and Chinese, dividing them into 2 large classes: conventional and non-conventional, expressed through 3 forms: questioning, narrating and demanding. The results are as follows: + The group of PNCKGT in Vietnamese with convention has 15 sub-categories, the group of non-conventional has 13 sub-categories. + The group of PNCKGT in Chinese with convention is divided into 23 sub-categories. The group of non-conventional has 13 sub-categories.
3) The results obtained after the comparison step are: + Similarities: Situations of using PNCK questions - imperatives, narrative - imperatives and exclamatory - imperatives, tendencies to express the level of imperatives, some strategies for expressing positive/negative politeness... + Differences: In the Chinese group, there are more forms. Some words of address are unique vocabulary of Vietnamese, which in Chinese does not have a system of honorifics. Some situations of using strategies to express positive/negative politeness are different. The linguistic thinking and speaking habits of Vietnamese and Chinese people are different. When translating unconventional PNCKGT from Vietnamese into Chinese, the sentence form may change a little.
4) Regarding practical value, the thesis has pointed out the following notes when translating PNCKGT: + When translating PNCKGT, one should try to keep the original form and syntax, choose to use the direct translation method, and translate the exact meaning of the imperative in the utterance. + Sometimes, translating unconventional PNCK should be more flexible, and one can combine many translation methods such as translating the meaning, adding content, or converting the sentence form, to accurately translate the exact meaning in the specific utterance.
5) Regarding new contributions: the thesis contributes to clarifying the theory of HĐCKGT and PNCKGT, which is helpful in practical work such as teaching foreign languages, translation, and is valuable for the study of language and thinking, and cross-cultural communication.
12. Further research directions:
+ Conduct comparative linguistic research from the perspective of cultural exchange.
+ Conduct more comprehensive and in-depth research on this topic by comparing PNCKGT from general politeness theory.
+ Can compile textbooks on grammar and semantics of imperative utterances.
13. Publications related to the thesis:
1). Hoang Hieu Long (2021), “Research on the strategy of translating indirect imperative utterances from Chinese into Vietnamese from the perspective of equivalent translation - taking the example of the Vietnamese translation of the novel Mo Yan <Frog>”, Hong Ha Academy Journal (5), pp. 28-32.
2). Hoang Hieu Long, Lu Cam Anh (2023), “Investigating omissions in translating indirect imperative utterances in Chinese from the perspective of translation purpose - taking an example from the Vietnamese translation of the novel Mo Yan <Ech>”, Journal of Science and Education (2), pp. 184-188.
1. Full name of research student: Huang Xiao Long (Hoang Hieu Long)
2. Gender: Female
3. Date of birth: April 25, 1988
4. Place of birth: Guangxi, China
5. Admission Decision No. 3064/ QD – XHNV dated October 24, 2018 by University of Social Sciences and Humanities - Vietnam National University- Hanoi (VNU), valid since October 24, 2018 until October 24, 2021.
6. Changes in academic process (if any):
- Renewal No. 1: October 25, 2021 - October 24, 2022
- Renewal No. 2: October 25, 2022 - October 24, 2023
- Renewal No. 3: October 25, 2023 - October 24, 2024
- Change in thesis name as commented by the reviewers upon Seminar
+ Previous thesis title: A research on indirect imperative speech in Vietnamese, comparison and contrast with Chinese
+ New thesis title: A contrastive study of Vietnamese and Chinese indirect act of requesting
7. Official thesis title: A research on indirect imperative speech in Vietnamese and comparison with Chinese
8. Major: Comparative - contrastive linguistics 9. Code: 9229020.03
10. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thi Phuong Thuy, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dao Thi Thanh Lan
11. Summary of the new findings of the thesis:
- Thesis purposes: The thesis studies indirect imperative speeches used in communication, identification, description and discovery of the grammatical, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of indirect imperative speech in Vietnamese, work out its characteristics and then compare it with this linguistic phenomenon in Chinese to find out the factors resulting in similarities and differences in indirect imperative speeches in such two languages. Analysis and summary of factors creating differences in the languages' indirect imperative speeches to improve the foreign language teaching and translation quality in general and help the Vietnamese or Chinese learners to remove the barriers in cultural communication.
- Subjects of the research: Vietnamese and Chinese indirect imperative speeches, including conventional and non-conventional indirect imperative speech types.
- The applicable research methods:
+ Linguistic comparison method: Refer to describe the characteristics of Vietnamese and Chinese indirect imperative speeches, and then contrast the Vietnamese indirect imperative speech types with Chinese similarities in terms of grammar, semantic and pragmatic aspects to identify similarities and differences of such two languages.
+ Discourse analysis method: When discourse analysis is initiated in the thesis, discourse factors are combined such as position of speaker and listener, time, space, etiquette in society, communication context, and so on to correctly infer the implied meaning in the expression.
+ Field study method: This method is mainly applied in data collection to recognize and record Vietnamese and Chinese indirect imperative speeches in daily dialog.
+ Statistical tactics: Statistics, analysis and processing of corpus and investigation data are conducted by simplified statistics method, employed to calculate number of indirect imperative speeches, quantity of imperative extents in each indirect imperative speech, compare use frequency of each indirect imperative speech in Vietnamese with its similarities in Chinese...
- Main findings, new contributions and conclusions of the thesis:
1) The thesis summarizes the previous study on indirect imperative speeches, releases comments on published findings and briefs research achievements and main findings on indirect imperative speeches. It defines concepts of indirect imperative speeches, relevant theories such as theories on indirect speech act, discourse, comparison method, etc., clarify function of indirect imperative speeches in cross-cultural communication.
2) The thesis surveys, classifies and describes the indirect imperative speeches in Vietnamese and Chinese, divides it into 2 major tiers, specifically Convention and non-convention, demonstrated by 3 forms of question, narrative and imperative speech. Following main findings are released: + There are 15 and 13 subtypes of conventional and non-conventional indirect imperative speeches in Vietnamese, respectively. + There are 23 and 13 subtypes of conventional and non-conventional indirect imperative speeches in Chines, respectively.
3) Post-contrast findings include: + Similarities: Context of using imperative speeches in question, narrative and imperative forms, tendency of imperative extent expressions, some strategies on positive/negative politeness expressions... + Differences: More forms are found in Chinese group. Some vocative words are Vietnamese unique vocabulary that cannot be found in Chinese as it does not have an honorific system. Some scenarios using the positive/negative politeness strategies are different. Linguistic thinking and speech usage habits of Vietnamese and Chinese people are different. When non-conventional indirect imperative speeches in Vietnamese are translated to Chinese, sentence forms may be slightly changed.
4) For practical implications, some notes to translations of indirect imperative speeches are specified by the thesis: + When an indirect imperative speech is translated, it is suggested to try to keep the form and syntax remain unchanged by selecting the direct translation method and conducting the correct translation of imperative meanings in the speeches. + Sometimes, it is recommended to be more flexible when non-conventional indirect imperative speeches are translated. It is possible to combine various translation methods such as semantic translation, more content addition or transformation of sentence forms to correctly translate the target language in a specific speech.
5) New implications: The thesis contributes to clarify the theory of indirect imperative acts and indirect imperative speeches, making more implications such as foreign language teaching and learning, translation, language and thinking research institution, and cultural communication.
12. Further research directions:
+ Linguistic contrastive study in the light of cultural exchange.
+ Contrasive study of indirect imperative speeches from polite theory.
+ Course book design for grammatical and semantic aspects of imperative speeches.
13. Thesis-related publications:
1). Huang Xiao Long (2021), “A study on strategy to translate indirect imperative speeches from Chinese to Vietnamese in the light of similarity translation - taking example from Vietnamese translation of Mac Ngon novel<Frog> ”, Hong Ha Institute Magazine (5), pg. 28-32.
2). Huang Xiao Long, Lu Cam Anh (2023), “A study on omissions upon translating indirect imperative speeches in Chinese in the light of purpose translation - taking example from Vietnamese translation version of Mac Ngon novel<Frog> ”, Science and Education Magazine (2), pg. 184-188.
