TTLA: Research on the interpretation of Chu Tu's I Ching diagram by Vietnamese Confucianism in the Middle Ages

1. Full name of the researcher:Bui Ba Quan2. Gender: Male

3. Date of birth: December 7, 1984 4. Place of birth: Hanoi

5. Decision on recognition of PhD students No. 3253/2016/QD-XHNV dated September 30, 2016 of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi

6. Changes in training process: no

7. Thesis topic name:“Research on the interpretation of Chu Tu's I Ching diagram by Vietnamese Confucianism in the Middle Ages”

8. Major: Han Nom 9. Code: 62 22 01 04

10. Scientific advisor: Associate Professor, Dr. Nguyen Kim Son

11. Summary of new results of the thesis:

- Firstly, the thesis has identified a list of Han Nom documents on Chu Tu's Divination, including 52 works with over 100 Han Nom texts in many different book repositories. From there, the thesis has specifically studied 38 works, corresponding to 87 texts, with a total length of about 15,000 pages of documents. The thesis has solved many key and complex problems of textual studies, such as authors, dates, variants, duplicates, transmission processes, etc. At the same time, the thesis has studied 190 Divination diagrams stored in the above-mentioned documents. The PhD student has also translated some of the commentary on Chu Tu's Divination in 7 typical Han Nom works, resulting in 88 pages of translation in Appendix 4. This translation contributes to increasing the reliability of the information and scientific arguments of the thesis.

- Second, the thesis has drawn some important conclusions about the viewpoints, methods, and content of the interpretation of the I Ching of Vietnamese Confucianism. The thesis has pointed out two interpretation trends: 1) Completely loyal to Chu Tu's Do Thuyet, proud to be the meritorious subject of Trinh - Chu; 2) Selective acceptance in the spirit of criticism. Regarding the interpretation method, Vietnamese Confucianism often uses support, combines dots with theories, and usesPandemicmedical evidence, medical evidencePandemic. The thesis study shows that the interpretation of the Book of Changes in Vietnam in the 18th and 19th centuries was generally similar to that in China during the Ming Dynasty, mainly in terms of the sectarian interpretation and development of the meaning of the Book of Changes by Thieu Tu and Chu Tu. However, the interpretation of Vietnamese Confucianism was more focused on serving the education of imperial examinations, so it did not focus on some fundamental issues of the Book of Changes. However, some Confucian scholars such as Le Quy Don, Nguyen Van Sieu, and Le Van Ngu tended to absorb and update the Book of Changes during the Qing Dynasty, thereby raising some critical ideas or correcting Chu Tu's Book of Changes, but those interpretations were not strong enough to form a school of thought criticizing Chu Tu as in China during the Qing Dynasty or in Japan during the Tokugawa period.

- Third, the research results of the thesis have made positive contributions to the development of new understandings of a number of other academic fields such as literature, medicine, religion, architecture, and fine arts. For example, as the thesis has initially shown, through reading and understanding the content of the Dịch đồ học that was disseminated in Vietnam before the 20th century, we have the basis to affirm the knowledge aboutI Chingand Yijing is closely related to traditional medicine and vice versa.

12. Practical application:

- The research results of the thesis can be used in research and training in a number of social sciences and humanities.

13. Further research directions:

- Chu Tu's study of divination in Vietnam in relation to imperial examination education.

- The transmission and adaptation of Chu Tu's I Ching Diagram in Vietnam.

- Chu Tu's Diagrammatic Study in Vietnam in the East Asian Context.

14. Published works related to the thesis:

[1]裴伯鈞撰（2011），〈易膚叢說景印弁言〉，收入《東亞儒學資料叢書·易膚叢說》，國立臺灣大學出版中心，臺北.

[2]佚名撰（2013），《易膚叢說》，鄧德良、裴伯鈞校點，收入《儒藏精華編越南之部第一册》北京大學出版社，北京.

[3] Bui Ba Quan (2015) “The concept of 'image' and the 'inference' of Chu Tu's 'image' in the Book of ChangesHi, I'm sorry.", Nguyen Kim Son (Editor-in-Chief),The Confucian Canon in Vietnam, Hanoi National University Publishing House, Hanoi, pp.284-308.

[4] Bui Ba Quan (2017), “Vietnamese Physician's Interpretation of the Proposition 'Bat triPandemic, not enough to say imperial physician' (Not knowingPandemic, then we cannot discuss Y)", Nguyen Kim Son (Editor-in-Chief),East Asian Confucianism: Tradition and Modernity, Hanoi National University Publishing House, Hanoi, pp.428-459.

[5] Bui Ba Quan (2017), “Practicing the Dharma and experiencing the Book of Changes of Vietnamese Confucian scholars during the Nguyen Dynasty: Through a case study of Nguyen Van Ly”, JournalHan Nom2 (141), pp.60-72.

[6] Bui Ba Quan (2018), “Ngo The Vinh's view on the word “Dich” inTruc Duong Chu translated essay", MagazineSocial Sciences and HumanitiesVolume 4 (3b), pp.413-431.

INFORMATION ON DOCTORAL THESIS

1. Full name:Bui Ba Quan2. Sex: Male

3. Date of birth: December 7, 1984 4. Place of birth: Hanoi

5. Admission decision number: 3253/2016/QD-XHNV, dated: September 30, 2016 at University of Social Sciences and Humanities - Vietnam National University, Hanoi.

6. Changes in academic process:

7. Official thesis title: “A study on the interpretation of"The old man"by Vietnamese Confucianists in the Middle Ages”

8. Major: Sino-Nom 9. Code: 62 22 01 04

10. Supervisors: Assoc. Prof. Nguyen Kim Son

11. Summary of the new findings of the thesis:

- Firstly, the thesis has identified a list of Sino-Nom documents on “朱子易圖學”, including 52 works with over 100 Han-Nom texts in many different book repositories. Following that, the thesis has studied 38 works in detail, corresponding to 87 texts, with a total length of about 15,000 pages of documents. The thesis has solved many key and complex issues of textology such as author, dating, variations of texts, duplication of texts and transmission process. Simultaneously, the thesis investigated 190 yìxué diagrams that are stored in the abovementioned documents. The author has also translated a number of selected interpretations and commentaries on “朱子易圖學” in 7 typical Sino-Nom works, resulting in 88 translated pages in Appendix 4. This translation contributes to enhancing the reliability of the information and scientific thesis of the study.

- Secondly, the thesis has made some important conclusions about the views, methods, and content of the interpretation of “朱子易圖學” by Vietnamese Confucianists (越南儒家). The thesis has shown that there are two interpretative tendencies: 1) Completely loyal to Zhū xi's Theory, proud to be honored gods of Chéng - Zhū (程、朱); 2) Selectively absorb in the spirit of criticism. In terms of interpretation methodology, Vietnamese Confucianists often use “朱子易圖學”, “訓詁” (Exegesis), “圖說” (Diagrams and Explanations), and “以易證醫，以醫證易”. This research shows that the interpretation of “朱子易圖學” in Vietnam in the eighteenth and nineteenth century was generally similar to that in the Ming Dynasty in China and included retelling, explaining and clarifying the meaning of scholarly translation of Sào xi (邵子) and Zhū xi (朱子). However, the Vietnamese Confucianists' interpretation was inclined to serve education and examination (科舉), so it did not put an emphasis on some fundamental issues of “朱子易圖學”. However, a number of Confucianists such as Le Quy Don, Nguyen Van Sieu, and Le Van Ngu tend to adopt and update the interpretation of the Qing dynasty, thereby giving some critics or corrections of “朱子易圖學”. However, those interpretations were not strong enough to form the school of criticism of Zhuzǐ as what happened in the Qing Dynasty in China or in the Tokugawa period in Japan.

- Thirdly, the thesis's research results have positively contributed to the development of new understanding of a number of other academic fields such as literature, medicine, religious studies, architecture, and fine arts. For example, as the thesis has initially pointed out, through reading and comprehending the contents of “朱子易圖學”, which was disseminated in Vietnam before the twentieth century, we have a basis to affirm that the knowledge ofI Chingand “朱子易圖學” is closely related to traditional medicine and vice versa.

12. Practical applicability:

- The results of the thesis can be used in research and training in some fields of social sciences and humanities.

13. Further research directions:

- “朱子易圖學” in Vietnam in connection with the educational curriculum.

- The transmission and acculturation of “朱子易圖學” in Vietnam.

- “朱子易圖學” in Vietnam in the context of East Asia.

14. Theses related publications:

[1]裴伯鈞撰（2011），〈易膚叢說景印弁言〉，收入《東亞儒學資料叢書·易膚叢說》，國立臺灣大學出版中心，臺北.

[2]佚名撰（2013），《易膚叢說》，鄧德良、裴伯鈞校點，收入《儒藏精華編越南之部第一册》北京大學出版社，北京.

[3] Bui Ba Quan (2015), “Zhuzǐ's conception of '象' and the deduction of '易圖象' in 《羲經蠡測》”, Nguyen Kim Son (Editor),The Confucian Canon in Vietnam, Vietnam National University Press, Hanoi, pp.284-308.

[4] Bui Ba Quan (2017), “Interpretation of Vietnamese 醫家 on the proposition '不知易，不足以言太醫' (If one is ignorant of interpreting studies, one shall not discuss about 醫)”, Nguyen Kim Son (Editor),East Asia Confucianism: Tradition and Modernity, Vietnam National University Press, Hanoi, pp.428-459.

[5] Bui Ba Quan (2017), “The practice of divination and the way of changes under the Nguyen reign: the study of Nguyen Van Ly”,Han NomReview 2 (141), pp.60- 72.

[6] Bui Ba Quan (2018), “Ngo The Vinh's view on the “Yi” inZhutang Zhouyi suibi”,Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol. 4 (3b), pp.413- 431.