TTLA: The title system in the Early Le Dynasty

1. Full name of PhD student: Pham Hoang Manh Ha 2. Gender: Male

3. Date of birth: January 6, 1982 4. Place of birth: Thanh Hoa

5. Decision on recognition of PhD students No. 2416/2015/QD-XHNV; dated October 13, 2015 of the President of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities - Vietnam National University, Hanoi

6. Changes in training process: Change of instructor

- 1st time: Associate Professor, Dr. Ta Ngoc Lien replaces Professor, Dr. Nguyen Quang Ngoc

- 2nd time: Prof. Dr. Dinh Khac Thuan replaces Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ta Ngoc Lien

7. Thesis topic: Title system in the Early Le Dynasty

8. Major: Vietnamese History 9. Code: 62 22 03 13

10. Scientific advisor: Prof. Dr. Dinh Khac Thuan

11. Summary of new results of the thesis:

- Determining the title system in the Early Le Dynasty through two periods: During the reign of Le Thai To, there were three levels of titles for the royal family (Duke, Prince, King), and two levels of titles for meritorious officials (Marquis, Tri Tu). During the reign of Le Thanh Tong, the title system for the royal family consisted of 7 levels (Prince, Prince, Duke, Marquis, Count, Earl, and Baron), and the title system for meritorious officials consisted of 4 levels (National Duke, Duke, Marquis, Marquis, and Earl).

- Clarifying the rights enjoyed by people with titles. Notably, the privileges reserved for royalty and meritorious officials that current officials cannot have.

- Specify the characteristics and nature of the Le So dynasty: The separation between "fame" and "position", the virtual land element, the centralized monarchy, the clan connection...

- Analyze the impact of the feudal system on the Le So dynasty in two aspects: Social organization and government organization.

- State the positive and negative aspects of title conferment.

12. Practical application:

In the current context, when the issue of valuing talents, appointing officials, planning officials, treating meritorious people, and salaries for personnel in the public administration has become one of the topics of great interest, discussed many times in the National Assembly, the title system of the Early Le Dynasty with its characteristics, especially the "two-sided nature" of the title system, will more or less be a necessary premise for absorbing, learning, and drawing experience.

13. Further research directions: Vietnamese title system during the monarchy.

14. Published works related to the thesis:

- Pham Hoang Manh Ha (2019), "The institution of conferring kingship in Vietnam during the Monarchy period",Vietnam Journal of Social Sciences(2), pp.51-57.

- Pham Hoang Manh Ha (2019), "The institution of titles in the Early Le Dynasty and the role of the Ministry of Personnel in conferring titles",Science Magazine(5), pp.111-119.

- Pham Hoang Manh Ha (2020), "From the issue of the Chinese feudal state - studying the "feudal" relationship in Vietnam in the Middle Ages",Science Magazine(5), pp.153-161.

- Pham Hoang Manh Ha (2020), "The title "Tri Tu" and its position in the title system during the reign of King Le Thai To",Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities(6), pp. 395-403.

INFORMATION ON DOCTORAL THESIS

1. Full name: PHAM HOANG MANH HA 2. Sex: Male

3. Date of birth: 6/1/1982 4. Place of birth: Thanh Hoa, Vietnam

5. Admission decision number: 2416/2015/QD-XHNV; Dated 13^thOctober 2015 of Headmaster of University of Social Sciences & Humanities - Hanoi National University.

6. Changes in academic process: Change instructors

1^st: Assoc.Prof.Dr Ta Ngoc Lien replaces Prof.Dr. Nguyen Quang Ngoc

2^st: Prof.Dr. Dinh Khac Thuan replaces Assoc.Prof.Dr. Ta Ngoc Lien

7. Official thesis title: The Official Title System of the Later Le dynasty

8. Major: Vietnamese History 9. Code: 62 22 03 13

10. Supervisor: Prof.Dr. Dinh Khac Thuan

11. Summary of the new findings of the thesis:

- The thesis determines the official title system of the Later Le dynasty through two periods: 1) Under the rule of Le Thai To, there were three ranks of titles for members of the royal family (Quan Cong, Quan Vuong, Quoc Vuong), and two ranks of titles for the meritorious officials (Hau tuoc, Tri tu); 2) During the reign of Le Thanh Tong, there were seven ranks of titles for members of the royal family (Than vuong, Than tu vuong, Cong, Hau, Ba, Tu and Nam titles), and four ranks of titles for the meritorious officials (Quoc cong, Quan cong, Hau and Ba titles).

- The thesis clarifies on the benefits enjoyed by title holders. It is noteworthy that there are privileges reserved for royalty and title holders that could not be obtained by incumbent mandarins.

- The thesis specifies the characteristics and properties of the official title system of the Later Le dynasty in all aspects, such as the separation between "fame" and "position", the element of virtual land, the monarchical centralism, lineage connections and so on.

- The thesis explains the effects of the official title system on the Later Le dynasty in two points of view: social organization and Government organization.

- The thesis brings forward the positives and limitations of granting official titles.

12. Practical applicability:

Currently, the problem of appreciating talents, planning and appointing officials and dealing with credited people has become a major issue. This issue has also been the subject of much discussion in the National Assembly. In this context, the official title system of the Later Le dynasty, with its characteristics, in particular the “duality” of titles, would provide more or less lessons for the personnel policy of the government.

13. Further research directions: The Official Title System of monarchy in Vietnam.

14. Theses related publications:

- Pham Hoang Manh Ha (2019), Regulation on conferring the title of Vương of monarchy in Vietnam,Vietnam Social Sciences Review(2), pp. 51-57.

- Pham Hoang Manh Ha (2019), “Institutions of the conferment under the Later Le dynasty and the role of the Ministry of Personnel”,Social Sciences(5), pp. 111-119.

- Pham Hoang Manh Ha (2020), “Studying the “Feudal/feudal State” relationship in Vietnam in the Middle Age by reviewing the issue of the “feudal State” of China”,Social Sciences(5), pp. 153-161.

- Pham Hoang Manh Ha (2020), “The title "Tri tu" and its role in the official title system under Le Thai To reign”,VNU Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities(6), pp. 395-403.