TTLA: The system of titles during the Early Le Dynasty

1. Full name of doctoral candidate: Pham Hoang Manh Ha 2. Gender: Male

3. Date of birth: January 6, 1982 4. Place of birth: Thanh Hoa

5. Decision No. 2416/2015/QD-XHNV dated October 13, 2015, of the Rector of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities - Vietnam National University, Hanoi, recognizing doctoral students.

6. Changes in the training process: Change of instructor

- First time: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ta Ngoc Lien replaced Prof. Dr. Nguyen Quang Ngoc

- Second time: Prof. Dr. Dinh Khac Thuan replaced Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ta Ngoc Lien

7. Thesis title: The system of titles during the Early Le Dynasty

8. Major: Vietnamese History 9. Code: 62 22 03 13

10. Scientific supervisor: Prof. Dr. Dinh Khac Thuan

11. Summary of the new findings of the thesis:

- Identifying the title system during the Early Le Dynasty across two periods: During the reign of Le Thai To, there were three levels of titles for the royal family (Duke, Prince, King), and two levels of titles for meritorious officials (Marquis, Prince). During the reign of Le Thanh Tong, the title system for the royal family consisted of seven levels (Prince, Prince, Duke, Marquis, Count, Viscount, Baron), and the title system for meritorious officials consisted of four levels (Duke, Duke, Marquis, and Count).

- Clarifying the privileges enjoyed by those holding titles. Notably, highlighting the special privileges reserved for the royal family and high-ranking officials that contemporary officials could not obtain.

- Clearly identify the characteristics and nature of the Le So dynasty's title system: the separation between "prestige" and "position," the element of illusory land grants, the centralized monarchical system, and the strong kinship ties...

- Analyze the impact of titles and ranks on the Early Le Dynasty in two aspects: social organization and governmental organization.

- Highlight the advantages and disadvantages of bestowing titles.

12. Practical applications:

In the current context, where issues such as talent utilization, personnel appointments, personnel planning, rewarding meritorious individuals, and salaries for public officials have become highly discussed topics in the National Assembly, the system of titles during the Early Le Dynasty, along with its characteristics, especially the "dual nature" of titles, will serve as a necessary foundation for learning, absorbing, and drawing lessons from it.

13. Further research directions: The system of titles in Vietnam during the monarchy.

14. Published works related to the dissertation:

- Pham Hoang Manh Ha (2019), "The institution of conferring kingship in Vietnam during the Monarchy period",Vietnam Journal of Social Sciences(2), pp. 51-57.

- Pham Hoang Manh Ha (2019), "The system of titles in the early Le Dynasty and the role of the Ministry of Personnel in bestowing titles",Science Journal(5), pp.111-119.

- Pham Hoang Manh Ha (2020), “From the issue of the Chinese feudal state - understanding the “feudal-feudal” relationship in Vietnam during the medieval period”,Science Journal(5), pp.153-161.

- Pham Hoang Manh Ha (2020), “The title “Tri Tu” and its position in the title system during the reign of King Le Thai To”,Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities(6), pp. 395-403.

INFORMATION ON DOCTORAL THESIS

1. Full name: PHAM HOANG MANH HA 2. Sex: Male

3. Date of birth: January 6, 1982 4. Place of birth: Thanh Hoa, Vietnam

5. Admission decision number: 2416/2015/QD-XHNV; Dated 13^thOctober 2015 of Headmaster of University of Social Sciences & Humanities - Hanoi National University.

6. Changes in academic process: Change instructors

1^stAssoc. Prof. Dr. Ta Ngoc Lien replaces Prof. Dr. Nguyen Quang Ngoc

2^stProf. Dr. Dinh Khac Thuan replaces Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ta Ngoc Lien

7. Official thesis title: The Official Title System of the Later Le dynasty

8. Major: Vietnamese History 9. Code: 62 22 03 13

10. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Dinh Khac Thuan

11. Summary of the new findings of the thesis:

- The thesis determines the official title system of the Later Le dynasty through two periods: 1) Under the rule of Le Thai To, there were three ranks of titles for members of the royal family (Quan Cong, Quan Vuong, Quoc Vuong), and two ranks of titles for the meritorious officials (Hau tuoc, Tri tu); 2) During the reign of Le Thanh Tong, there were seven ranks of titles for members of the royal family (Than vuong, Than tu vuong, Cong, Hau, Ba, Tu and Nam titles), and four ranks of titles for the meritorious officials (Quoc cong, Quan cong, Hau and Ba titles).

- The thesis clarifies on the benefits enjoyed by title holders. It is notable that there are privileges reserved for royalty and title holders that could not be obtained by incumbent mandarins.

- The thesis specifies the characteristics and properties of the official title system of the Later Le dynasty in all aspects, such as the separation between "fame" and "position", the element of virtual land, the monarchical centralism, lineage connections and so on.

- The thesis explains the effects of the official title system on the Later Le dynasty in two points of view: social organization and Government organization.

- The thesis brings forward the positives and limitations of granting official titles.

12. Practical applicability:

Currently, the problem of appreciating talents, planning and appointing officials and dealing with credited people has become a major issue. This issue has also been the subject of much discussion in the National Assembly. In this context, the official title system of the Later Le dynasty, with its characteristics, in particular the “duality” of titles, would provide more or less lessons for the personnel policy of the government.

13. Further research directions: The Official Title System of monarchy in Vietnam.

14. Theses related publications:

- Pham Hoang Manh Ha (2019), Regulation on conferring the title of Vương of monarchy in Vietnam,Vietnam Social Sciences Review(2), pp. 51-57.

- Pham Hoang Manh Ha (2019), “Institutions of the consultation under the Later Le dynasty and the role of the Ministry of Personnel”,patient(5), pp. 111-119.

- Pham Hoang Manh Ha (2020), “Studying the “Feudal/feudal State” relationship in Vietnam in the Middle Age by reviewing the issue of the “feudal State” of China”,patient(5), pp. 153-161.

- Pham Hoang Manh Ha (2020), “The title "Tri tu" and its role in the official title system under Le Thai To reign”,VNU Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities(6), pp. 395-403.