TTLA: Research on conflicts between residents and stakeholders at community tourism destinations in the mountainous area of ​​Thanh Hoa.

1. Full name of PhD student: Duong Thi Hien 2. Gender: Female
3. Date of birth: July 11, 1988 4. Place of birth: Thai Nguyen
5. Decision on recognition of PhD students: Decision 2092/QD-XHNV dated May 24, 2019 of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi.
6. Changes in training process (if any): Extension of research period to July 28, 2023.
7. Thesis topic: Research on conflicts between residents and stakeholders at community tourism destinations in the mountainous area of ​​Thanh Hoa.
8. Major: Tourism 9. Code: 981010.01
10. Scientific advisor: Associate Professor, Dr. Tran Duc Thanh
11. Summary of new results of the thesis:
- Research purpose: To study the current situation of conflicts between local residents and stakeholders at community tourism destinations in the mountainous region of Thanh Hoa. At the same time, evaluate and verify the role of factors affecting conflicts between communities and stakeholders. From there, provide management implications to help tourism managers control conflicts between stakeholders at tourist destinations, towards the goal of sustainable development.
- Research subjects:
+ Conflicts between residents and stakeholders at community tourism destinations in the mountainous area of ​​Thanh Hoa.
+ Factors affecting conflicts between residents and stakeholders.
- Research methods used
The thesis is conducted according to inductive thinking and combines both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research methods help to both understand and clarify research contents and analyze and explain categories related to complex psychological and behavioral factors of humans. Quantitative methods (survey by questionnaire) help to demonstrate and strengthen the research thesis, verify the research model on factors affecting conflicts between the community and stakeholders.
- Key results
+ The thesis has built and developed a scale to measure conflicts between residents and stakeholders including 21 components divided into 3 groups: conflicts between residents and tourists (10 components), conflicts between residents and tourism businesses (6 components), conflicts between residents and local authorities (5 components).
+ The thesis has summarized the current situation of conflicts between residents and stakeholders at community tourism destinations in the mountainous area of ​​Thanh Hoa. Groups of residents, tourism businesses, tourists and local authorities have conflicts on different issues, depending on the time and the related subjects.
+ The thesis has verified the interactive relationship between antecedent factors (perception, participation of residents) and conflicts between residents and stakeholders. This result has many similarities with other studies in the world and in Vietnam, but also has certain differences.
- New contributions of the thesis
+ In terms of theory: This is one of the first studies in Vietnam to analyze conflicts between residents and stakeholders at tourist destinations, especially in the context of community tourism destinations. The research results have synthesized a system of theories and theoretical bases on the issue of conflicts between stakeholders at destinations, thereby pointing out some research gaps on this topic. The thesis also demonstrates the relationship between the factors: community involvement, perceived benefits and perceived costs with conflicts between residents and stakeholders. This result may be useful for future studies on the topic of residents' attitudes in localities with tourism development projects. In addition, the thesis has supplemented and developed a scale for measuring conflicts between residents and stakeholders. These components can be inherited and used for future studies on the topic of conflict in tourism development.
+ Practical significance: The thesis has summarized the current situation of conflicts between residents and stakeholders at community tourism destinations in the mountainous areas of Thanh Hoa. Resident groups, tourism businesses, tourists and local authorities have conflicts on different issues, depending on the time and the related subjects. The thesis has partly analyzed the aspirations of residents at community tourism destinations. Next, the thesis has proposed administrative implications to manage conflicts between stakeholders at community tourism destinations, in which the role of the prerequisite factors is affirmed: the participation of residents and the awareness/feeling of local people about the benefits and harms that tourism brings. This result can be useful for authorities in mountainous districts of Thanh Hoa in planning community tourism development projects in localities.
- Conclude
+ Research results confirm that at DLCĐ destinations, regardless of the stage of development, conflicts exist between residents and stakeholders. However, depending on the stage of development, the level of conflict and the type of conflict have typical characteristics.
+ To manage conflicts between stakeholders at community tourism destinations, it is necessary to manage the antecedent factors: resident participation and local people's perception/feeling of the benefits and harms that tourism brings.
12. Further research directions:
Research on conflicts between residents and stakeholders from the perceptions and perspectives of other subjects (tourists, tourism businesses, authorities). Research can be conducted in more diverse contexts and destinations (urban areas, deltas, coastal areas, etc.), destinations at higher stages of development (mature, overloaded, degraded). Thereby, there is a comparison with the results of the thesis.
13. Publications related to the thesis:
1. Duong Thi Hien, Tran Duc Thanh (2021), “An overview of conflict of residents and other stakeholders at community-based tourism destinations”, TED-2021 Proceedings of the International Conference on Culture, Education, and Tourism with Economic Development, pp. 742-752.
2. Duong Thi Hien, Tran Duc Thanh (2022), “Resident perception of conflict with tourism enterprise: An investigation at a mountainous destination in Vietnam”, E-Journal of Tourism Vol. 9 (2), pp. 126-143.
3. Duong Thi Hien, Tran Duc Thanh (2022), “Conflict management between residents and stakeholders at community tourism destinations”, Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on Culture, Education and Tourism with Economic Development, pp. 34-41.
4. Duong Thi Hien (2022), “Discussion on conflicts between residents and stakeholders”, Vietnam Tourism Magazine (5), pp. 42-43.
5. Duong Thi Hien, Tran Duc Thanh (2022), “Conflicts between Residents and Other Stakeholders at Community-based Tourism Destinations: A Case Study of Pu Luong Natural Reserve, Vietnam”, Journal of Mekong Societies Vol. 18 (3), pp.43-63 (Indexed in Scopus).
6. Duong Thi Hien, Tran Duc Thanh (2022), “Resident - Tourist Conflict from Local's Perception: A Case Study at Pu Luong Nature Reserve, Vietnam”, Proceedings of The First International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities Issues, pp. 436-457.
7. Duong Thi Hien, Tran Duc Thanh (2022), “Understanding conflicts between residents and tourism businesses in Pu Luong Nature Reserve: Research from local people's perceptions”, Hong Duc University Science Journal (60), pp.29-36.
 

- Research objectives: 1. To clarify the status quo of conflicts between local residents and other stakeholders at community based tourism destinations in the mountainous area of ​​Thanh Hoa province. 2. To evaluate and verify the role of antecedent factors affecting conflicts between residents and other stakeholders. 3. To propose implications to local tourism authorities to control conflicts between stakeholders at tourist destinations, and reach the goal of sustainable development.
- Research subject: 1. The conflict between residents and tourists, tourism enterprises, tourism local authorities at community-based tourism destinations. 2. Factors affecting the conflict between residents and stakeholders.
- Research methods: The thesis applies a mix methodology of qualitative and quantitative research methods. The qualitative method is used to identify theoretical foundations and clarify contents that relate to human's psychological factors and complex behaviors. Quantitative method (survey by questionnaire) is conducted to prove the research theory, test research model and hypotheses on factors affecting conflicts between residents and other stakeholders.
- The main results: 1. The thesis has proposed a scale to measure conflict between residents and other stakeholders including 21 components, divided into 3 groups: conflicts between residents and visitors (10 components), conflicts between residents and tourism businesses (6 components), conflicts between residents and local authorities (5 components). 2. The thesis has synthesized the issue of conflicts between residents and other stakeholders at community based tourism destinations in mountainous area of ​​Thanh Hoa province. These parties have worried over different issues, depending on the development stage and objects involved. 3. The thesis has verified the interaction relationship between antecedent factors (community involvement, perceived benefits and perceived costs) with conflicts between residents and other stakeholders. This result has certain similarities and differences in comparison with previous studies.
- Thesis new contributions
+ Theoretical significance: This is one of the first studies that analyzes conflicts between residents and other stakeholders at tourist destinations, especially in the context of community-based tourism destinations in Vietnam. The study results have scientifically reviewed studies on the issue of conflict between stakeholders at tourist destinations; Accordingly, identify some research themes and research gaps related to this topic. The thesis also proves the relationship between the antecedent factors: community involvement, perceived benefits and perceived costs with the conflict between residents and other stakeholders. This result may be useful for future studies on the topic of residents' attitudes at tourist destinations. In addition, the thesis has developed a scale of conflict between residents and other stakeholders. These components can be inherited and applied for future studies on the topic of tourism stakeholder's conflict.
+ Practical significance: The thesis has synthesized the status quo of conflicts between residents and other stakeholders at community based tourism destinations in mountainous area of ​​Thanh Hoa province. Residents clashed with tourism enterprises, tourists and local authorities over different issues depending on the development stage and involved object. The thesis has partly analyzed residents' thoughts and aspirations about tourism developing projects. Then, the thesis has proposed implications for managing conflicts between stakeholders at community-based tourism destinations, which confirms the role of the antecedent factors: community involvement and perception. This result may be useful for tourism authorities in planning and promoting CBT development projects at the mountainous districts of Thanh Hoa province.
- Conclusions: 1. The study result confirms that at each CBT destination, in any stage of development, conflicts exist between residents and other stakeholders. However, depending on the development stage, the level of conflict and the type of conflict have typical characteristics. 2. To manage the conflict between residents and other stakeholders, it is necessary to manage antecedent factors: resident's involvement, perceived benefits and perceived costs.

Further studies of conflict between stakeholders from perceptions of tourists, tourism enterprises, authorities should be concerned. Also, more studies should be carried out in the more diverse contexts, thereby, to compare and confirm the results of this study.

1. Duong Thi Hien, Tran Duc Thanh (2021), “An overview of conflict of residents and other stakeholders at community-based tourism destinations”, TED-2021 Proceedings of the International Conference on Culture, Education, and Tourism with Economic Development, pp. 742-752.
2. Duong Thi Hien, Tran Duc Thanh (2022), “Resident perception of conflict with tourism enterprise: An investigation at a mountainous destination in Vietnam”, E-Journal of Tourism Vol. 9 (2), pp. 126-143.
3. Duong Thi Hien, Tran Duc Thanh (2022), “Managing conflicts between residents and stakeholders at community-based tourism destinations”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Culture, Education, and Tourism with Economic Development, pp. 34-41.
4. Duong Thi Hien (2022), “Discuss conflicts between residents and stakeholders”, Vietnam Tourism Magazine (5), pp. 42-43.
5. Duong Thi Hien, Tran Duc Thanh (2022), “Conflicts between Residents and Other Stakeholders at Community-based Tourism Destinations: A Case Study of Pu Luong Natural Reserve, Vietnam”, Journal of Mekong Societies Vol. 18 (3), pp.43-63 (Indexed in Scopus).
6. Duong Thi Hien, Tran Duc Thanh (2022), “Resident - Tourist Conflict from Local's Perception: A Case Study at Pu Luong Nature Reserve, Vietnam”, Proceedings of The First International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities Issues, pp. 436-457.
7. Duong Thi Hien, Tran Duc Thanh (2022), “Uncovering conflicts between residents and tourism enterprises at Pu Luong Natural reserve: A study from local's perception”, Scientific Journal of Hong Duc University (60), pp.29-36.