UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES
NGUYEN THI THU HA
QUANG NINH PROVINCE PARTY COMMITTEE
LEADERSHIP IN GENERAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT
FROM 1996 TO 2015
Specialized: History of the Communist Party of Vietnam
Code: 62.22.56.01
SUMMARYDOCTORAL THESISHISTORY
HANOI- 2020
CThe project was completed at
University of Social Sciences and Humanities-
Vietnam National University, Hanoi
Scientific instructor:Assoc.Prof.Dr. Ngo Dang Tri
Objection 1: …………………………………..
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Objection 2: ……………………………………
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The thesis will be defended before the …………………. Council of doctoral thesis examiners meeting in room ……, building ……… at ….. o'clock ……. on ….. month …. year 2020
Thesis can be found at:
- National Library of Vietnam
- Information Center - Library, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
INTRODUCTION
1. Reason for choosing the topic
The revolutionary goal of the Communist Party of Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh is national liberation, social liberation and human liberation, in which people are both the driving force and the goal of the revolution. Therefore, building people through education and training is the top strategy of the Vietnamese revolution.In the education system, general education is an important part, a very important initial foundation of education, laying the foundation for comprehensive human development and preparing a reserve labor force. New thinking about education, general education is clearly demonstrated through Resolution 2 of the 8th Central Committee (1996) and continues to be promoted for fundamental and comprehensive innovation through Resolution 29 of the 8th Central Committee Conference, 11th session.
Quang Ninh is a province located in the far northeast of the country, sharing both land and sea borders with China, with a diverse and complex terrain like a miniature Vietnam. Quang Ninh faces many difficulties in developing education due to the influence of terrain, population and lack of educational tradition. Meanwhile, to fully exploit its potential and strengths, Quang Ninh needs an abundant, well-trained and qualified labor force from the secondary school level. And the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee has led the implementation of general education development quite successfully in the years 1996-2015.
Therefore, the study to clarify the leadership of the development of general education in the years 1996-2015 of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee, thereby synthesizing and evaluating the advantages, limitations and drawing experiences to apply to the development of general education in the following years is a necessary task in both theory and practice.
2. Research purpose and tasks
2.1.Research purpose
The study clarifies the leadership of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee on the development of general education from 1996 to 2015, evaluates and draws some historical experiences to apply to promote the development of general education in the current period.
2.2. Research tasks
Systematize documents, research works related to the thesis topic;
Clarifying the historical context, factors affecting and influencing the leadership of general education development in Quang Ninh province from 1996-2015;
Clarifying the policies and directions of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee on the development of general education in Quang Ninh province over the two periods of 1996-2005 and 2006-2015;
Evaluate advantages, limitations, causes and draw historical experiences to apply in practice.
3. Research object and scope
3.1. Research subjects
It is the policy and direction of general education development of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee from 1996 to 2015.
3.2. Scope of research
About space:Quang Ninh province has 14 districts, cities and towns.
About time:20 years from 1996 (Year of the 10th Quang Ninh Provincial Party Congress) to 2015 (Year of the end of the 13th Quang Ninh Provincial Party Congress).
About the content: mainly focuses on studying the leadership of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee in developing general education from 1996-2015. General education includes: Primary schools; junior high schools; high schools; multi-level general schools and comprehensive technical and vocational centers.
4. Theoretical basis, sources of materials and research methods
4.1. Theoretical basis: is Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh thought and the Communist Party of Vietnam's viewpoint on general education.
4.2. Sources of information: Party Central Committee documents, Party Committee documents, Quang Ninh provincial government; related research works and actual sources of data through surveys and interviews.
4.3. Research methods
The thesis mainly uses historical and logical methods and a combination of the two methods.
Methods of listing, statistics, synthesis, comparison, analysis, etc. are also frequently used to describe and comment on the research content in the thesis. In addition, direct investigation and interview methods are also carried out to clarify the issues raised.
5. Contribution of the thesis
5.1. Content Contribution:
The thesis clarifies the factors affecting the development of general education in Quang Ninh province in the years 1996-2015;
The thesis describes and systematically presents the leadership of the development of general education of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee over two periods of time 1996-2005 and 2006-2015;
The thesis has added content and data from new sources and has comparisons and contrasts with actual investigations and interviews.
The thesis summarizes the advantages, limitations and draws historical experiences from the process of leadership in developing general education of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee from 1996-2015 to apply to the current period.
The thesis provides scientific arguments for planning policies on the development of general education in Quang Ninh province, thereby strengthening the leadership role of the Provincial Party Committee and contributing to summarizing experiences in fundamental and comprehensive innovation of education.
The research results of the thesis can be used as reference materials for units and individuals researching and teaching the major of Party history, leadership in developing general education in a province and researching the history of the provincial Party Committee, the history of Quang Ninh province in the years 1996-2015.
5.2. Contribution of materials:
Collecting and systematizing to supplement documents on policies and directions for the development of general education of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee from 1996 to 2015.
Synthesize and summarize published research works related to the thesis topic.
6. Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references, list of works published by the author related to the thesis topic and appendix, the content of the thesis includes 4 chapters and 8 sections.
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION
RELATED TO THESIS TOPIC
1.1. Research works related to the thesis topic
1.1.1. Research works on education and the Central Party's policies on general education
Research on international and regional education
CoilWorld education enters the 21st centuryby Pham Minh Hac, Dang Ba Lam, Nghiem Dinh Vy (2002);The process of educational reform in the People's Republic of China from 1978 to 2003by Nguyen Van Can (2007),Education in East Asia - by the numbers(East Asian Education - through scores) by Jeremy Chan (2012)... provides new perspectives on world education and Vietnamese education based on an appreciation of the role of education and general education.
Research works on Vietnamese education through the ages
Including books on Vietnamese education history,Vietnam Education 1945-2010andVietnam Education - Provinces, Cities and Some Universities (1945-2017)…presents the history of educational development through each period with special comments. In particular, the two summaries clearly demonstrate the development of general education from the pivotal year 1996 to 2017.
Research works on Vietnamese education after Resolution 2 of the 8th Central Committee in 1996
Vietnamese Education in the First Decades of the 21st Century: Development Strategy, Dang Ba Lam editor-in-chief, 2003;Vietnam's educational reformsby Nguyen Ba Thai, 2006;Implementing the 10th Congress Resolution in the field of Science and Education, 2006;Lessons learned from current educational reforms in some countries for Vietnam, Nghiem Dinh Vy;Education and training are the keys to development, Dinh Van An, Hoang Thu Hoa, 2008... presents many issues about the role, strategy, and innovation in education.
Research works on Vietnamese general education
The characteristic relationship between population growth and the scale of general education development in Vietnamby Dinh Thi Minh Tuyet; “State budget expenditure for general education in Vietnam” (2012) by Hoang Thanh Huyen; “Corruption in the general education system: causes and consequences” by Nguyen Dinh Cu, 2008; ThesisThe process of developing general education in Thanh Hoa province from 1986 to 2006, by Nguyen Van Thang, 2014... Presents on many aspects of general education in localities and the whole country.
Research works on Party leadership in education development, general education
ThesisThai Nguyen Provincial Party Committee led the cause of general education from 1997 to 2010.by Doan Thi Yen (2016);Hai Phong City Party Committee led the cause of general education from 1963 to 1975.by Vu Thi Lien (2017);Party leadership of the general education cause in the North (1954-1975) by Pham Nguyen Phuong(2018) provides suggestions on the content and research methods on the leadership of the development of general education of the Central Party Committee and the Provincial Party Committee.
1.1.2. Research works on the leadership of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee with general education
ThesisQuang Ninh Provincial Party Committee leads the development of general education in the years 1996-2006by Ngo Thi Thu Ha andQuang Ninh Provincial Party Committee led the education and training career from 2001-2010.by Nguyen Thi Nhung, 2013 are two research works on the leadership of education and training development and general education of the Provincial Party Committee from 1996 to 2010. The two works still have gaps that need to be supplemented in terms of documents, analysis to clarify the impact context, the direction of general education development through each period, and the experience of leadership in general education development through 20 years 1996-2015.
1.2.Comments on research results and thesis issues focused on solving
1.2.1.Review of research results
About the material:The above research works have provided a rich source of information on the history of education, general education in Vietnam, the leadership of the Central Party Committee and local Party Committees.
About the content:
Research works affirm the role of universal education. Some works on Quang Ninh have also generalized the natural, social and economic conditions of Quang Ninh, thereby proposing requirements for the development of Quang Ninh education in the new situation.
Many works consider general education to include only primary, secondary and high schools. However, there are also works such as the Thesis of author Doan Thi Yen that recognize additional comprehensive technical and vocational centers according to the 2005 Education Law.
Some research works also show the correlation between education, general education with poverty reduction, gender equality... and educational development in the human development index (HDI).
The works have demonstrated that, entering the renovation period, Vietnam has paid more attention to education, reflected in the guidelines and policies of the Party Central Committee and the State. The content of educational innovation to suit practical requirements is extremely important. The year 1996 is considered the "pivotal" year of general education in the whole country as well as Quang Ninh, originating from Resolution 2 of the 8th Central Committee.
There are two theses that have presented an overview of the policy of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee on the development of general education and training in the years 1996-2010. The direction in some areas such as scale, quality, staff... is also mentioned, although not specifically or in detail.
Research works on Quang Ninh education have also outlined the current situation, achievements, and limitations of education and general education in Quang Ninh up to 2016, and initially drawn lessons.
About research methods:The main research methods in the research works are historical and logical methods, besides using some methods of data analysis, comparison, synthesis... In addition, some works have combined specialized and interdisciplinary methods quite well, the analysis and evaluation of data is also very remarkable with many unique perspectives.
1.2.2.Thesis issues to focus on solving
Although there are many direct and indirect research works on the topic of Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee's leadership in educational development from 1996 to 2015, in general, there are several issues that the thesis needs to solve as follows:
The first, research, exploit and systematize to supplement documents on policies and directions for the development of general education of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee from 1996 to 2015. Especially supplementing original documents from the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee;
Monday,Present and analyze factors affecting the leadership process of developing general education of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee;
Tuesday, analyze the implementation and application of the Party Central Committee's policies and guidelines to local practices and the direction of general education development by the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee over the two periods of 1996-2005 and 2006-2015;
Wednesday, supplementing data and tables from new sources, and also providing actual investigation data through interviews with a number of managers, teachers and students in the province.
Thursday,Summarize the advantages, limitations and draw historical experiences from the leadership of the development of general education of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee from 1996-2015. The experiences drawn can be applied to the leadership of the development of general education for the whole country as well as for Quang Ninh province in the following years.
Chapter 1 Summary
From the appreciation of the role of education, a series of research works on the topic of education have been published. The doctoral student has initially synthesized, analyzed and selectively absorbed the values of the above research works. There are two theses presenting the leadership of general education development in 1996-2006 and the leadership of education and training in 2001-2010 which are very close to the topic of the thesis. However, after carefully studying the two theses, the doctoral student realized that there are still "gaps" in materials, content and methods that need to be supplemented and clarified.
In the thesis, the researcher will clarify the impact of the historical context, reconstruct the Party's direction of general education development from 1996-2015, compare and contrast with actual investigations and evaluate, comment on advantages and limitations, and draw lessons. The research content in the topic is suitable for the requirements of a thesis specializing in Party history.
Chapter 2
POLICY AND DIRECTION OF QUANG NINH PROVINCE PARTY COMMITTEE ON DEVELOPING GENERAL EDUCATION FROM 1996 TO 2005
2.1. Factors affecting and policies on general education development of Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee
The current state of general education in the province before 1996laid the foundation for the Party's leadership in developing general education in the period 1996-2005. Based on the results and limitations of education before 1996, the Provincial Party Committee determined to implement the Central Party's educational innovation policy, considering education as the top national policy.
The Party Central Committee's policy on developing general educationIn this period, education and general education were reformed. The most important document was Resolution 2 of the 8th Central Committee in 1996. The viewpoints, goals and solutions for education development in the Resolution covered the entire leadership of the Party Central Committee in the years 1996-2005. General education was highly valued with the requirement of expanding the scale, mobilizing children of the right age to go to school, promoting universal education and eliminating illiteracy nationwide. The investment budget was set at 15%. The conditions for the development of general education were given more attention, in which the teaching staff was put first.
2.1.2. Policy of Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee
From 1996 to 2005 were the two terms of the 10th (1996-2000) and 11th (2001-2005) Congresses of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee. This was the period when the Provincial Party Committee increased its attention and invested more in general education. The Party Committee thoroughly grasped the Party Central Committee's policy on educational innovation in the spirit of Resolution 2 of the 8th Central Committee. The goals and viewpoints on the development of general education in this period were to increase investment in education; build and train a team of teachers and managers; increase school facilities; gradually innovate state management of education and increase the scale and diversity of schools; innovate content, programs, and methods to improve the quality of teaching and learning in a comprehensive direction. The main goal was to promote universal education, eliminate illiteracy, and allow all children in the province to study.
2.2. The direction of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee on the development of general education in the years 1996-2005
2.2.1. Directing the development of resources, implementing socialization and strengthening facilities
During the years 1996-2005, the Party Committee had specific regulations on the level of investment in education, increasing to 20% of the budget according to Program 03-CTr/TU. The spending principle is to thoroughly save and use capital effectively. The management and use of educational funds are gradually made public and estimated from the beginning of the school year. In addition, the province also spends additional support for disadvantaged areas. Quang Ninh's education budget from 1996-2005 increased more than 5 times, higher than the national average. Dong Trieu is a typical locality with the investment level for education "reaching nearly 30% of the district's budget" in 2005.
The provincial Party Committee also gradually directed the implementation of socialization during this period. The work of mobilizing the attention of Party committees at all levels, authorities, political and professional organizations and people in the province to develop education, eliminate illiteracy and popularize education was strengthened. The Association for Promotion of Education was established in 2002 and became an important agency promoting the socialization process in the province. The province also proactively participated in international projects on education development. Socialization work has achieved some initial results but is still slow and difficult to implement in mountainous and island areas.
The Party Committee also focuses on infrastructure in the plan to strengthen infrastructure throughout the province. The major tasks of this phase are to eliminate 3-shift classes, gradually remove temporary classrooms, gradually tile and build high schools and middle schools in urban areas. The Party Committee also pays attention to investing in building schools that meet national standards. Some localities have built quite good national standard schools such as Ha Long, Dong Trieu... However, it can be seen that the investment capital for solidifying schools in this phase is still low, the efficiency is not high and the implementation is still slow.
2.2.2. Directing the development of a team of teachers and managers and initially innovating state management of education
During the years 1996-2005, the Provincial Party Committee focused on directing the training of additional staff and teachers in general education, and gradually improving the quality of the staff. There were solutions for arranging teaching in combined classes, and temporarily regulating the obligations of teachers working in mountainous and island areas. In addition, implementing Directive 34-CT/TW on Party development, the province also directed local Party committees to promote the development of Party members among teachers, towards each school having clean and strong Party members and Party bases. The regime for teachers was initially improved.
During these years, the Party Committee also began to pay attention to the innovation of state management of education. In 2001, the province began to implement the "Overall program of state administrative reform for the period 2001-2010". Along with the whole country, Quang Ninh also carried outDecentralize and assign specific tasks to the direct education management agencyThe provincial Department of Education and Training should strengthen the work of forecasting, building, and planning educational development in the coming years. Strengthen professional management, examinations, innovate emulation and reward work, strengthen educational inspection...
2.2.3. Directing the expansion of scale, innovation of educational programs and content
From 1996 to 2005, the Provincial Party Committee focused on expanding the scale of education. The province directed the construction of many new general schools, separated inter-level general schools and gradually formed a system of non-public schools. The goal was to expand to meet the increasing learning needs of the people, increase universal education to eliminate illiteracy. The floating school in Ha Long was opened and became the most special school in the country. The system of boarding schools for ethnic minorities was closed from primary to high school. By 2005, the province had nearly 90 more general schools, including 7 non-public schools.
The provincial Party Committee also focused on implementing many educational innovation measures during this period based on the instructions of the Ministry of Education. The province gradually narrowed down the number of schools following the mountainous program (100 weeks), increasing the study time to 2 sessions/day. Introduced information technology and foreign languages into general schools. Gradually shifted towards comprehensive education. Initially allowed primary schools to be autonomous in content and programs. The province also provided training to replace textbooks for teachers in class. Thanks to that, the quality of education has been paid more attention and improved.
SummaryChapter 2
In 1996, Resolution 2 of the 8th Central Committee laid the foundation for the development of general education in the renovation period. Based on the policy of the National Congress of Delegates and Resolution 2 of the Central Committee, the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee led the development of general education in the years 1996-2005 through two terms of the 10th (1996-2000) and 11th (2001-2005) Party Congresses.
From 1996 to 2005, the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee shaped the leadership direction for the development of general education. The Party Committee properly grasped the major policies of the Central Committee and gradually applied them to local practice. The implementation direction also closely followed the major solutions of the Central Committee but also allowed the education sector to conduct some new experiments on a small scale. Thanks to that, the province's general education has made new developments. However, there are still limitations in terms of teaching staff, facilities, and education quality. The successes and limitations of this period are the basis for the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee to draw experience for the next period 2010 - 2015.
Chapter 3
QUANG NINH PROVINCIAL PARTY COMMITTEE LEADS THE PROMOTION OF GENERAL EDUCATION FROM 1996 TO 2015
3.1. New requirements and policies for developing general education of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee
3.1.1. New requirements
Changes in the world and domestic situation.Besides the difficulties, there are also many new advantages. The economic, political and social changes in both Vietnam and the world have increasingly placed the requirement to improve the quality of general education for the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee.
Changes in the socio-economic situation of Quang Ninh province.Quang Ninh’s breakthrough in many aspects, especially in economics, finance, and transportation, has created favorable conditions for educational development. At the same time, it also brought pressure to innovate to meet the training of reserve labor for the province’s economic transition from “brown” to “green”.
Quang Ninh General Education from 1996-2005Under the leadership of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee, there have been certain advances. However, in essence, there has not been a driving force to promote rapid, strong, and sustainable industrialization and modernization. Reality requires the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee and people to be more determined and more closely involved in leading the development of general education.
TFourthly, the Party Central Committee's policy on continuing to fundamentally and comprehensively innovate education from 2006 to 2015through the documents of the 10th Party Congress (2006), 11th Party Congress (2011) and important resolutions and directives (Resolution 29-CT/TW - 2013). The policies on innovation in all aspects, more investment in training staff, facilities, improving state management of education, attaching importance to socialization and international cooperation in education are the orientations for the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee to lead the development of general education in the years 2006-2015.
3.1.2. Policy of Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee
From 2006 to 2015, Quang Ninh province held two Party Congresses: the 12th Congress (November 2005) and the 13th Congress (September 2010). The provincial Party Committee has more thoroughly grasped the spirit of comprehensive innovation of the 10th Central Congress (2006), the spirit of fundamental and comprehensive innovation of the 11th Central Congress (2011) and has been more proactive and flexible in applying them to the locality.
The direction of education development in these years is more comprehensive than in the years 1996-2005. The Provincial Party Committee also pays great attention to promoting socialization, building a learning society and increasing investment in education from many sources. The contents of innovation in management mechanisms, promoting staff training, strengthening facilities, aiming to perfect the scale, improve quality and achieve universal education have all received more attention from the Provincial Party Committee than before. The most important document in these years is Action Program No. 26-CTr/TU to implement Resolution 29 of the Central Committee on fundamental and comprehensive education innovation and the Project to improve leadership capacity and streamline the apparatus (Project 25) of the education sector. In addition, the Provincial Party Committee also carried out a pilot project to rectify extra teaching and learning (Directive 09-CT/TU) to improve the quality of teaching and learning right in the classroom.
3.2. The direction of promoting the development of general education of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee from 2006 to 2015
3.2.1. Focus on innovation of education management mechanism, promote building of team of teachers and management staff
The Provincial Party Committee pays great attention to directing the innovation of management mechanisms and staff development, considering it a key step. From 2006-2010, the Provincial Party Committee simplified administrative procedures and gradually implemented the "one-stop" mechanism in the education sector. It achieved leading achievements in the country. Therefore, the Party Committee continued to implement the Project "Innovate methods, improve the leadership capacity and fighting strength of the Party; streamline the apparatus and staff." of the Department of Education and Training (Project 25Education sector) through Decision No. 1934-QD/TU. The main content is to continue decentralization, streamline the apparatus, increase autonomy, reduce the number of schools and general schools to focus on improving facilities. The project is a new step, a breakthrough in improving leadership capacity, reforming the educational management apparatus of Quang Ninh province.
Training and improving the quality of the staff is also a key task that the Party Committee focuses on directing. From 2006-2014, the Party Committee implemented the Project to build and improve the quality of the teaching staff according to Directive 40-CT/TW and achieved great results. Since 2014, the Provincial Party Committee has streamlined the apparatus and staff in the education sector. Aiming for proper and effective use. The Party Committee also focuses on fully implementing the national policies and increasing the province's own preferential treatment for cadres and teachers.
3.2.2. Promote investment in resources and socialization of education,Strengthen infrastructure construction
The provincial Party Committee has a policy of maintaining the minimum budget for education at 20%, of which the state budget provides 80%, the remaining budget is self-funded by the unit through tuition fees. The spending principle is to cut unnecessary expenses, invest in projects applying modern technology and invest in disadvantaged areas. The province has also directed the issuance of more education support policies than in the previous period, becoming the province with the most separate policies on supporting education development in the country. The annual budget for education has increased, reaching the set target.
From 2006 onwards, the Provincial Party Committee has promoted the socialization of education, built a learning society and moved towards internationalization. Many directive documents of the Provincial Party Committee have been issued. The Fatherland Front, mass organizations, organizations and individuals at home and abroad, together with the Internet and television, have helped to increase the participation of the whole society in the development of education and general education. Linking school education with family and society.
The infrastructure has therefore received more attention and investment than in the previous period. The province has accelerated the construction of a modern, standard Ha Long High School for the Gifted. The province has implemented two separate projects on school consolidation in 2006-2010 and 2010, and actively implemented the Government's 2008-2012 project on school consolidation. It is determined to reach the finish line sooner, eliminate all temporary classrooms and build new schools that meet standards. The targets for building national standard schools in the years 2006-2015 have all been directed by the provincial Party Committee to be completed on time.
3.2.3. Perfecting the education network, improving the quality of teaching and learning
The Provincial Party Committee continued to direct the expansion of the scale of schools and students in the years 2006-2014, aiming for each district and town to have all 3 levels of education, diversifying training types. Since 2014, Project 25 has been implemented to reduce the scale, aiming to streamline, perfect, and make the school network more effective. The number of general schools and primary schools has therefore decreased.
Continue to direct the universalization of education to increase the literacy rate, mobilize the maximum direction to stabilize the number of children going to school. This is also the time when Quang Ninh has done better in the universalization of education in all districts and towns. Although there are still differences, urban areas have universalized education earlier and faster than mountainous and border areas.
Launch and actively implement educational movements and make the province's own contributions to the movement. Apply new educational methods of the industry and the Ministry such as the VNEN model, teaching Educational Technology books, implementing division of classes, changing textbooks... At the same time, focus on innovating teaching and learning methods, scientific research, implementing comprehensive education.
SummaryChapter 3
From 2006 to 2015, Quang Ninh went through two Party Congress terms, the 12th Congress (2005-2010) and the 13th Congress (2010-2015). The major policy during these years was to promote fundamental and comprehensive innovation in education and general education. The Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee demonstrated a deeper understanding and more flexible application in leading the development of general education compared to the years 1996-2005. The Party Committee paid attention to placing the development of general education in the overall socio-economic development of the province through directing the implementation of a series of planning projects for the development of education and general education. The highlight is that during this period, the province successfully innovated management, improved the Party's leadership capacity, and streamlined the apparatus. This is considered one of the key steps to help develop and improve the quality of general education.
Thanks to that, education in general and general education in Quang Ninh in these years have achieved more achievements than in previous years. However, there are still some limitations in the difference between education in regions, in scale, network... However, it cannot be denied that the achievements that Quang Ninh education has achieved in the years 2006-2015 are valuable, demonstrating the correct policy and close, continuous direction of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee.
Chapter 4
COMMENTS AND EXPERIENCES
4.1. Comments
4.1.1. Advantages and causes
The first,thoroughly grasped and concretized the major policies of the Party Central Committee on developing general education into local practices;
Monday,increasingly defining more clearly the position and role of education and general education in the overall socio-economic development of the province;
Tuesday,increasingly steadfast in directing the development of general education;
Wednesday,has gradually tested its own paths and new ways of developing education;
Thursday,determined to stick to and complete the set goals.
The reasons for these advantages are thanks to: the correct policies of the Central Party, the Government, and the Ministry of Education and Training that have been thoroughly grasped by the Provincial Party Committee through each term; the proactive application of the Provincial Party Committee to increasingly fit into practice; the inspection, supervision, and summary work has been carried out regularly and with good results; the economic and financial achievements along with the care and attention of organizations and individuals in the province have made great contributions to creating favorable conditions for directing educational development.
4.1.2. Limitations and causes
One is, some limitations in the education development policy at the Provincial Party Congresses;
Two is, has not fully promoted the province's socio-economic strengths in developing general education;
Three is, has not eliminated the gap in educational development between regions in the province;
Four is, there are also signs of haste in implementing some educational development contents.
Causes of limitations:The objective cause is due to the general weaknesses of the Vietnamese education sector and the specific difficulties of Quang Ninh province in terms of terrain, ethnicity, etc. The subjective cause is due to a part of the Party committees and authorities not really attaching importance to fundamental and comprehensive education reform; the implementation has not followed the roadmap closely; the general education reform program is issued slowly; the sense of responsibility of a part of teachers and students is still weak.
4.2.Some experience
4.2.1. Grasp and closely follow the policies and guidelines of the Party Central Committee and be proactive and creative in implementation.
The correct and wise policies of the Party Central Committee have helped the whole country as well as Quang Ninh develop strongly in many aspects, including general education. The Party Central Committee's awareness of the role of general education is increasingly in line with the progress of the world and the times. The major solutions proposed by the Party Central Committee are more feasible and effective.
Therefore, the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee needs to firmly grasp and closely follow the guidelines and policies of the Central Party Committee. At the same time, it must be proactive and flexible in applying them to the locality, especially paying attention to the diversity of educational development areas in the province.
4.2.2. Strengthening the leadership of the Party Committee and the participation of the entire political system in fundamental and comprehensive innovation of general education
Faced with the great changes of the times and the economic situation of Vietnam and Quang Ninh, the innovations in Resolution 2 of the Central Committee are not enough. Therefore, the Central Committee of the Party launched a fundamental and comprehensive innovation in the education sector nationwide according to Resolution 29-NQ/TW (2013).
The Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee needs to properly grasp the Central Committee's policy and flexibly and proactively implement it according to Action Program No. 26-Ctr/TU. It needs to be disseminated to each level of the Party Committee, government, education sector, Fatherland Front, unions, social organizations and individuals in the whole province. Promoting the combined strength of the political system and people in the province will help Quang Ninh's general education develop remarkably.
4.2.3. More effectively promote the province's economic, cultural and social advantages in developing general education.
Quang Ninh has its own difficulties in developing general education: lack of a long-standing educational tradition, large area, complex terrain, more than 12% of ethnic minorities live in remote areas. However, Quang Ninh has advantages in economy, finance, infrastructure, society and determination to successfully achieve the set goals. From 1996-2015, the Provincial Party Committee has gradually overcome limitations, promoting the province's advantages in developing general education.
However, some of the province's economic and financial strengths have not been fully exploited. Therefore, in the coming time, the Provincial Party Committee needs to seriously study and find ways to better exploit the province's advantages in developing general education, helping general education meet the requirements of the province's socio-economic development.
4.2.4. Focus on building and improving the quality of teachers and educational management staff
Implementing the requirements of Resolution 2 of the Central Committee, the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee has had many positive policies to improve the quality of the team in Program 03. That is: reviewing and reclassifying the teaching staff of the whole province to "have a plan to train and use them reasonably and effectively". Since 2004, the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee has gradually built and implemented the Project to plan the development of the team in the area, seriously implementing Directive 40-CT/TW. Implementing Resolution 29 of the Central Committee, the Provincial Party Committee considers "developing the team of teachers and managers as the key and core step". Thanks to closely following the Central Committee's policies, the quality of the team of teachers and managers of the province has been significantly improved.
However, the qualifications of teachers in schools in different areas of the province are still different. The scale and quality of the teaching staff and management staff are still inadequate. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to promote the building of a team of teachers and education management staff with capacity, qualified professional qualifications; good moral qualities, enthusiasm and dedication to the profession; create conditions for the team to have autonomy in teaching and learning, focusing on studying to improve their qualifications.
4.2.5. Pay attention to developing education in ethnic minority and mountainous areas in the province.
In recent years, education in ethnic minority and mountainous areas has had encouraging results, but there are still limitations that affect the overall quality of general education in the province.
The provincial Party Committee needs to continue to pay attention and have more suitable policies for mountainous, island and ethnic minority areas. The direction for educational development in this area needs to be specific, delving into each weakness, overcoming each content such as strengthening propaganda and mobilizing children to go to school by many measures; directing universal education to be implemented step by step and firmly; the financial mechanism must ensure correct and sufficient spending; ensure good teaching and learning conditions, especially focusing on training, improving the quality of the teaching staff to gradually improve the quality of education...
Chapter 4 Summary
The leadership of the development of general education in the years 1996-2015 of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee is a continuation of the leadership of the development of education and general education in the period before 1996. That continuity shows the maturity in the policy and direction of the development of general education of the Provincial Party Committee. In particular, the leadership in the years 2006-2015 has been further promoted and developed, making more progress than in the years 1996-2005. The leadership of the development of general education of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee has shown extremely important advantages, but there are still certain shortcomings and limitations that need to be promptly overcome and further promoted in the coming time.
Based on those advantages and disadvantages, the thesis has drawn five valuable historical experiences in leading the development of general education in the years 1996 - 2015. Those experiences have profound practical value for the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee to continue to further improve the quality of general education in the following years.
CONCLUDE
During the renovation period, together with the whole country, the Party Committee and people of Quang Ninh province have made joint efforts to promote the cause of education and training in general and general education in particular. It can be said that the development of general education in Quang Ninh is closely linked to the economic, cultural and social strengths of the province. Quang Ninh is a northern border province, bordering China both on sea and land, is "a miniature Vietnam" with all the characteristics of the regions. Quang Ninh has its own difficulties in nature and society, but at the same time, Quang Ninh also has economic and financial strengths to serve the development of general education. Based on that foundation, the Provincial Party Committee has led Quang Ninh general education to develop strongly and achieve remarkable results. Studying the process of leadership in the development of general education of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee from 1996 to 2015, some initial conclusions can be drawn as follows:
1. During the period from 1996 to 2015, the Provincial Party Committee focused on leading the development of general education based on two important Resolutions of the Party Central Committee: Resolution 2 of the 8th Central Committee (1996) and Resolution 29 (8th Central Committee Conference) of the 11th Party Central Committee (2013). Quang Ninh has thoroughly grasped the viewpoints of the above two documents, and at the same time built corresponding action programs, Program No. 03 (1997) and No. 26 (2014). The Provincial Party Committee also thoroughly grasped and closely followed the policies of the 8th (1996), 9th (2001), 10th (2006), 11th (2011) National Congresses and a series of directives on education issued during the period from 1996 to 2015. This can be divided into two periods, from 1996 - 2005 and 2006-2015. The period from 1996-2005 belonged to the term of the 10th and 11th Provincial Party Congresses, the period of focusing on implementing Action Program No. 03-Ctr/TU with a focus on expanding the scale and innovating the program content to improve the quality of education, promoting universal primary education and secondary education on the basis of increasing investment in education, promoting socialization, and strengthening school facilities; Train enough teachers in quantity, improve quality and initially innovate the education management mechanism.
The second period was from 2006-2015, under the term of the 12th and 13th Provincial Party Congresses, focusing on fundamental and comprehensive innovation in all aspects, with the focus on innovation in educational management, streamlining the staffing apparatus and increasing the quantity and quality of teachers and managers; promoting socialization towards internationalization, mobilizing many investment sources for education, thereby strengthening the construction of school facilities. On that basis, stabilize and gradually improve the scale and network of education; improve the quality of teaching and learning.
2. In the process of directing the development of general education, during the period of 2006-2015, the Provincial Party Committee has more thoroughly grasped the viewpoints and policies of the Party Central Committee, and has applied them more proactively and flexibly to local conditions than during the period of 1996-2005. The Provincial Party Committee also encouraged Party committees, authorities, and education sectors to experiment with new paths and new approaches to educational development on the basis of making good use of the province's economic, political, cultural, and social advantages. Some new approaches have been successful, but there have also been experiments that have not been highly effective. However, regardless of the level of success, this demonstrates the mettle, proactiveness, and creativity of the Provincial Party Committee in leading educational development.
3. Over the 20 years from 1996 to 2015, the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee has promoted many advantages in leading the development of general education, including: thoroughly grasping and concretizing the major policies of the Party Central Committee on the development of general education into local practice; increasingly defining more clearly the position and role of education and general education in the overall socio-economic development of the province; increasingly becoming more steadfast and more courageous in directing the development of general education; proactively testing new paths and new approaches in education development and closely following and determined to complete a number of major goals set. Thanks to that, the general education sector of Quang Ninh has achieved great achievements, with educational results being "among the top 10 provinces in the country" [63, p.83] and "leading the 15 northern mountainous provinces in terms of conditions for ensuring educational quality" [64, p.38].
However, the leadership and direction of the Party Committee still have limitations such as: in the policies at the Provincial Party Congresses, especially in the early years of industrialization and modernization, there has not been adequate attention paid to the development of general education; the economic, financial and infrastructure strengths of the province have not been fully promoted; the gap in educational development between regions has not been eliminated and there are still signs of haste in implementing some educational development contents.
4. The practice of leadership and direction of the development of general education by the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee from 1996 to 2015 has left some valuable experiences. These are: Firmly grasping and closely following the policies and guidelines of the Central Party Committee and being proactive and creative in implementation; Strengthening the leadership of the Party Committee and the participation of the entire political system in fundamental and comprehensive innovation of general education; Promoting more strongly and effectively the strengths of the province in the development of general education; Focusing on building and improving the quality of teachers and educational managers; Paying attention to the development of education in ethnic minority and mountainous areas in the province. These experiences help the Provincial Party Committee to lead the development of general education more strongly, contributing to making Quang Ninh a strategic gateway for the economy and national security and defense of the whole country.
In general, from 1996 to 2015, we can witness the maturity of the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee in leading the development of general education. It is the whole process from the initial steps of exploring and grasping the major policies of the Party Central Committee to being flexible, proactive and finding our own way to apply them to local practice. Promoting the achievements, overcoming shortcomings and limitations, and making good use of the lessons learned will certainly help the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee lead the development of general education in the right direction, successfully innovating fundamentally and comprehensively, towards integration and reaching international standards. Thereby contributing to building a high-quality workforce, successfully realizing the goal of a rich people, a strong country, a fair, democratic and civilized society.
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