Summary of PhD thesis: Pham Quynh Trang

INTRODUCTION

1. Urgency of the research topic

The Vietnamese working class - the class that leads the revolution through the vanguard, the Communist Party of Vietnam; the class that represents the advanced mode of production; the pioneer class in the cause of building socialism, the leading force in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country for the goal of a rich people, a strong country, a fair, democratic and civilized society; the core force in the alliance of the working class with the peasantry and the intelligentsia under the leadership of the Party [26; pp.43-44]. Since its inception until now, the Vietnamese working class has always carried within itself that important historical mission.

Currently, the fourth industrial revolution, also known as the 4.0 industrial revolution, is predicted to be a major trend that will have a profound and comprehensive impact on the socio-economic development of all countries and peoples in the world. After nearly 35 years of comprehensive national renovation, Vietnam's economy has seen many improvements, a new, dynamic and developing economy, along with that process, the Vietnamese working class is also growing in quantity and constantly improving in quality. In the context of this fourth industrial revolution, the Vietnamese working class is being directly affected in both directions: positive and negative.

One sideThe fourth industrial revolution will promote the quality development of the working class, increase the number of knowledge workers (intellectual workers), create positive changes in the structure of the working class, and improve the material and spiritual life of the working class.On the other hand, the fourth industrial revolution will also have negative impacts on employment, income, life... of a large part of the working class, especially the "blue collar" workers. More worryingly, the fourth industrial revolution is having significant impacts on the class consciousness and political qualities of the working class as the leading class (through the vanguard) of the innovation cause in our country today.

To have a clearer and more complete understanding of the fourth industrial revolution (in the world, as well as in Vietnam), its opportunities and challenges for the position and role of the Vietnamese working class today... requires systematic research attention in both theory and practice. However, it can be seen that studies on the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class today are still quite modest.

Therefore, NCS decided to choose the problem“The impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class”I am doing my doctoral thesis on Scientific Socialism with the hope of contributing to a clearer and more complete explanation of the historical mission of the working class in the context of the fourth industrial revolution.

2. Research objectives and tasks

2.1. Research objectives

Based on theoretical and practical research on the impacts of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class, the thesis proposes a number of key viewpoints and solutions to promote positive impacts and limit negative impacts of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class.

2.2. Research tasks

To achieve the above objectives, the thesis will carry out the following specific tasks:

-Overview of the research situation related to the topic; from there, evaluate the values ​​and "gaps" of the overview works, point out the thesis contents that need to be researched and clarified;

- Analyze some theoretical issues on the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class;

- Analyze and clarify the impacts of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class and the issues raised;

- State some basic viewpoints and propose main solutions to promote, take advantage of positive impacts and limit negative impacts of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class.

3. Research object and scope

3.1. Research subjects

The research object of the thesis is the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class.

3.2. Scope of research

-About the content: The thesis focuses on researching: 1- The impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the quantity and structure of the working class; 2- The impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the quality of the working class in terms of: qualifications (education, expertise, profession, ability to master scientific and technological knowledge...) and political qualities (class consciousness, awareness of historical mission...) of the Vietnamese working class.

-About time: Research on the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class from 2011 (this is the year when the term industry 4.0 was first mentioned in Germany) to the present.

4. Theoretical basis and research methods

4.1. Theoretical basis

The thesis is based on the theoretical foundation of Marxism-Leninism on the working class, the historical mission of the working class, and the role of modern productive forces in economic and social development.

The thesis is also based on the viewpoints and guidelines of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the legal policies of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on continuing to build the Vietnamese working class in the period of promoting industrialization and modernization of the country; on a number of policies to proactively participate in the fourth industrial revolution, on the strategy for developing Vietnam's human resources in the period 2011-2020. In addition, the thesis also inherits the value of research works related to the thesis topic.

4.2. Research methods

The thesis is carried out on the basis of the synthesis of the methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism. It attaches importance to and combines the logical-historical method and the scientific abstraction method. In addition, the thesis also uses methods such as analysis, comparison, statistics, etc. for research.

5. Scientific contributions of the thesis

- Analyze and clarify the nature of the fourth industrial revolution and demonstrate the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class.

- Point out and analyze the issues raised by the impacts of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class.

- Identifying directional viewpoints and, in particular, proposing a number of key solutions to promote positive impacts and limit negative impacts of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class.

6. Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis

6.1. Theoretical significance of the thesis

- The thesis clarifies the manifestations of the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class from a socio-political perspective. Therefore, the research results of the thesis can be used as reference materials for studying, researching, and teaching the subject of Scientific Socialism in particular and other social sciences in general.

6.2. Practical significance of the thesis

-One sideThe thesis forecasts and analyzes the impacts of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class, as a basis for the Party and State to promptly issue correct policies and guidelines on the development of the working class in the context of the fourth industrial revolution.

-On the other handThe research results of the thesis also contribute to the ideological struggle against the distorted arguments that the Fourth Industrial Revolution will cause the working class to "atrophy", disappear and no longer have a historical mission; thereby, protecting Marxism-Leninism in the current period.

7. Structure of the thesis

In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of scientific research works of the author and list of references, the content of the thesis is divided into 4 chapters and 9 sections.

 

 

 

Chapter 1

OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION

1.1. Overview of documents abroad

1.1.1. Research works on the fourth industrial revolution

Author Klaus Schwab with the book “The Fourth Industrial Revolution”Translated and edited by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, World Publishing House, H. 2018; After the book "The Fourth Industrial Revolution” Klaus Schwab continued to publish the book under the name“Shaping the Fourth Industrial Revolution”,The book was translated by Nguyen Van - Thanh Thep, The Gioi Publishing House, H.2019; Deloitte and Global Business Coalition for Education: Preparing tomorrow's workforce for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, 2018.

1.1.2. Research works on the working class

- “The role of the contemporary working class”by authors Liu Ke Bai - Wang Mai - Yan Chun Chi, China Social Science Publishing Foundation, translated by Nguyen Ngoc Lan and edited by Nguyen Thanh.

1.1.3.Research on the impact of the fourth industrial revolution onworking class

- Alvin Toffler with the book “The Third Wave”,Publishing House of Theoretical Information, Ho Chi Minh City 1992;Flat worldby author ThomasL. Friedman describes the process of the world being "flattened" by the trend of globalization, international integration and the rapid development of science and technology; Author Vuong Thuc Phuong, Humanities Academy, Dong Hoa University, China with the article "Industry 4.0: Punishment or salvation of technical capital for human beings – From the perspective of criticizing C. Marx's "Commodity Cult" and "Free Time"” published in the journal Marxism and Realism (China), No. 2 – 2016, pp. 141 -146.

1.2. Overview of domestic documents

1.2.1. Research works on the fourth industrial revolution

Conference ProceedingsThe Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Issues It Poses for Vietnam's Socio-Economic Development" compiled by the Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, the Central Economic Committee and the United Nations in Vietnam in 2016; In November 2017, the Central Economic Committee assigned comrade Dr. Nguyen Van Binh to edit the book "Vietnam and the Fourth Industrial Revolution"Reference books; Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics with seminar"The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Opportunities and Challenges for Vietnam"; In the book “Industrial Revolution 4.0: Issues for Vietnam's socio-economic development and international integration", author Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tran Thi Van Hoa (editor-in-chief); Dr. Phan Xuan Dung with the book "The Fourth Industrial Revolution, a Revolution of Convergence and Savings; National Scientific ConferenceHuman resource needs for development in the context of the fourth industrial revolution and the responses of Vietnamese higher education” co-organized by the Office of the National Council for Education and Human Resources Development, Hanoi National University, Ho Chi Minh City National University and Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics in 2018; Author Nguyen Dac Hung with the monograph “The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Issues it Poses for Vietnam”; Most recently in 2019, Dr. Pham Thuyen published the book “Industrialization and modernization of Vietnam's economy in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution”; Banking Academy, Faculty of Political Theory opened a Workshop on “The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the issues it poses to Vietnam's socio-economic development”.

In addition to reference books, monographs, and seminars, in recent years there have been many articles written about the fourth industrial revolution revolving around the following issues: identifying the fourth industrial revolution, its characteristics, nature, manifestations, and impacts on all aspects of social life.

Author Nguyen Chi Hieu, Pham Van Bien with the article "The Industrial Revolution 4.0 in Germany: Achievements and Challenges”, Journal of European Studies No. 5 (212) 2018. Author Nguyen Chi Truong with the article “The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Opportunities, Challenges and Two-Speed ​​Solutions for Vocational Education”.Author Nguyen Thi Thu Hong has an article “Opportunities and challenges for female workers in the Fourth Industrial Revolution” published in Labor and Trade Union Magazine No. 638, March 2018.

1.1.2. Research works on the working class

Trends of changes in the Vietnamese working class in the early years of the 21st century,Vietnam General Confederation of Labor - Institute of Workers and Trade Unions, Labor Publishing House, Hanoi, 2001;Building and promoting the role of the Vietnamese working class in the period of accelerating industrialization and modernization of the country,Vietnam General Confederation of Labor, Dr. Dang Ngoc Tung (Editor-in-Chief), Labor Publishing House, Hanoi, 2008;The Vietnamese working class in the cause of industrialization, modernization and international integration,(Reference book), Hanoi National University, Center for training and fostering political theory lecturers, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2010;Building the Vietnamese working class in the period 2011-2020,Dr. Dang Ngoc Tung (editor-in-chief), Labor Publishing House, Hanoi, 2010;Intellectualizing Vietnamese workers in current international economic integration,Dr. Bui Thi Kim Hau, National Political Publishing House - Truth, Hanoi, 2012; Author Nguyen Thi Huong hasDoctor of Philosophy Thesis“The working class - the pioneer class in the process of building socialism in Vietnam”; Author Pham Van Giang hasDoctor of Philosophy ThesisThe transformation of the Vietnamese working class under the impact of current international integration”.

1.1.3. Research works on the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the working class

The bookIndustrialization and Modernization in Vietnam in the context of the fourth industrial revolution,Authors Nguyen Dac Hung, Phung The Dong; Author Nguyen Dinh Bac with the article "Developing high-quality human resources in our country before the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution” published in Communist Magazine No. 906, April 2018. Author Nguyen An Ninh with the article “Carrying out the historical mission of the working class in the Fourth Industrial Revolution”, Electronic Communist Magazine; Article “Characteristics and socio-economic impacts of the fourth industrial revolution" by Nguyen Van Thanh published in Sociology Journal, No. 1 (141) 2018. Author Le Thi Chien with the article "The role of the labor factor in the production force under the impact of the fourth industrial revolution” published in Philosophy Magazine No. 2 (231) February 2018; Authors Le Tuan Ngoc, Hoang Thi Kim Oanh with the article “Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the challenges posed to Vietnamese workers”. Author Chu Ngoc Anh with two articles: “The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Opportunities and Challenges for Vietnam's Sustainable Growth Goals”; “Developing science and technology human resources to meet the requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and increasingly deep international integration”; Authors Nguyen An Ninh and To Van Son with the article “Impact of Industrial Revolution 4.0 on workers and laborers in developed industrial countries” published in Labor and Trade Union Magazine No. 637.

1.3. Summarize valuable results from researched works and issues that need further research and clarification during the thesis implementation process.

1.3.1. General assessment of the results of research works related to the thesis topic

The firstThe research works presented above have clearly addressed theoretical issues related to the working class and the fourth industrial revolution. In particular, the authors have affirmed that, no matter what era, the working class is still the class that determines the development of society.

Monday,These studies have analyzed the impacts of the fourth industrial revolution on developed capitalist countries... analyzed the opportunities and challenges of this revolution on the socio-economic situation of Vietnam.

Tuesday,The above research projects have provided key viewpoints and solutions so that Vietnam can seize opportunities, overcome challenges, and be ready to welcome the fourth industrial revolution.

However,Previous research on the working class mainly discussed the intellectualization of workers, high-quality human resources... in the context of globalization and international integration. Up to this point, research on the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the working class in general and the Vietnamese working class in particular is still very modest. Therefore, this is a new issue that needs further research.

1.3.2. Thesis contents that need further research and clarification

The first,The thesis will focus on clarifying the new concept of the working class and the characteristics of the working class today;Monday,To point out the impacts of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class, the author relies on analysis from the concept, nature and characteristics of the fourth industrial revolution;Tuesday,On that basis, the main content of the thesis is to point out the manifestations of the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class: on quantity, structure, quality (including the level of mastery of science and technology and class consciousness). Thereby, the author analyzes the issues raised by the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class. This is the greatest contribution of the thesis when delving into the research of this topic;Wednesday,Point out the impacts and issues arising from the impact of the fourth industrial revolution; and finally, the author proposes some viewpoints and solutions to promote positive impacts and limit negative impacts of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class.

Chapter 1 Summary

Up to now, researchers of scientific socialism in particular and political and social theorists in general have been very interested in the topic of the working class. Because the working class, along with the historical mission of the working class, is the fundamental and central doctrine of the subject of scientific socialism. In practice, the Vietnamese working class has proven its position and role. Since 2011, the term "industry 4.0" was officially mentioned in Germany, the fourth industrial revolution has become a topic mentioned with great frequency, and has been studied and discussed by large and small conferences at home and abroad.

Studies on the working class and the fourth industrial revolution have mentioned many important aspects with different approaches and levels. However, up to now, works discussing the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class itself are still very modest and few. Therefore, the topic chosen by the author does not coincide with any published scientific work.

Chapter 2

IMPACT OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

TO THE VIETNAMESE WORKING CLASS -

SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES

2.1. Concepts and characteristics of the working class and the fourth industrial revolution

2.1.1. Concept and characteristics of the working class

Concept of the working class

In the process of explaining the formation and historical mission of the working class, C. Marx and F. Engels used many synonyms to talk about this class such as: proletariat, industrial proletariat, large-scale mechanical working class, working class, modern working class, factory workers, urban workers...

Lenin also used many different terms to refer to the working class such as: proletariat, 20th century proletariat, working class... However, concept“working class” needs to be considered in certain historical conditions and circumstances. In the current period, when the trend of globalization and international integration, especially when the fourth industrial revolution is taking place,The concept of the working class has changed and been supplemented with new characteristics.The working class is not only limited to the image of factory workers, workshop workers... operating machines, workers in industrial parks, export processing zones... but the current working class can be divided as follows:

One is simple laborers: that is, untrained workers who mainly work based on the strength of their hands and feet. This group of workers is at risk of disappearing in the fourth industrial revolution; Two is technical workers (also known as blue collar worker). This group of workers still accounts for the majority of workers in the countries and is still the main group directly operating production, through increasingly modern industrial machinery and equipment; Third, technicians and practical engineers(also known as yellow collar workers)directly operate increasingly modern industrial production processes. This group of workers needs to be distinguished from the group of intellectuals (who are mainly involved in research, invention, teaching... about technical theory, information technology...); Fourth, knowledge workers(also known as "Worker - Intellectual", white-collar, blue-collar, pink-collar workers)). They are workers who directly participate in operating the production process, or both produce and participate in management in modern enterprises, and participate in research, teaching, and inventing modern scientific and technological theories at institutes and universities...; Fifth, service workers: directly participate in operating the increasingly modern service industry production process in today's knowledge economy such as services: Trade, Banking, Finance, Science and Technology, Tourism, Environment...

Concept of Vietnamese working class

In the latest resolution on the working class, our Party introduced the concept of the working class as follows: “The Vietnamese working class is a large, developing social force, including manual and intellectual workers, working for wages in various types of industrial production, business and services, or industrial production, business and services”; “It is the class leading the revolution through the vanguard, the Communist Party of Vietnam; the class representing advanced production methods; the pioneering class in the cause of building socialism, the leading force in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country for the goal of a rich people, a strong country, a fair, democratic and civilized society; the core force in the alliance of the working class with the peasantry and the intelligentsia under the leadership of the Party.”

2.1.2. The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Concept, nature, characteristics

In essence, the fourth industrial revolution has not changed much compared to the three previous industrial revolutions. It is still a revolution based on scientific and technological inventions applied to social production to create changes, breakthroughs, and continuous development. The fourth industrial revolution is still a revolution in the productive forces leading to changes in existing production relations.

To identify the fourth industrial revolution, we need to clearly define the manifestations and characteristics of this revolution:

One is, this is a revolution based on the foundation of information technology, internet and the convergence of all technologies such as physics, chemistry, biology... but at a new level.

Two is, major technology trends in the fourth industrial revolution: Material (with four manifestations being self-driving cars, 3D printing technology, advanced robots and new materials); Digital (with the internet of things); Biology (genetic technology, synthetic biology...).

Three is, in terms of scope and speed of development, can be said to be unprecedented in the history of human development.

Four is,The fourth industrial revolution is predicted to change the entire world economy and is gradually creating a new method of production, which is a digital economy, a sharing economy.

In short,With these easily recognizable manifestations and characteristics, the fourth industrial revolution is truly present and affecting all sectors and fields of the world economy, affecting world politics and especially affecting the working class, laborers, and those who directly operate today's modern productive forces.

2.2. Concept and manifestation of the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the working class

2.2.1. The concept of “impact”

Interaction is always a process of interaction between objects and phenomena. According to the philosophical dictionary, interaction is: The process of objects influencing each other, is the most general and common form of movement and development. Interaction determines the existence and structural organization of all material systems, determines its connection with other objects into a larger system, determines the properties of all objects, processes and phenomena.

According to Vietnamese dictionary, impact is“To cause a certain object to undergo certain changes”In short, when subjected to any impact, whether internal or external, it leads to changes.

2.2.2. Manifestation of impact

Although the fourth industrial revolution is just taking place, we cannot yet accurately predict its impacts on society in general and the working class in particular, but with the current manifestations of the fourth industrial revolution, we can see some of the main impacts of this revolution on the development of the working class as follows:

One is the impact on the quantity and structure of the working class.

About quantity: Whether at present or in the future, it is clear that the demand for labor will never end, because old occupations will disappear and be replaced by new ones. That is, the world's labor force tends to increase unevenly, but in general, the number is still increasing.

About structure:

Structure by economic sector:If in the past, workers were mainly concentrated in the public sector, in factories and enterprises, now with a variety of different economic sectors, the working class is present in almost all economic sectors.

Structure by industry: The previous economic sectors such as traditional industrial production no longer dominate the economy, but instead, the service and smokeless industries will take the throne. This leads to changes in the structure of workers and laborers in countries. The shift in the economic structure towards digital technology requires workers and laborers around the world to shift, this change is in a positive direction:There is a transformation from blue-collar workers, traditional workers to white-collar workers, pink-collar workers, knowledge workers.

Shift in regional and territorial structure of workers:Due to the socialization of industrial labor in the fourth industrial revolution, workers around the world can take on many different jobs without having to go to the office. The fourth industrial revolution is also creating opportunities for many workers around the world to work freely, be creative and contribute, allowing businesses to recruit a global workforce. This is positively affecting the knowledge workers around the world, but conversely, negatively affecting the traditional workers today.

Labor structure by gender:The fourth industrial revolution with its requirements, demands on qualifications, skills and creativity of people, regardless of gender, age... new jobs related to information technology, software application development, graphic design, artificial intelligence, 3D printing techniques... do not require muscle strength, but require more patience and meticulousness... this is considered an opportunity for female workers to have better jobs, improving their living standards.

Second, it affects the level of GCCN (education, expertise, profession, ability to master scientific and technological knowledge...)

The emergence of new professions related to the application of science and technology in the fourth industrial revolution requires the quality of the working class to increase. Not only professional expertise, the 4.0 working class needs to prepare for itself soft skills, because the characteristics of new professions require creativity, communication and presentation skills, even diplomatic skills...

Job skills include the following four basic groups of skills: First, vocational skills, also known as vocational competencies. Second, the fourth industrial revolution is increasing the demand for essential human skills, often called soft skills. Third, the fourth industrial revolution is creating new job opportunities, jobs that require high professional skills. Fourth, the new professions created by the fourth industrial revolution also require people to have business skills.

The fourth industrial revolution is also affecting the quality of life of a part of the working class. More importantly, the fourth industrial revolution is directly affecting the class consciousness of a part of the working class in the world; at the same time, it is also affecting in a way that creates conditions and opportunities for the working class to easily realize its internationalism in the present era.

Chapter 2 Summary

With their scientific and revolutionary worldview, C. Marx and F. Engels explained the birth of the world working class: Accordingly, it can be seen that the working class was born from the first industrial revolution and developed with the development of large-scale industry. Therefore, in essence, they are both the product and the subject of large-scale industry, always holding an important position and an irreplaceable role in modern productive forces.

Creatively applying the theory of Marxism-Leninism to the conditions and circumstances of Vietnam, President Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Party of Vietnam always affirmed: “The Communist Party of Vietnam - the vanguard of the working class, at the same time the vanguard of the working people and the Vietnamese nation, the loyal representative of the interests of the working class, the working people and the entire nation, taking Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh thought as the ideological foundation, is the leading force of the State and society” (Clause 1, Article 4, Constitution 2013). Currently, the Vietnamese working class still carries within itself the common characteristics of the world working class.

In the context of the fourth industrial revolution that is covering the world and affecting all aspects of social life, from production to consumption in both positive and negative directions, the working class is not outside these impacts.Positive impact:Currently and in the future, many new professions are emerging, bringing opportunities for the working class to have better jobs, higher incomes and improved quality of life... The fourth industrial revolution also impacts and opens up opportunities for the working class to study and improve their qualifications, thereby increasing the number of intellectual workers, increasingly consolidating the status and nature of the working class.Negative impacts:The fourth industrial revolution has caused rapid changes in the economic structure of countries. Many traditional industries that employ a lot of workers are at risk of disappearing, or the demand for labor is decreasing due to the mass application of automation and robots. Many workers are at risk of unemployment, leading to an unstable life, poverty, a decline in confidence, class position, and most of all, indifference to politics, political status and the historical mission of the working class.

Chapter 3

IMPACT OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ON THE VIETNAMESE WORKING CLASS – MAIN MANIFESTATIONS AND ISSUES RAISED

3.1. Manifestations of the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class

3.1.1. Manifestations of the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the number and structure of the Vietnamese working class

One is,In the context of the fourth industrial revolution, the number of Vietnamese working class is still increasing.

Second,The fourth industrial revolution is creating changes in the structure of the Vietnamese working class.

On economic structure:State-owned enterprises are not yet sensitive to the market and the development of science and technology, and their management experience is not high and effective, so they are being surpassed by foreign-invested enterprises and non-state enterprises.

About industry structure:Vietnam's economic structure is shifting towards prioritizing industries with high knowledge content, moving towards a digital economy and digital technology..The economic restructuring process has directly impacted the structure of the Vietnamese working class, the demand for human resources is concentrated in the industrial and service sectors. Workers in these sectors have increased significantly, and decreased in the agricultural, forestry and fishery sectors.

Worker structure by gender:New professions require proficient skills such as consulting skills, communication, teamwork through the global internet... jobs that require dexterity, and especially emphasize knowledge and capacity such as: information technology, service industries, high-quality agriculture and industry... therefore, the number of female workers being used in various types of businesses is increasing. Moreover, the fourth industrial revolution is affecting the Vietnamese economy, developing new service industries and supporting industries such as: restaurants, hotels, banks... these are areas where many female workers are concentrated.

About the structure of workers by region:With proactive policies and strategies to participate in the fourth industrial revolution, many new industrial centers have emerged, concentrated in some provinces with convenient traffic terrain, close to large urban areas. On the contrary, in more complex terrain areas such as mountainous areas, remote areas, and islands... where ethnic minorities live, the economy is difficult and relatively slow to develop, attracting investment is very difficult. This is creating uneven socio-economic development in Vietnam, and creating an imbalance in the working class structure between regions.

3.1.2. Manifestations of the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the level (education, expertise, profession, ability to master scientific and technological knowledge...) of the Vietnamese working class

The fourth industrial revolution is affecting the professional, technical and vocational skills of the working class in both positive and negative directions. Faced with new requirements and demands, the Vietnamese working class is forced to improve its educational level and skills, and more importantly, the current favorable conditions of mechanisms, policies and materials, thereby making the team of intellectual workers increasingly develop and increase. On the contrary, with the current professional and educational level of the Vietnamese working class, the fourth industrial revolution is causing a part of Vietnamese workers to be at risk of losing their jobs, facing a difficult life in terms of material things, "lacking the Party, lacking the Union, and distancing themselves from politics".

3.1.3. Manifestations of the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the political qualities of the working class (class consciousness, awareness of historical mission...) of the Vietnamese working class

The rapid development of science, technology, market economy... has impacted and changed the consciousness and ideology of each worker. A part of the workers, only absorbed in production, indifferent to politics and not concerned about their class status. A part of the young workers, influenced by the negative side of science, technology, and market economy, imitate Western culture, promoting individualism and pragmatism. Another part, lost their ideological stance, became confused, wavered, their revolutionary ideals faded, and lost faith in the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam.

On the contrary, there is still a group of Vietnamese workers who live with ideals and knowledge, always believe in the guidelines of the Communist Party of Vietnam and are self-studying, improving their qualifications and abilities; actively learning about the requirements of businesses and the needs of the market for development.

3.2 Some issues arising from the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the current Vietnamese working class

3.2.1. The number of untrained workers in Vietnam is still very large while the fourth industrial revolution is requiring mainly knowledge workers.

In the current structure of the Vietnamese working class, the majority are young, low-skilled workers (only over 20% have basic training), and low wages... This shows that the quality of the Vietnamese workforce is generally low, with nearly 77% of the workforce lacking technical expertise. Furthermore, among the over 20% of workers with basic training, there are still shortcomings, shortcomings in the unreasonable training structure that cause the situation of "too many teachers and not enough workers", and our current highly skilled technical workforce is also very scarce.

Meanwhile, the fourth industrial revolution requires a developed knowledge economy, crystallizing in each product the knowledge and high creativity of humans. This is a problem, not only for the working class in particular, but also for the entire political system and society. Because this affects the speed of economic and social development; at the same time, it also affects the path to socialism in Vietnam.

3.2.2. Knowledge workers in Vietnam still lack soft skills while this is the main requirement of the fourth industrial revolution.

In today's society dominated by technology and knowledge, education and skills are only a necessary requirement for a job, while the sufficient requirement to become a knowledge worker is digital skills.

However, the Vietnamese working class is lacking these skills. According to a recent study by the Vietnam Institute of Educational Research, up to 83% of university graduates lack soft skills, of which 37% cannot find jobs due to the lack of necessary skills required by businesses. This shows that the team of intellectual workers providing the Vietnamese labor market today is seriously lacking in soft skills that the development of science and technology requires.

Moreover, a large number of Vietnamese workers come from farmers, in addition to being hard-working, diligent, and dedicated to their work, they do not have any of the soft skills required by the fourth industrial revolution. This is truly a difficult problem for Vietnam to solve at the present stage, when we are planning to transform to a digital economy, digital technology to develop a knowledge-based economy, and proactively grasp the fourth industrial revolution to create momentum for the development of the Vietnamese economy, building a solid material foundation and infrastructure for socialism.

3.2.3.The transition to a digital economy and digital technology has led to the emergence of many new professions with high knowledge content, which, on the one hand, is a good environment for the working class to develop. On the other hand, it is and will create a situationInequality in employment opportunities and income leads to a decline in confidence and revolutionary ideals within the working class.

The first,In this revolution, workers have the opportunity to have better jobs, with much better income than before.

The digital economy and digital technology not only promote employment in the information technology industry, but more importantly, also promote employment in industries using information technology as the number of businesses and freelance workers applying new technology increases. This brings great opportunities for the working class to access new, better jobs with higher incomes than the traditional outsourcing jobs of the past.

Monday,Science and technology development is also giving workers flexible time, the ability to fully develop their creativity and high income.

Experts now warn that as automation replaces humans across the economy, a large number of workers will be made redundant. This could lead to a narrowing of the gap between technology and knowledge, while the gap between employment and unemployment will widen, leading to deeper social divisions.

A part of workers, mainly blue-collar workers and manual laborers, will be eliminated or forced to work in positions and areas that do not require expertise or skills, with salaries much lower than those of intellectual workers. Therefore, the lives of this group of workers will become poor and precarious.

In contrast to that scenario, blue-collar, white-collar and high-tech workers will have more opportunities to get better jobs in the fourth industrial revolution. This is the reason why, now and in the near future, the gap between rich and poor within the working class will widen.

3.2.4. The fourth industrial revolution requires alliances and linkages, especially the core alliance between the working class, farmers and intellectuals to develop the economy, but this alliance has not yet been effectively promoted.

A characteristic of the fourth industrial revolution is the association and convergence of many industries to create optimal products and technological solutions. The association of technology requires the association of the working class; alliance, association to carry out political tasks, at the same time to develop the economy, improve life in a world where technology is dominant as it is today.

3.2.5. The fourth industrial revolution is taking place very quickly, requiring more and more knowledge workers, but planning and development orientation for the working class is still slow, lacking and unsynchronized.

After nearly 35 years of renovation and 14 years of implementing the Resolution of the 6th Central Committee of the 12th tenure of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the Vietnamese working class has developed rapidly and had positive changes in quality. The number of Vietnamese working class has continuously increased, professional skills and soft skills have been increasingly improved... class consciousness and political consciousness have been strengthened.

However, “…in practical activities as well as in awareness, many new issues have arisen regarding the position and role of the working class. The Party’s attention to leadership in building the working class has not been adequate, not on par with the position and role of the working class, and has not kept up with the requirements of the new period”. This is shown in that:

The firstCurrently, when the fourth industrial revolution takes place in the world, in Vietnam, our Party and State have from the beginning paid great attention and correctly identified the position and role of this revolution for the economic and national development.

Monday, in the latest draft document of the 13th National Congress, our Party affirmed that in the new period, we need to focus on the following three strategic breakthroughs: infrastructure, institutional improvement, and human resource development. High-quality human resources in general are a requirement for a digital economy and a knowledge-based economy today, in which the total human resources include the working class and the team of knowledge workers. Although it has set goals and proposed specific measures, up to now, our Party has not yet issued a specialized resolution on continuing to build and develop the Vietnamese working class in the context of the fourth industrial revolution.

Chapter 3 Summary

Although initially present in Vietnam, it can be said that the fourth industrial revolution is bringing about many changes, in which the Vietnamese working class will be forced to make many changes in the future. The fourth industrial revolution is having negative impacts on the Vietnamese working class such as: The Vietnamese working class is facing unemployment, social stratification within the working class, information technology is developing at a high level, non-traditional security is becoming a concern of the whole society, directly affecting national security and the working class, leading to a consequence that is the fading of revolutionary ideals, the gradual loss of class nature in the ideology of a part of the workers, not only traditional workers, blue-collar workers but this situation also occurs among the team of knowledge workers.

However, those negative impacts still contain positive elements; that is: the Vietnamese working class can absolutely have better jobs, higher incomes, and have more job choices in the future. In particular, they will see more clearly the position and role of their class in the cause of building and developing the country. The impacts of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class are posing some very urgent issues, requiring the Party and State to have appropriate and timely policies, guidelines, and strategies to solve and create development for the Vietnamese working class.

 

Chapter 4

MAIN VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE POSITIVE IMPACT AND LIMIT NEGATIVE IMPACT OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ON THE CURRENT VIETNAMESE WORKING CLASS

4.1. Viewpoints on promoting positive impacts, preventing and limiting negative impacts of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class

4.1.1. Focus on transforming the working class structure appropriately

Building and developing the Vietnamese working class must go hand in hand with transforming the working class structure towards modernity, meeting the demand for high-quality human resources for the Vietnamese labor market in the context of the fourth industrial revolution.

4.1.2. Focus on strengthening and developing the political qualities of the working class.

What determines the success of the cause of building socialism and communism? That is the historical mission of the Vietnamese working class, the class leading the revolution through the vanguard, the Communist Party of Vietnam; this is the natural choice of history and has been proven in practice. Therefore, strengthening the development of political ideology for the working class is an important task in the current period, when the fourth industrial revolution is impacting and causing extremely complex changes in society, thereby affecting the awareness and ideology of a part of the working class.

4.1.3. Focus on developing the worker-farmer-intellectual alliance in the fourth industrial revolution

The fourth industrial revolution is considered a revolution of convergence and savings, the convergence of cutting-edge technologies that provide solutions to save fuel, save human resources, save time, effort... To develop in a society whose basic characteristics are the links between the real world and the virtual world, between the digital world and the human world, the working class must be closely linked with other classes and strata, specifically the peasantry and the intellectuals.

4.1.4. Building and perfecting an overall strategy for developing a team of knowledge workers in the fourth industrial revolution

In the new context and situation, it is necessary to have a specific and clear viewpoint on the working class in the fourth industrial revolution: The connotation as well as the scope of the concept of the Vietnamese working class should be supplemented and expanded compared to the concept of the working class stated in the Resolution of the 6th Central Committee, Session X. Because the issues raised in the only thematic resolution on the working class since the comprehensive renovation of Vietnam up to now have many outdated points, not updated enough to provide the right direction for the current working class.

4.2. Some main solutions to promote positive impacts, prevent and limit negative impacts of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class

4.2.1. Innovating content and methods and enhancing creative elements in education and training to meet new requirements on qualifications and skills of the fourth industrial revolution

The first, include minimum digital skills and foreign language content in the general education program;

Monday, encourage new education and training models based on digital platforms;

Tuesday, develop forms of association between businesses and educational and training institutions;

Wednesday, develop international training linkages to form a team of international standard knowledge workers, global workers;

Thursday, strongly develop vocational training and support skills training for job conversion;

Friday, forming an open learning network in Vietnam.

4.2.2. Along with the national digital transformation process, it is necessary to combine attention with improving living standards, nurturing and cultivating revolutionary ideals for the working class.n

The first,There needs to be policies to support the working class in finding new jobs, while at the same time perfecting the social security system to ensure that the working class has a stable income and the ability to prevent, overcome and minimize risks.

Monday,Innovate the form of learning and political and ideological propaganda towards making the most of the achievements of modern science and technology.

To get official information to the working class as quickly as possible, it is necessary to maximize the role of Party organizations and the Youth Union in disseminating and orienting workers. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the knowledge and digital skills of cadres working in the Party and Youth Union, especially in foreign and private enterprises.

4.2.3. Develop specific policies and action programs to apply achievements of science and technology, encourage and promote models of alliances and development links.

The State needs to pay attention to orienting enterprises, attracting enterprises to invest in potential areas, grasping the strengths of each area to exploit and promote those strengths. Ensuring the harmony of interests between subjects, so that alliances and associations on the basis of mutually beneficial cooperation can develop sustainable and effective economic alliances. The State needs to act as an intermediary to properly resolve this relationship in the current period.

Not only political alliance, but also effective economic alliance will contribute to promoting economic development. Alliance, association to ensure product transparency, increase market confidence in products. At the same time, bring the brand, products of Vietnamese agricultural and industrial products to the world. Meet the requirements of the most demanding markets, bring high and stable income for workers, farmers, intellectuals and effective investment enterprises.

4.2.4. Optimally use modern technological tools to survey and investigate the current situation of the Vietnamese working class, on that basis, propose policies and strategies for the development of the Vietnamese working class in the fourth industrial revolution.

In addition to focusing on shifting the economic structure, building modern infrastructure and telecommunications facilities to move to a digital economy and digital technology, the Party and State need to have a strategy to develop the Vietnamese working class, gradually intellectualizing workers by 2045, including: First, clearly identifying which industries in the current economic structure are at risk of disappearing or having a decreasing demand for workers, and which industries tend to develop with an increasing demand for workers; Second, planning the workforce for the present and the future.

Theoretical and practical issues surrounding the working class are complex and in need of ideological orientation and development direction. Therefore, it is necessary to build a strategy to intellectualize workers from now until 2045 along with the proactive strategy to master the fourth industrial revolution that the Party and State put forward at the end of 2019.

Chapter 4 Summary

The fourth industrial revolution is and will impact the Vietnamese working class in both positive and negative ways. Therefore, to limit negative impacts and maximize positive impacts, it is necessary to thoroughly grasp the following basic viewpoints: First, focus on transforming the working class structure reasonably; second, focus on consolidating and developing the political qualities of the working class; third, focus on developing the worker-peasant-intellectual alliance in the fourth industrial revolution; fourth, build and perfect an overall strategy for developing a team of intellectual workers.

From those consistent viewpoints, it is necessary to deploy a combination of many solutions, focusing on the following four main groups of solutions: Innovating content, methods and enhancing creative factors in education and training to meet the new requirements on qualifications and skills of the fourth industrial revolution; Along with the national digital transformation process, it is necessary to combine attention, improve living standards, foster and cultivate revolutionary ideals for the working class; There should be specific policies and action programs to apply achievements of science and technology, encourage and promote models of alliances and development associations; Optimally use modern technological tools to survey and investigate the current situation of the Vietnamese working class, on that basis, to propose policies and strategies for the development of the Vietnamese working class in the fourth industrial revolution.

To develop a Vietnamese working class with professional skills, digital skills, strong political ideology, and class spirit, it is necessary to synchronously implement the basic viewpoints and groups of solutions mentioned above.

 

CONCLUDE

1. The working class and the historical mission of the working class are one of the fundamental contents and discoveries of Marxism. Marxism-Leninism has brought about a scientific and revolutionary worldview, serving as a compass for the working class around the world to gain victory and initially move forward to build socialism. Currently, the working class of all countries is still growing steadily. Along with the changing world context, the Vietnamese working class has also acquired many new characteristics, and is increasingly developing in both quantity and quality. It has been nearly 35 years since Vietnam carried out comprehensive national renovation, we have achieved many great achievements of historical significance in all fields from economics, politics to diplomacy. Through the Communist Party of Vietnam, the working class is still the leading class of the State and society, the main driving force of the cause of building and defending the Vietnamese Fatherland.

2. In the context of the fourth industrial revolution having a strong impact on the world economy, Vietnam has from the very beginning thoroughly grasped the viewpoint of being proactive and ready to welcome this revolution to create opportunities for the economy to break through and move forward. Under the impact of the fourth industrial revolution, Vietnam's economic structure is shifting, and along with that shift is the transformation of the working class.

3. The fourth industrial revolution has been and is affecting the Vietnamese working class, causing rapid changes in both quantity and quality. The impact process is taking place in both positive and negative directions. It is an intertwined process in which opportunities come with challenges, and sometimes challenges are opportunities for the development of the Vietnamese working class.

4. Based on the analysis of the initial impacts of the fourth industrial revolution on the Vietnamese working class, the thesis has pointed out the following issues that need to be resolved: The number of untrained workers in Vietnam is still very large while the fourth industrial revolution is mainly requiring knowledge workers; Knowledge workers in Vietnam still lack soft skills while this is the main requirement of the fourth industrial revolution; The transition to a digital economy and digital technology leads to the emergence of many new professions with high knowledge content, on the one hand, creating a good environment for the working class to develop. On the other hand, it is and will create inequality in employment opportunities and income, leading to a decline in confidence and revolutionary ideals within the working class; The fourth industrial revolution requires alliances and linkages, especially the core alliance between the working class, farmers and intellectuals to develop the economy, but this alliance has not yet been effectively promoted; The fourth industrial revolution is taking place very quickly, requiring more and more intellectual workers, but planning and development orientation for the working class are still slow, lacking and unsynchronized.

5. To solve the problems, limit the negative impacts and promote the positive impacts brought about by the fourth industrial revolution, the thesis puts forward the following viewpoints and orientations: Focus on transforming the working class structure reasonably; focus on consolidating and developing the political qualities of the working class; focus on developing the worker-farmer-intellectual alliance in the fourth industrial revolution; build and perfect the overall strategy for developing the team of intellectual workers.

6. Based on those consistent viewpoints, the thesis points out four main groups of solutions that need to be implemented synchronously in the coming time, namely:

1- Innovating content, methods and enhancing creative elements in education and training to meet new requirements on qualifications and skills of the fourth industrial revolution; 2- Along with the national digital transformation process, it is necessary to combine with attention, improving living standards, nurturing and cultivating revolutionary ideals for the working class; 3- There should be specific policies and action programs to apply achievements of science and technology, encourage and promote models of alliances and development associations; 4- Optimally using modern technological tools to survey and investigate the current situation of the Vietnamese working class, on that basis, to propose policies and strategies for developing the Vietnamese working class in the fourth industrial revolution;

Industrial revolutions in history have always brought opportunities and challenges to the world economy, but the most important thing is that the world economy has been growing, with unexpected breakthroughs in many fields. The development of science and technology always brings miraculous changes. If we know how to take advantage of and promote the positive impacts that this revolution brings, this will be an opportunity as well as a condition for the Vietnamese working class to develop, maintain its class nature, and be worthy of being the revolutionary leading class, through the vanguard, the Communist Party of Vietnam.