TTLA: Comparative study of Chinese empty words translated into Nom empty words in the Chinese-Nom bilingual work Truyen Ky Man Luc

1. Full name of the researcher: Washizawa Takuya 2. Gender: Male

3. Date of birth: May 23, 1989 4. Place of birth: Japan

5. Decision on recognition of PhD students No: 3126/2014/QD-XHNV-SDH, dated December 26, 2014

6. Changes in the training process:

- Adding a PhD thesis supervisor, No. 2519/QD-XHNV, August 9, 2016

- Extending the study period of PhD students of course QH-2014-X, No. 3549/QD-XHNV, December 29, 2017

7. Topic name: Comparative study of Chinese function words translated into Nom function words in Sino-Nom bilingual worksLegendary Romance

8. Major: Vietnamese Language 9. Code: 62 22 01 02

10. Scientific instructors: Professor, Dr. Nguyen Quang Hong, Dr. Nguyen Tuan Cuong

11. Summary of new results of the thesis:

- Statistics of Chinese function words translated into Nom with exact frequency in bilingual worksNew Compilation of Legendary Tales(hereinafter abbreviated as TBTKML).

- Clarify the characteristics of translation methods in TBTKML: fixed translation (literal translation) and flexible translation (idea translation).

- Find out some rules of different translations related to the context of function words in TBTKML.

- Identify the function of function wordssteamed; special function ofsteamedandplotwhen standing before the noun center.

- Identify some more Nom characters considered as function words in TBTKML.

- Identify the difference in translation trends between word classes.

- Clarify the phenomenon of "interference" in TBTKML and its importance in the history of Vietnamese language.

12. Practical application:

- Application for current Han - Nom translation.

- Application for teaching and learning Chinese characters, ancient Chinese script, Nom script and historical Vietnamese..

- Contribute to building an ancient Vietnamese dictionary.

- Application in learning about Vietnamese language and culture.

13. Further research directions:

- Learn about the development process of function words in the history of Vietnamese, specifically the process of grammaticalizing function words in Vietnamese today.

- Compare the translation in the phonetic texts.

14. Published works related to the thesis:

-「漢文-チュノム・ベトナム語対訳資料『傳奇漫録』解音における固定的な訳と例外的な訳: 『之』『於』『于』『夫』と虚詞chungを中心に [Fixed translation and exceptional translation in pronunciationLegendary Romanceis a document translating Chinese and Vietnamese Nom script: with a focus onchi, ư, vu, phuand empty wordssteamed]」『東京大学言語学論集 [Essay Collection of Linguistics University of Tokyo]』2016, 37:281-301.

- “A survey of the standardization process of translation in the text “decoding” and comparing it with “instruction” in Japanese”,Han Nom Magazine, 2017, No. 4 (143), pp. 17-23.

-「漢文-古ベトナム語対訳資料における虚詞chun gの用法の拡張：14世紀の『禅宗課虚語録』を中心に[The process of expanding the use of function wordssteamedin the document translating Chinese - ancient Vietnamese: with focus onZen's Empty Sayingsin the 14th century]」『アジア・アフリカ研究 [Asia-Africa Studies]』, 2017, 94, pp. 77-110.

-"General usage of function wordssteamedin the text of the pronunciationLegendary Romance"Han Nom Magazine, 2018, No. 3 (148), pp. 22-31.

- “Usage of the Grammatical WordPlotin the Chinese-Old Vietnamese Bilingual TextNew Compilation of Legendary Talesand Comparison with Other Documents [Using function words]plotin bilingual documents Chinese - ancient VietnameseNew Legendary Chroniclesand compare with other documents]” 『東京大学言語学論集 [Essay Collection of Linguistics University of Tokyo]』2018, 40: 275-293.

INFORMATION ON DOCTORAL THESIS

1. Full name: Takuya Washizawa 2. Sex: Male

3. Date of birth: May 23, 1989 4. Place of birth: Japan

5. Admission decision number: 3126/2014/QD-XHNV-SĐH, Dated December 26, 2014

6. Changes in academic process:

- Adding supervisor for doctoral thesis, number 2519/QD-XHNV, Dated August 9, 2016.

- Extending study period of Ph.D student in the class of QH-2014-X number 3549/QD-XHNV, Dated December 29, 2017

7. Official thesis title: Contrastive Study of Classical Chinese and Nom Vietnamese Grammatical Words and their Translation in the Bilingual TextStrange and romantic stories

8. Major: Vietnamese Linguistics 9.Code: 62 22 01 02

10. Supervisors: Prof. Dr.Sc. Nguyen Quang Hong, Ph.D Nguyen Tuan Cuong

11. Summary of the new findings of the thesis:

- Made a statistics showing every Classical Chinese grammar words are translated into which Nom Vietnamese words, with the exact numbers of usage, in the bilingual textNew Compilation of Legendary Tales(from now on abbreviate as TBTKML)

- Clarified characteristics of translation in TBTKML: fixed (literal) translation and flexible(free) translation.

- Discovered several rules of translation differently related to context of grammatical words in TBTKML.

- Found out demonstrative function of grammatical wordsteamed; demons trative function ofsteamedandplotwhen located before head of noun phrase.

- Considered several Vietnamese words that could be counted as grammatical words used in TBTKML.

- Found out difference of tendency in translation among parts of speech.

- Clarified about the “interference” in TBTKML and its significance in the history of the Vietnamese language.

12. Practical applicability, if any:

- Applied to contemporary Chinese – Vietnamese translation.

- Applied to teaching and learning Chinese characters, Classical Chinese, Nom characters, and historical Vietnamese language.

- Contribute to constructing Old Vietnamese dictionary.

- Applied to deeper understanding of Vietnamese language and culture.

13. Further research directions, if any:

- Research on changing process of grammatical words in the history of Vietnamese language. To be more concrete, the grammaticalizing process of what is now grammatical words in Vietnamese.

- Comparison of translating manner among bilingual documents.

14. Thesis-related publications:

-「漢文-チュノム・ベトナム語対訳資料『傳奇漫録』解音における固定的な訳と例外的な訳: 『之』『於』『于』『夫』と虚詞chungを中心に [Fixed and Exceptional Translations inLegendary RomancePhonetics, a Classical Chinese – Chữ Nôm Vietnamese Bilingual Document: Focusing onZhī, Yú, Yú, Fú, and the Functional WordSteamed]」『東京大学言語学論集 [Tokyo University Linguisic Papers]』2016, 37:281-301.

- “Study of standardization in translation in 'decipherment' in comparison with 'decoding' in Japanese”Han Nom Magazine[Han Nom Review], 2017, 4 (143), pp. 17-23.

-「漢文-古ベトナム語対訳資料における虚詞chun gの用法の拡張：14世紀の『禅宗課虚語録』を中心に[Extension of the grammatical word “chung” in Chinese–Old Vietnamese Bilingual Texts: Focusing on theZen's Empty Sayingsin the 14th Century]」『アジア・アフリカ研究 [Journal of Asian and African Studies]』, 2017, 94, pp. 77-110.

-"General usage of function wordssteamedin the text of the pronunciationLegendary Romance[On the use ofsteamed, the grammatical word inGiai Am Legend of the Condor Heroes]”Han Nom Magazine[Han Nom Review], 2018, 3 (148), pp. 22-31.

- “Usage of the Grammatical WordPlotin the Chinese-Old Vietnamese Bilingual TextNew Compilation of Legendary Talesand Comparison with Other Documents” 『東京大学言語学論集 [Tokyo University Linguisic Papers]』2018, 40: 275-293.