TYLA: Hai Phong City Party Committee led the transportation work during the years of fighting against the destructive war of American imperialism (1965 - 1972)

Author name:Pham Thi Thu Trang

Thesis title:Hai Phong City Party Committee led the transport work during the years of fighting against the destructive war of American imperialism (1965 - 1972)

Dissertation field: History

Specialized:History of the Communist Party of VietnamCode: 62 22 03 15

Name of training unit AfterDUniversity:University of Social Sciences and Humanities - Vietnam National University, Hanoi.

1. Purpose and research objects of the thesis

-Research purpose of the thesis:

Systematic and comprehensive research on policies and directions for transportation work of Hai Phong Party Committee from 1965 to 1972; highlighting advantages and limitations; thereby, drawing some historical experiences with reference value for the present.

- Research object of the thesis:

The thesis studies the policies and direction of the traffic work of the Hai Phong City Party Committee during the years of fighting against the US invasion (1965 - 1972).

2. Research methods used

Based on the methodology of Marxism - Leninism, the thesis uses a synthesis of research methods such as: historical method, logical method, comparative method, analytical method, synthesis, comparison, statistics... which are applied appropriately in solving the specific research contents of the thesis.

3. Main results and conclusions

3.1. Main results

- Clarify the characteristics and impacts of Hai Phong's natural, economic and social conditions on transportation work and the city's important strategic position in the US war plan as well as in Hai Phong's people's war strategy.

- Analyze, explain, and clarify the developments and changes in the policies and direction of the traffic work of the Hai Phong City Party Committee through two periods (1965 - 1968 and 1969 - 1972).

- Evaluate the advantages and limitations, draw some key experiences from the leadership of the traffic work of the Hai Phong City Party Committee in the years 1965 - 1972.

3.2. Conclusion

After researching the topic“Hai Phong Party Committee leads transportation work during the years of fighting against the destructive war of American imperialism (1965 - 1972)”, the thesis comes to the following conclusions:

- The years 1965 - 1972 were the period of the fiercest battle of wits and strength between the Vietnamese revolutionary forces and the US and its lackeys in the entire 21 years that Hai Phong and the whole country waged the resistance war. In the eyes of the US, Hai Phong was a key point of the CTPH war against the North. The success or failure of the attack and blockade of Hai Phong had a significant impact on the US's war plans in Vietnam. Sabotaging and destroying routes, vehicles, and transportation forces in Hai Phong was even more important to the US. Responding to the CTPH wars with the air force and the combat-ready navy, Hai Phong twice switched to wartime, carrying out the task of both building socialism and fighting to protect and support the front lines in the South, and the revolutions in Laos and Cambodia. Proposing policies and directing the successful implementation of transportation work is one of the important factors helping the Hai Phong Party Committee raise high the leadership flag and promote the strength of organizations and forces to defeat the two CTPHs, providing more and more human and material support to the great frontline, contributing to the South until the day of total victory.

In the process of leading the transport work, the Hai Phong Party Committee soon identified the important role of transport in production and combat: Transport is the link connecting production, combat and social life. It has a close relationship with all economic sectors, national defense and the material and spiritual life of the people. From there, the Party Committee thoroughly grasped the policy of the Party Central Committee and the Government, making the task of ensuring transport a central, urgent task of strategic nature for the entire Party, the entire army and the entire people. Combining the application of the people's war policy against the CTPH, clearly recognizing the important strategic position of the city, especially in maintaining the normal operation of the Port, ensuring smooth transport in all situations, the Hai Phong Party Committee mobilized all levels, all sectors, all forces and the entire people to do transport work, considering ensuring transport and ensuring the continuous operation of the Port as the number 1 central, urgent task of the City. This is the greatest ideology, guiding the policies, measures and directions for implementing the Party Committee's transportation work.

- From 1965 to 1972, the leadership of the Hai Phong Party Committee in the field of transport revealed many advantages: First, the Party Committee promptly and fully grasped the Party's policies on transport on the basis of understanding the specific characteristics of the City. Second, the Party Committee knew how to rely on the people, mobilize the people's strength, and at the same time always ensure the leadership of Party committees at all levels in organizing and implementing transport work. Third, the Party Committee focused on directing and coordinating closely between relevant departments and the Central Government, and between forces working on transport work. Fourth, the Party Committee's leadership of transport work in the period of 1969 - 1972 had both inheritance and development compared to the period of 1965 - 1968. The above advantages stemmed from the fact that the Party Committee thoroughly grasped the Party's guidelines in the specific situation of the locality; From there, many policies were put forward that were suitable to the historical circumstances of the City. At the same time, the Party Committee also mobilized the strength of the entire army and people in the fight against the US imperialism, determined to ensure traffic in all situations.

- However, in addition to the advantages, the process of leading the transport work of the Hai Phong Party Committee in the years 1965 - 1972 revealed some limitations, shown in the following aspects: the process of directing the transport sector was sometimes not close to reality, confused, passive, leading to many losses on the transport front; the direction was not resolute and timely in strengthening the transport sector's facilities, equipment, and materials when needed; the city Party Committee sometimes failed to promptly detect signs of violations in economic management and take measures to prevent and handle them thoroughly. Regardless of objective or subjective reasons, these limitations have led to some difficulties and inadequacies in directing the implementation of transport work of the Hai Phong Party Committee.

- From the process of leading the transport work of the Hai Phong Party Committee in the period of 1965 - 1972, we can draw some experiences, which are: First, fully aware of the important role of transport and raise the determination to lead this work well. Second, clearly understand and accurately analyze the specific characteristics of the City and of transport work during wartime to propose appropriate policies. Third, flexibly and creatively apply the people's war policy on the basis of promoting the strength of the entire people. Fourth, resolve the relationship between the factors that determine the effectiveness of transport work.

In the current cause of national construction and defense, the requirement for the army and people of the whole country, including large, populous cities with large industrial zones such as Hai Phong, is to be ready and determined to defeat all forms of enemy invasion. Especially when the world situation is increasingly complicated, it is posing many issues that need attention, research, and drawing on historical experiences of the Party's leadership on all fronts, including transportation during the period of fighting against the US to save the country, to apply in practice, proactively cope with and adapt to all possible situations.

                                                                 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS

The author's name: Pham Thi Thu Trang

Thesis title:Hai Phong Party Committee led the transportation in the years of against the destructive war of the US imperialism (1965 - 1972)

Scientific branch of the thesis:History

Major:History of the Vietnam Communist PartyCode: 62 22 03 15

1. Thesis purpose and objectives

-Thesis purpose:

The thesis researches scientifically and comprehensively about guidelines and directions for the transport works of the Hai Phong Party Committee from 1965 to 1972; highlight the advantages and limitations; Thereby, drawing some historical experiences are a worth reference for the present.

- Thesis objectives:

The thesis studies the policy and the direction of the Transportation work of the Hai Phong Party Committee in the years against American destructive war (1965 – 1972).

2. Research methods

Based on the methodology of Marxism - Leninism, the thesis uses a combination of research methods such as historical method, logical method, comparative method, analytical method, synthesis, and collation. , statistics ... are applied appropriately in solving specific research contents of the thesis.

3. Major results and conclusions

3.1. Major results

- Clarify characteristics and impacts from the natural, socio-economic conditions of Hai Phong to transportation and the important strategic position of the city in the US war plan as well as in the war posture. people of Hai Phong.

- Analyzing, interpreting and clarifying development steps, changes in guidelines and direction of transport work of Hai Phong City Party Committee through two stages (1965 - 1968 and 1969 - 1972).

- Evaluating the advantages, limitations, drawing some key experiences from the process of transport leadership of Hai Phong City Party Committee in 1965 - 1972.

3.2. Conclusions 

After studying the topic “Hai Phong Party Committee led the transportation activities in the years against the destructive war of the US imperialism (1965 - 1972)”, the thesis came to the following conclusions:

- The years 1965 - 1972 were the period where the mind and force between the Vietnamese revolutionary forces and the US and henchmen were the most drastic in the whole 21 years of Hai Phong and whole Vietnam waged a resistance war. In the perspectives of the United States, Hai Phong was a focal point of the destructive war towards the North, the success and failure when conducting the raid and blockade of Hai Phong had a significant influence on the US war plans in Vietnam. Destroying roads, vehicles, and transport forces in Hai Phong are the main purpose of the US. In response to the destructive war by the air force and the navy, Hai Phong twice turned to wartime, performing the task of both buildings up socialism, fighting for protection, and supporting the South's frontline, Laos and Cambodia. Setting guidelines and directing the successful implementation of transport work is one of the important factors helping Hai Phong Party Committee to raise the leadership and promote the strength of organizations and forces to defeat two destructive wars and also strengthen more and more people and resources for the frontline, contributing to the South to the day of victory.

During the process of the leadership of transportation, Hai Phong Party Committee has determined the important role of transport in production and combat: Transport is the link between production activities, fighting, and social life. It has a close relation to all economic sectors, national defense and material and spiritual life of the people. Since then, the Party thoroughly grasped the policy of the Party Central Committee, the Government set the task of ensuring that the Transportation is an unexpected, focused strategy of the entire Party, the army and the entire people. Combining the application of the people's war against anti-corruption, noting the important strategic position of the city, especially in maintaining the normal operation of the Port, ensuring smooth transportation in all situations, the Party Hai Phong Ministry has launched all levels, all branches, all forces and the entire population to work on transportation, considering ensuring transportation and ensuring the continuous operation of the Port as the first extraordinary center of the City. This is the largest ideology, orientation for guidelines, measures and directing the implementation of the Party's transportation work.

- From 1965 to 1972, the leadership of the Hai Phong Party Committee for the transport work revealed many advantages:Firstly, the Party Committee has grasped promptly and fully the Party's guidelines on transportation on the basis of firmly grasping the specific characteristics of the City.Secondly, the Party has known to rely on the people, mobilize the people, and at the same time ensure the leadership of the party committees in organizing the implementation of transportation.Third,the Party Committee has focused on directing close coordination between the relevant departments and the Central Government, between the forces engaged in transport work.Fourthly, the leadership of the Party's transportation work in the period of 1969 - 1972 has both the inheritance and the development steps compared to the period of 1965 - 1968. The above stem advantages from the Party's in-depth insight into the Party's policies into the local situation; Since then, many guidelines have been made suitable to the historical circumstances of the City. At the same time, the Party Committee also mobilized the strength of the entire army and people in the fight against the American sabotage war, determined to ensure transportation in all situations.

- However, besides the advantages, the process of transport leadership of Hai Phong Party Committee in the years of 1965 - 1972 revealed a number of limitations, reflected in some aspects: the process of directing the dual transport industry when it was not close to reality, embarrassed, passive, leading to losses on the transport front; The direction has not been drastic and timely on strengthening infrastructure, equipment and materials for transportation industry as needed; The city's Party Committee has at times not promptly detected signs of violations in economic management work and has taken measures to prevent and handle definitely. Whether due to objective or subjective, these limitations have led to a number of difficulties and disadvantages while directing the implementation of the transportation work of the Hai Phong Party Committee.

- During the period of 1965 – 1972 the leadership of Hai Phong Party Committee in the transportation, some experiences can be drawn, namely:Firstly, be fully aware of the important role of transportation and raise the determination to lead this work well.Secondly, understand and accurately analyze the specific characteristics of the City, the work of transport in wartime to devise appropriate guidelines.Third, flexibly and creatively apply the people's war policy on the basis of promoting the strength of the entire people.Fourthly, solve the relationship between the determinants of the efficiency of transportation.

In the current cause of building and defending the Motherland, the requirements imposed on the army and the people of the whole country, including big cities, densely populated cities and large industrial zones like Hai Phong, is to be willing and determined to defeat any form of a war of aggression by the enemy. Especially when the world situation is increasingly more and more complicated. It is raising many issues to be considered, studied, and learned from the historical experience of the Party's leadership on all fronts. Including transportation during the period of anti-American invasion to apply in practice, proactively cope with and adapt to every possible situation.