TTLA: The Four Books and Five Classics in the Chinese Character Education Reform Program 1906 - 1919

Author name:Le Van Cuong

Thesis title:The Four Books and Five Classics in the Chinese education reform program 1906 - 1919

Dissertation field: Han Nom

Specialized:Han NomCode:62.22.01.04

Name of Postgraduate training unit:University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi.

1. Purpose and research objects of the thesis

-Research purpose: StudyFour Books, Five Classicsin the reform program of Chinese education and examinations 1906 - 1919. This study aims to determine the subject division and hierarchy through the learning and testing methods of the reform program of Chinese education and examinations; The thesis aims to determineFour Books, Five Classicsbelongs to the Chinese literature (Chinese characters) section of the program, withFour Booksarranged to teach at the Primary and Secondary levelsPentateucharranged to teach at secondary level; from there the thesis proves the method of compiling textbooks for all levels of education.

-Research object: The research object is based on 2 documents compiled during the period of reforming education and examinations in Chinese characters:

1. 小學四書節略Elementary School Four Books Summary, Doan Trien 段展 edited. Do Van Tam 杜文心 edited. Chinese book, handwritten, total 168 pages, code: A2607.

2. 中學五經撮要High School Five Classics Summary. Currently stored at the Institute of Han Nom Studies, with the code A.2608/2. The book was compiled by Duong Lam (1851 - 1920) and Nguyen Trung Khuyen. Reviewed by Do Van Tam.

2. Research methods used

- Method of researching Han Nom texts

- Research methods of Han Nom literature

- Quantitative statistical analysis method

- Structural method, comparison, contrast

- Interdisciplinary research methods

3. Main results and conclusions

3.1. Main results

- Overview of the history of research on issues related to reforming education and examinations and research onFour Books, Five Classicsin the reform program of education and examinations from many different perspectives.

- The thesis contributes to clarifying the nature and basic characteristics of the reform program of education and examination, which is the division and hierarchy of the program, in which learning and testing are two basic contents.

- The thesis contributes to clarifying the characteristics of the program's sub-discipline and hierarchy, in which the sub-discipline is expressed in the aspects of the sub-disciplines of aphorism ethics and literary ethics.

- The thesis contributes to clarifying the role, nature and tasks of the "textbook" set.Four Books, Five Classicsin the overall program of the reformed examination. With the re-compilation method in a concise and summary manner, it makesFour Books, Five Classicsmeet the requirements and regulations of the program.

3.2. Conclusion

1. The reform program of education and examination (1906 - 1919) was a transition program from the Tu Chuong and Thien Thanh examinations that had taken place in Vietnam for over 800 years to a new stage, which was modern general education. The reformed examinations can be considered an important turning point in the history of Vietnamese education. The reform program of education and examinations, along with the French-Vietnamese educational system, was an important stepping stone, laying the foundation for modern general education later on.

2. With the demands and tasks set forth by the requirements of the reformed education program, it is necessary to change the learning method to suit the set program, in which Chinese education is still considered an important part of the overall program, which is specified by three basic types of teaching regulations: Chinese teaching regulations, Southern teaching regulations and French teaching regulations. In this program, teaching methods are implemented according to the system of subjects and levels. The nature of subjects forFour Books, Five Classicsis classified into the categories of ethics and literature, and the hierarchy is at the primary and secondary levels. Therefore, the characteristic of the reformed imperial examination education program is the subject division and hierarchy of the program.

3. From the changes in the learning method leads to changes in the examination method of the entire program. However, in terms of examination method, due to the framework of the thesis, we only briefly go into the main points in this content. In the reformed examination program, regarding the examination method, there are the graduation exam for the primary school level; the graduation exam for the secondary school level; the provincial examination method; the national examination method. However, a notable point is that in the provincial examination and the national examination, there is no longer an examination on the classics and poetry, but only on literature and essays, thus reducing the natural and natural meaning of the examination.Four BooksandFive Classics.

4. The reform program of the imperial examination system has the basic characteristic of subject division and hierarchy prescribed by the program. Therefore, it leads toFour Booksoriented to the subject of Aphoristic Ethics;Pentateuchclassified by ethics and literature.Four Books“Ethical aphorisms” (Good sayings about ethics) are determined in the relationship of ethics (three bonds, five constants, five relationships). From such subject orientations, textbooks are also newly compiled to suit the actual situation. That new compilation method has been implemented according to the method of Summary forFourUhat primary level. Thus, the textbook "Elementary School Four Books Summary" edited by Doan Trien Phung and reviewed by Do Van Tam was compiled immediately afterwards. That compilation method was implemented on two aspects: summary and glossary, in which withUniversityandModeratesimplified toAnalectsandMenciusbe edited

5.Pentateuchfor secondary level in the reformed imperial examination program is compiled in a simplified summary method. The subject is divided in the direction of literary ethics; taught at secondary level "Five Classics High School Summary”. The above two aspects focus on teaching methods. Compiling Chinese textbooks, or in other words, the method of restructuring them into a book according to the simplified summary method in the reform program of Chinese education and examinations from 1906 to 1919. The studies here show that the textbook writers focus on teaching methods, aiming to serve the learning and testing methods in the entire program.

6. Thesis with the scope of research is researchFour Books, Five Classicsin the reform program of education and examinations. The scope of the documents is also limited to the documents compiled during this period, includingFour Books, Five ClassicsIn this phase, the thesis focuses on research. Also related to the issue of research scope, in terms of teaching methods in this program, the thesis basically exploits many aspects, but with the examination method due to the framework of the thesis, we initially outline a few basic points as well as a few other issues that have not been mentioned. Therefore, this is also an open direction for us to continue researching later.

EXCITING DOCTOR DISSERTATION

Author's name:Le Van Cuong

Name of the thesis:Tu thu , Ngu Kinh in the program of reforming education of Han from 1906 to 1919

The science of the thesis:Han Nom

Major:Han NomCode:62.22.01.04

Name of graduate training institution:University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi National University

1. Objectives and objects of the thesis

- Purpose of the study: Study of Tu Thu, Ngu Kinh in the program of reforming education of Han from 1906 to 1919. This study aims to determine the subjectivity and decentralization through the study and practice of the program of reforming education. The thesis aims at identifying Tu thu, Ngu Kinh belonging to of Han writing (Han) in the program, of those Tu thu is arranged to be taught at the elementary school level and Ngu Kinh is arranged at secondary school level; Thus, the thesis proves the method of textbook for all levels.

- Objects of study: The research's object is based on two documents compiled during the reforming period of education curriculum.

1. 小學 四 書 節 略Elementary school level Clan, 段 Doan Trien compiled. Edited by Van Tam 杜文心. Han handwriting totals 168 pages, denoted A2607.

2. 中學 五 經 撮要. Secondary Ngu Kinh compendium currently stored at the Institute of Han Nom studies, denoted A.2608 / 2. Book by Duong Lam (1851 - 1920) and Nguyen Trung Khuyen compiled. Edited by Van Tam.

2. The research methods

- Han Nom script writing method

- Han Nom language method

- Quantitative statistical analysis method

- Methods of structure and comparison method

- Interdisciplinary method

3. Main results and conclusions

3.1. Main results

- An overview of research issues related to the reforming education program and the study of Tu thu, Ngu Kinh in the reforming education program of at various aspects.

- The thesis contributes to clarify the nature and characteristics of the curriculum reforming program. It is the division and decentralization of the program, in which the study and the test are the two main contents.

- The thesis contributes to the characterization and decentralization of the program, in which dichotomy is expressed in terms of morality and literary ethics.

- The thesis contributes to clarify the role, nature and tasks of the text book set of Tu thu, Ngu Kinh in the whole program of the reforming program. With compilation in the way of summary and compendium Tu thu, Ngu Kinh meets the requirements of the program.

3.2. Conclude

1. The reforming education program (1906 - 1919) is a transitional program from the Faculty of judgment which has taken place in Vietnam over 800 years to a new period of modern access education. The reformin of education can be considered as an important turning stage in the history of education in Vietnam. The reforming education program in parallel with the system of French-Vietnamese schools is an important step, laying the foundations for modern access education later.

2. With the requirements and tasks set out in the requirements of the reforming education program, it is necessary to make changes to the curriculum in accordance with the curriculum, in which the education of Han study is still considered to be an integral part of the overall program, which is substantiated by three basic kinds of rules, namely, Han teachings, Nom teachings and the French teachings. In this program, teaching methodology is implemented according to the classification system. The quintessence of Tu thu, Ngu Kinh is classified as moral, literary and decentralization at the elementary and secondary levels. Therefore, the characteristics of the reform is the curriculum division and decentralization of the program.

3. The changes in learning lead to changes in the testing of the entire program. However, in the context of examinations, due to the framework of the thesis we focus on the main points. In the reforming education program, for examinations in which the graduation exam graduated elementary level, secondary level; Huong examinations and Hoi examinations. The remarkable point at the Huong and the Hoi contests there is no literary and poetry contest, but only the text and the essay, thus reducing the geopolitical nature of the Tu thu, Ngu Kinh.

4. The reforming education program is characterized by the division and decentralization of the program. Thus, Tu thu is directed to aphorism. Ngu Kinh is composed according to moral, literary. Tu thu namely "Moral Proverbs" are defined in the relation of moral obligations (the triathlon, the five constant virtues, the five moral obligations). From such pedagogical orientations, textbooks are also compiled to be suitable the actual situation. The new compilation method was implemented in Tu thu for elementary. Thus, the textbook "Elementary school level Clan" by Doan Trien compiled and Do Van Tam edited thereafter. The method of compilation is implemented in two aspects: the general and the lexical, in which Dai Hoc and Trung Trung were had been simplified, while Luan ngu and Manh Tu had been compiled.

5. Ngu Kinh for the reforming education program was compiled in a simple and comprehensive manner. Classification in the direction of literary ethics; taught at the secondary school level "Secondary Ngu Kinh compendium". These two aspects focused in terms of theology. Compilation of Han textbooks or in other words the method of refactoring the letter in the form of compendium in the program of reforming Han education from 1906 to 1919. The studies show that textbooks compilers focussed on teaching methods, which serves as a basis for learning and testing throughout the program.

6. The thesis on the scope of research is the study of Tu Thu, Ngu Kinh in the program of reforming education. Reference materials located on which compiled during this period, in which Tu thu, Ngu Kinh at this stage are focused on research. Also related to the scope of research, in terms of teaching methodology in this program, the basic thesis is exploited in many aspects, but with the test of the framework of the thesis, we initially identify some basic points whereas some other issues will not be addressed. Therefore, this is also the direction for us to continue to study later.