TTLA: Research on the method of translating the meaning in questions from German to Vietnamese (based on literary translation data)

1. Full name of the researcher: Le Thi Bich Thuy2. Sex: Female

3. Date of birth: 14/08/1978                                                4. Place of birth: Nam Dinh

5. Decision on recognition of PhD student No.: 4618/2016/QD-XHNV, dated December 29, 2016 of the President of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi.

6. Changes in the training process:

(record the forms of change and the corresponding time)

7. Thesis topic name: Research on the method of translating the meaning in questions from German to Vietnamese (based on literary translation data)

8. Major: Comparative linguistics,9. Code: 62 22 02 41

10. Scientific guidance officer: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lam Quang Dong, Dr. Le Tuyet Nga

11. Summary of new results of the thesis (no more than 1 page)

- According to the survey, there are four groups of mechanisms for creating conventional implications in German questions:direct expression,actual verbs indicating the speaker's attitude,social direct expressionandsyntax; mechanisms for generating conversational implications includecomplyandViolation of the principles of cooperation and dialogue, which mainly violates the maxim of Quality.

- The three groups of meanings that appear through the above mechanisms are: the speaker's expectation or suggestion towards the listener; the speaker's attitude towards the listener/third person; the speaker's attitude towards what is said.

- Implicature translation methods include:using particles/adverbs/conjunctions/interjections, semantic change, grammatical change,translate questions without using interrogative pronouns/ interrogative adverbs/ interrogative agentsandliteral translation.

- According to the two criteria that the thesis has proposed to criticize translation:implicationandlanguage standards, the two translations examined in the thesis received positive evaluation results, both from the researchers, from translation experts as well as from the testers.

12. Ability to apply in practice (if any):

The research results can be used as useful reference materials for translation work in general and literary translation in particular. Pointing out the specific mechanisms of creating implications in German questions, especially the mechanism of creating conventional implications, will help translators better understand the conventional connotations of discourse-directed expressions, social-directed expressions, etc., thereby being able to apply appropriate translation methods to convey those implications into Vietnamese. The results of the evaluation of implicature translation options suggest a new way of evaluating in an experimental direction with the participation of readers of both source and target languages. In addition, these research results are also very meaningful for teaching Translation for the German-Vietnamese language pair. Lecturers can use the research results to teach courses.Literary translation,Translation analysis, evaluation, etc.

13. Further research directions(if any):

The topic can open up the following further directions:

- Research on implications and how to translate implications in other types of sentences from German into Vietnamese

- When evaluating a translation: In addition to the criteria of "implicity" and "linguistic standards", many other aspects can be considered to obtain comprehensive and highly convincing criticism results; invite more translation experts to participate in evaluating the translation to get a multi-dimensional view from many groups of evaluators; interview the translator directly to resolve some problems as well as better understand the reasons for choosing how to handle problems arising related to implicature.

14. Published works related to the thesis:

1. Le Thi Bich Thuy (2018), “Try to apply Gerzymisch-Arbogast's translation model in evaluating the implications of the translations of The Big Lady Comes Home and The Billionaire Comes Home”,Language(12), pp. 58-74.
2. Le Thi Bich Thuy (2018), “Method of translating the meaning in questions from German to Vietnamese”,Foreign Research Center, Vol. 34 (6), pp. 111-125.
3. Le Thi Bich Thuy (2018), “Conventional implications in German questions - expression methods and equivalent expressions in Vietnamese (Survey of the work “Der Besuch der alten Dame” and its translations)”,Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol. 4 (1b), pp. 107-125.
4. Le Thi Bich Thuy (2018), “Introducing some views on German translation criticism”,Proceedings of the International Conference on Vietnamese Linguistics - Stages of development and international integration, Information and Communication Publishing House, Da Nang, pp. 981-990.
5. Le Thi Bich Thuy (2019), “Research methods in interdisciplinary linguistics (considering an example of a specific topic)”,Proceedings of the 2019 National Scientific Conference - Research and Teaching of Foreign Languages, Linguistics, International Studies in Vietnam, Hanoi National University Publishing House, pp. 500-510.
6. Le Thi Bich Thuy (2019), “Conversational Implicatures in German Questions (based on a survey of the work “The Billionaire Lady Returns to Her Hometown”),Proceedings of the 5th International Scientific Conference - German Language Education in East (South) Asia - Sustainable Development and Quality Assurance, Ho Chi Minh City National University Publishing House, pp. 106-115.

INFORMATION ON DOCTORAL THESIS

1. Full name: Le Thi Bich Thuy2. Sex: Female

3. Date of birth: 14.08.19784. Place of birth: Nam Dinh

5. Admission decision number: 4618/2016/QD-XHNV, December 29, 2016 of The Rector of The University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University Hanoi.

6. Changes in academic process:

7. Official thesis title: Research on methods for translating implicatures in questions from German to Vietnamese (based on literary translations)

8. Major: comparative-contrastive linguistics9. Code: 62 22 02 41

10. Supervisors: Assoc. Dr. Lam Quang Dong/Dr. Le Tuyet Nga

11. Summary of the new findings of the thesis:

- There are four groups of words and constructions that contribute to conventional implicatures in questions in German, namely: discourse deitic expressions, expressive modifiers, social deitic expressions and syntactic constructions. Conversational implicatures found in questions include interlocutors' observation or violation of the cooperative principle and conversational maxims, especially the Quality maxim.

- Three groups of meanings generated by such mechanisms are the speaker's expectations or suggestions to the listener, the speaker's attitudes to the listener or to a third person, the speaker's attitudes to what is said.

- The methods used to transfer implicatures in questions from German to Vietnamese include the utilization of particles/ adverbs/ conjunctions/ interjections; transformation semantics; grammatical transformations; questions without question words (eg WH-words)/ adverbs/ particles; and literal translation.

- Applying two among various criteria for translation evaluation, namely implicatures and linguistic standards, to the assessment of the two Vietnamese versions of the play investigated in the study, all the researchers, translation experts and informants offer positive feedback to the two Vietnamese versions.

12. Practical applicability, if any:

The results of this thesis can be used as useful materials for translation in general and literature translation in particular. Showing concrete signals of implicatures, especially conventional implicatures will help translators understand implicit meaning of discourse and social deixis expressions, ect., so that they can apply suitable methods to translate implicatures to Vietnamese. The translation accessment used in this research implies an empirical evaluation with the participation of readers in both source and target languages. In addition, the research results are also useful for teaching translation for the language pair German – Vietnamese, for example for teaching “literature translation”, “translation accessment”, ect.

13. Further research direction, if any:

- Implicatures and methods of translating implicatures in other types of sentences (not only questions) from German to Vietnamese

- Related to translation accessment: not only “implicature” and “linguistic norm”, but also other aspects can be considered to obtain comprehensive and persuative criticism; more translation experts should be invited to take part in the translation accessment in order to get multidimensional views from test persons; researcher should interview the translators to know the reasons for choosing the solution to the problems related to implicatures ect.

14. Thesis-related publications:

1. Le Thi Bich Thuy (2018a), “Gerzymisch-Arbogast`s Model of Translation criticism for Assessment of Implicature by means of two translation versions “Three cans of greed” and “Three ty phu ve greed que””,Journal of Linguistics(12), pp. 58-74.

1. Le Thi Bich Thuy (2018b), “Methods for Translating implicatures in questions from German into Vietnamese”,VNU Journal of Foreign Studies, Vol. 34 (6), pp. 111-125.
2. Le Thi Bich Thuy (2018c), “Conventional Impilcatures in German question – expressions and equivalent expressions in Vietnamese (based on the drama “Der Besuch der alten Dame” and its translations - an exemplary research)”VNU Journal of Social Science and Humanitis, Vol 4 (1b), pp. 107-125.
3. Le Thi Bich Thuy (2018d), “Translation Criticism of German researchers - An Introduction”,International Conference Proceedings Linguistics in Vietnam - the stages of development and international integration, Publishing Information and Communication, Da Nang, pp. 981-990.
4. Le Thi Bich Thuy (2019), “Research methods in Interdisciplinary Linguistics (a concrete these as an example)”,National Science Conference Proceedings 2019 -Researching and Teaching Foreign Languages, Linguistics, International Studies in Vietnam,Publishing Vietnam National University Hanoi, pp. 500-510.
5. Le Thi Bich Thuy (2019), “Conversational Impilcatures in German questions (using the example of the drama „The Visit“)”,Proceedingsof the^5thInternationalScience Conference- Teaching German in (South)East Asia

Sustainable development and quality accreditation,Publishing Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh, pp. 106-115.