1. Urgency of the topic
In recent decades, the difficulties, limitations, and even failures of centralized, bureaucratic subsidized state models (in socialist countries), of the Neo-Liberal state (in capitalist countries), of the welfare state (in countries following the social democratic model); the "rise" of states in East Asia, etc. have raised the need for research on state models, especially the role of the state in social development (in a broad sense), especially social development (in a broad sense) towards sustainable development (SD). Therefore, one of the focuses of state studies in the world today is: The role, functions, and tasks of the state in SD and what the state should do and how to promote social development. Or what is a developmental state (DSP), what is sustainable DSP?
In Vietnam, after nearly 35 years of renovation, there have been important steps of transition from a centralized, bureaucratic subsidized state to a rule-of-law state, gradually adapting and meeting the requirements of developing a socialist-oriented market economy and now creating economic and social development. The results, limitations and issues raised in how the State can both respect the objective laws of the market, ensure socialist orientation and overcome and minimize the negative impacts of the negative side of the market mechanism; both meet the requirements of economic development and ensure social security, build new socialist people, an advanced culture imbued with national identity; protect the environment; etc. have raised the requirement of searching, selecting and building the State in a new way.
In that context and from the foreign research of Vu Minh Khuong in the article "Vietnam faces the challenge of building a developmental state" (Tuanvietnam.net, May 2009); the affirmation of Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc: "A developmental government is a government that proactively designs policies and laws for the country to develop", from here the term "NNKTPT" is more noticed in Vietnam.
From the above idea, in recent years, the issue of NNKTDT, building and implementing NNKTDT in the country has been attracting the attention of both researchers and practitioners in Vietnam in different scientific fields (philosophy; sociology; economics; political science, etc.) to clarify the main content: What is NNKTDT? What is the context and time of its birth? What are the contents, forms and methods of promoting social development of NNKTDT? How does the State promote its proactive role in promoting development and especially promoting development in market economic conditions?
If the issue of sustainable development has been studied and initially implemented in Vietnam, the issue of sustainable development has become even more novel and complicated. If sustainable development, as domestic and foreign studies have shown, has more or less had practice and experience from many countries and has been summarized by researchers, then what is sustainable development; is it just a supplement to the object of impact (PTBV) of sustainable development or does sustainable development have its own connotation? and does sustainable development exist in Vietnam; how does sustainable development in Vietnam affect the development of Vietnam in the context of accelerating industrialization, modernization and international integration; what reforms does the State in Vietnam (at the central, local and grassroots levels) currently need to have to become sustainable development; etc. are still gaps that need to be researched.
Ha Tinh province (case study) is also affected by the above situation. However, in reality, the province is still limited in terms of strategic vision, forecasting, planning, policy making, creating an environment for socio-economic development; human resources; investment attraction; competitiveness; sustainable employment; social security; the relationship between economic development and environmental protection... How to promote achievements, overcome difficulties, seize opportunities, overcome challenges to effectively build and implement NNKTPTBV in Ha Tinh province, etc.; suggest for localities or the whole country is a fundamental, urgent issue (theoretical, practical) that needs to be researched and clarified.
The content that needs to be focused on here is the role (impact) of the State on sustainable development in Vietnam, including Ha Tinh province; the contents on NNKTPT and PTBV, because they have been studied by many works, are only researched at the necessary level, to focus more on solving the impact (through solving the relationship) between NNKTPT and PTBV in Vietnam. Moreover, up to now, from the perspective of political science, there has not been any work that systematically and directly researches the issue of NNKTPTTBV, including the issue of the role of NNKTPTTBV (case study of Ha Tinh province).
For the above reasons, I chose the topic: "The role of the state in creating sustainable development in Vietnam - a case study of Ha Tinh province”,doing his PhD thesis in Political Science.
2. Purpose and research tasks of the thesis
2.1. Research objectives of the thesis
On the basis of clarifying theoretical issues on the role of the state in creating sustainable development; the current status of implementing the role of the state in creating sustainable development in the case study of Ha Tinh province; the thesis proposes solutions to effectively implement the role of the state in creating sustainable development in Vietnam today.
2.2. Research tasks of the thesis
One is,Overview of research results related to the topic and thesis issues that need to be researched on the role of the state in creating sustainable development in general and in Vietnam (including Ha Tinh province) in particular.Second,clarify theoretical issues on sustainable development, sustainable development, sustainable development of the state in general and in Vietnam in particular.Third,Survey and analyze the role of the state in creating sustainable development based on the reality of Ha Tinh province and suggestions for the whole country from this locality.Four is,Propose solutions to effectively implement the role of the state in creating sustainable development in Vietnam today.
3.Object and scope of researchof the thesis
3.1.Research objectof the thesis
Characteristics and content of the sustainable development creation state and the issue of implementing the state's role in creating sustainable development in Vietnam.
3.2. Scope and limitsstudy
About content:Focus on studying the basic content (functions, tasks, methods) of NNKTPTBV and the implementation of this role by the state in Vietnam today.
About space: Case study location in Ha Tinh province.
Ttime: Time from early 2010 (when the issue of NNKT was raised) to present.
4. Theoretical basis and research methods of the thesis
4.1. Theoretical basis
The theoretical basis of the thesis is Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's thought on social development; Modern theory on NNKTPT; Guidelines and policies of the Party and State of Vietnam in the renovation process,...
4.2. Research methods
Using the methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism to approach the research and build the main arguments of the entire thesis (from theoretical and practical generalization to determining solutions) on the role of the state in creating sustainable development and the implementation of this role of the state in Vietnam.
Using specific research methods such as analysis, synthesis, historical and logical combination, comparison to study theoretical issues on the role of the state in creating sustainable development and the implementation of this role of the state in Vietnam. Analyzing and clarifying the current situation of Ha Tinh province and suggesting to many provinces and localities in the country.
Using methods of analysis, synthesis, combining history and logic, and expert opinions to determine solutions for implementing the role of the state in creating sustainable development in Vietnam today.
5. Scientific contributions of the thesis
The research results of the thesis contribute to:One is, i) Clarifying theoretical issues related to NNKT, PTBV and the role of NNKT in creating PTBV; ii) contributing to the development of a new research direction in political science in general, political science in particular on NNKT or the role of the state in creating PTBV now and in the future; iii) accordingly, the state not only creates social development (in a broad sense), especially economic development as researched up to now, but also creates PTBV (a new and more difficult issue); iv) at the theoretical level, the thesis focuses on clarifying the methods (channels) of state impact and the criteria for evaluating that impact on social development to create PTBV in Vietnam; v) thus, clarifying the basic characteristics (reflected in the functions, tasks and methods of operation) of NNKT in general and in Vietnam in particular.Two is, i) Based on the theoretical foundations and evaluation criteria established in the theoretical part, the thesis evaluates the current situation (results, limitations and issues) in the implementation of the role of creating sustainable development of the government in Ha Tinh province at present (as a case study); ii) From the reality of Ha Tinh to find connections and suggestions for Vietnam (for the whole country); iii) These connections and suggestions are deployed according to the logic of advantages and opportunities, difficulties and challenges, barriers and solutions to form sustainable development in Vietnam.Third,i) Identify solutions (in terms of awareness, institutions and resources) to effectively implement the State's role in creating sustainable development in Vietnam now and in the coming years; ii) These solutions represent not only immediate measures, but also viewpoints and visions combining theory and reality, theory and practice for implementing one of the long-term, fundamental tasks of building sustainable development in Vietnam.
6. Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis
Theoretical significance: The research results of the thesis contribute to the development of theories on NNKTPT and NNKTPTBV from the perspective of political science, especially political science in Vietnam today; can be used as reference materials in research, teaching and learning related to NNKTPT and NNKTPTBV,... in scientific research and teaching institutions in Vietnam.
Practical significance: The research results of the thesis contribute to providing theoretical and practical arguments for the construction, completion and effective implementation of the Party and State's guidelines and policies on NNKTPTBV in Vietnam.
7. Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references, list of related works by the author, the thesis is structured in 4 chapters and 10 sections.
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO TOPIC
1.1.Research on developmental state
1.1.1. Research projects abroad
Regarding theoretical and practical issues of development construction and NNKTPT, there have been many studies by individuals and groups of authors in the form of articles, books, and magazines. To start with, the typical ones are: The book“MITI and the Japanese Miracle; The Growth of Industrial Policy 1925-1975”,(1982), Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press by Ch.Johnson; in the book “The Developmental State” by Woo-Cumings Meredith, Cornell University Press, 1999, there is an article“The Developmental State: Odyssey of Concept”,(1999), by Ch.Johnson; book“The Developmental State in History and in the Twentieth Century,(2003) by AK Bagchi, Regency Publications, New Delhi; book“The Developmental State in Africa - Problems and Prospect”,(2010) by P.Meyns and Ch.Musamba (eds.), Institute for Development and Peace, INEF‐Report 101/2010, Publishing House. Duisburg: INEF; article“How to “do” a developmental state: Political, Organizational, and Human Resource Requirements for the Developmental State”by author HJChang, published by O. Edigheji in the book “Constructing a Democratic Developmental State in South Africa - Potentials and Challenges”, (2010), Human Science Research Council Press, Cape Town, 2010; reports“Democratization in a Developmental State: The Case of Ethiopia-Issuaes, Challenges, and Prospects" of UNDP and report "Economic Report on Africa (2011): Governing Development in Africa- the Role of the State in Economic Transformation” of the Economic Commission for Africa of the United Nations and the African Union; article “Bringing Politics Back in:Towards a Model of the developmental state" by Adrian Leftwich published in The Journal of Development Studies; book "Embedded Autonomy, State and industrial transformation", by author P.Evans, Princeton University Press; etc.
In addition, there are works:“Late Marketisation versus Late Industrialization in East Asia”, (2005),by Lee K. et al., Asian Pacific Economic Literature, 19(1), 42-59, 2005;“Towards a Democratic Developmental State”,(2006), by author G.White IDS Bulletin, 37(4), 60-70, 2006;“Democracy and State Capcity: Exploring a J-Shaped Relationship,Governance” (2008) by authors H.Back and A.Hadenius, An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions, 21(1), 1-24, 2008; “Embedded Autonomy, State and industrial transformation”(1995),by author P.Avans, Princeton University Press, 1995; book “The Origin of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty: Why Nations Fail”,(2012), by authors D.Acemoglu and J.Robinson, Randon House Publishing House; book“Breaking the Mold. An Institutionalist Political Economy Alternative to the Anchor-liberal Theory of the Market and the State”, (2002a),Cambridge Journal of Economics, 26 and “Kicking Away the Ladder.Development Strategy in Historical Perspective”, (2002b) London: Anthem Books by the same author Ha‐Joon Chang; book“How to 'do' a developmental state: Political, Organizational, and Human Resource Requirements for the Developmental State”,(2010), in O.Edigheji (ed.), Constructing a Democratic Developmental State in South Africa - Potentials and Challenges (Human Science Research Council Press, Cape Town, 2010, by Chang, Ha‐Joon; book“Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation”, (1995), by Evans, Peter B. (1995), Princeton: Princeton University Press;“States of Discord”,(2002) by TH.Friedman, March/April; book“Political Institutions and Economic Performance: The Government-Business Relations in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan”,(1985) by Ch.Johnson in Asian Economic Development: Present and Future, eds. Robert Scalapino, Seizaburo Sato, and Jusuf Wanandi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985; “The Nonsocialist NICs: East Asia”, 1986 by Ch.Johnson in International Organization, No. 40:2;“The Logic of the Developmental State”,1991, by author Z.Onis, Comparative Politics. 24. no.1;“Late industrialisers, late democrats: developmental states in the Asia-Pacific”,(1996), by author M. Thompson, Third World Quarterly, 17(4); etc. at different levels refer to the role of the state in relation to development, suggesting research on NNKTPT.
1.1.2. Domestic research projects
There have been authors who have mentioned and approached theoretical issues on development construction in Vietnam from many angles, typically: Articles "Vietnam faces the challenge of building a developmental state"(2009) onhttp://www.tuanvietnam.netby author Vu Minh Khuong;“More about the modelndeveloping country”(2009), by author Pham Hung Hung published onhttp://www.tuanvietnam.net;“Developmental state -kconcept and reality”(2016), by authors Ngo Huy Duc and Nguyen Thi Thanh Dung, Journal of Political Theory No. 11/2016);“Building a developmental state: International experience and Singapore - Recommendations for Vietnam”(2016), by author Vu Minh Khuong onhttp://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn, 2016;“The Constructive State”(2016), article by author Le Minh Quan, Journal of Political Theory, No. 8/2016; Book:“From a state of governance to a state of development”(2017), book by authors Dinh Tuan Minh, Pham The Anh (co-editors), Tri Thuc Publishing House;“Building a developmental state in Vietnam's practice(2017), Proceedings of the Ho Chi Minh National Academy Scientific Conference;“Decoding Prime Minister Phuc's Constructive Government” (2017), byAuthor Pham Quy Tho, Academy of Policy and Development - Ministry of Planning and Investment of Vietnam on https://www.bbc.com/vietnamese; Article:“Building a creative government - Opportunities and challenges for Vietnam”(2017), by author Le Quoc Ly, Journal of Political Theory, No. 4/2017;“Developmental State - Some theoretical and practical issues”(2017), by author Dinh Van Thuy, onhttp://lyluanchinhtri.vn, 2017; Articles on NNKTPT (2017), by the group of authors Nguyen Si Dung, Nguyen Minh Phong, Hoang Gia Minh and Ho Quang Phuong, People's Army Newspaper,http://www.qdnd.vn, 2017; “Developmental state, theory in the world and practice in Vietnam” (2017), book by authors Trinh Quoc Toan, Vu Cong Giao (co-editors), published by Political Theory Publishing House, 2017; “Developmental state and building a developmental state in Vietnam" by authors Dinh Ngoc Thang, Nguyen Van Quan, Inspection Magazine (No. 6, March 2017); etc.
1.2.Research on sustainable development and the sustainable development state
2.1.1. Research on sustainable development
a. Research projects abroad:There are many works, reports, and articles dealing with the viewpoints, concepts, contents, and strategies of sustainable development, typically: The report "Our common future" of the World Commission on Environment and Development of the United Nations (WCED) in 1987; books:“An Introduction to Sustainable Development”(2007), by Peter P. Rogers, Kazi F. Jalal and John A. Boyd;“Understanding Sustainable Development”(2008) by John Blewitt;“The Principles of Sustainability”(2008), by Simon Dresner,“Sustainability Indicators: Measuring the Immeasurable?”(2008), by Simon Bell and Stephen Morse, etc.
b. Domestic research projects:Project VIE/01/021“Support the development and implementation of the Vietnam 21-nation Agenda”(2001) - chaired by the Ministry of Planning and Investment, with the participation of many ministries, branches and localities, with the support of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) and the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA); the book“On political trends in the world today”(2006), reprinted in 2014, by author Le Minh Quan, National Political Publishing House; articles:“Sustainable development - global development strategy for the 21st century”(2008),by author Truong Quang Hoc, in the Scientific Proceedings of the Center for Natural Resources and Environment Research, Vietnam National University, Hanoi;“Sustainable development from concept to action”(2009), Ministry-level project chaired by the Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, author Ha Huy Thanh;“Politics and Sustainable Development in the Context of Globalization and International Integration - Theoretical and Practical Issues(2009), Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference of the Academy of Journalism and Communication and the Friedrich Ebert Institute Office (Germany), in which the role of the state in sustainable development is the topic.“The role of the state and political parties in sustainable development”by author Th.Meyer; book“Peace, Cooperation and Development - Major Trends in the World Today”(2010) by the same author Le Minh Quan, National Political Publishing House; articles:“On green economy in Vietnam”(2015), by author Nguyen Van Hau, Journal of Political Theory No. 12/2015;“Vietnam 2035: Towards Prosperity, Creativity, Equity and Democracy”(2016), book published by the World Bank and the Ministry of Planning and Investment of Vietnam.
2.1.2. Research work on the role of the state in creating sustainable development
a. Research projects abroad:Valuable reference books for research on the role of the state in creating sustainable development, first of all, must mention the book“The State in a Changing World”(1997), reference book, by the World Bank, edited by Ch. Adrian, National Political Publishing House;“Globalisation, Economic Development and the Role of the State”(2003), book by author HJChang, Zed Books Publishing House, London;“Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew”,Volume 1 (2005), “The Singapore Story”, World Publishing House and Volume 2 (2017) “From the Third World to the First World”, National Political Publishing House;“Startup Nation, the Story of Israel's Economic Miracle”(2017), book by authors D.Senor and S.Singer, World Publishing House, (translated by Tri Vuong); articles:“Good governance in sustainable development: the impact of institutions(1998), by authors KCRoy and CATisdell, Viewpoint - International Journal of Social Economics, 25(6/7/8);“Economic Development and the Role of Industrial Policy in Japan”and“Industrial Development and Environmental Protection in Japan”by authors K.Kazumasa and Y.Hisashi, in the book“Japanese policy experience(2016), published by Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics in collaboration with Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
b. Domestic research projectsTheses and articles include:“The role of law in sustainable development in our country at the present stage”(2010), doctoral thesis in law by author Vo Hai Long;“The role of the state in implementing social justice”, (2011), Doctoral thesis in political science by author Vo Thi Hoa;“The role of the state in combining economic growth with environmental protection in Vietnam”(2014), Doctoral thesis in philosophy by author Nguyen Thi Khuong; Article“Changes in the Functions of the Modern State”(2011), by author Le Minh Quan, Journal of Political Science, No. 6/2011; State-level topic, chaired by the Institute of State and Law, Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics:“The role of the State in social development and social development management in our country in the innovation process”(2017); Article“Developmental state model - central factor in building and implementing national development institutions”(2018), by author Nguyen Ke Tuan - National Economics University, on http://hdll.vn, published October 13, 2018; Article“A service-oriented and development-creating state based on a human rights-based approach in Vietnam today”,by author Thanh Le;Post“Perfecting economic institutions in the context of international integration",by the authorTran Nguyen Tuyenand articles by authors Nguyen Dinh Cung, Vo Dai Luoc, Tran Dinh Thien, Le Dang Doanh, Pham Chi Lan, etc.
There is also “Prime Minister's Message, 2014” on the pioneering characteristics of the NNKTPT model, including: i) shifting from control function to governance and creation; ii) the state will be strong when each citizen feels that this is an institution that represents them; and ii) risk management (rather than solving problems after they have already happened).
1.3. Research results related to the topic and issues that need further research
1.3.1. Research results related to the topic
The first, theresultresearch onNNKTPT:In the world, for several decades now, studies on NNKTDT abroad have been raised by American researchers when considering the miraculous case of the Japanese economy, followed by many other researchers studying the role of the state in the miraculous rise of East Asian countries and later some European and African countries. These studies focus more deeply on the issues: i) concept; ii) origin; iii) characteristics, models; iv) role; v) mode of operation, etc. of NNKTDT in relation to the economy or the role of the state (in the research cases) in creating economic development. These studies have not had the requirements and conditions to focus on in-depth research on the issue of NNKTDT for the development of other areas of social life and recently the issue of sustainable development.
In Vietnam, the issue of building and implementing NNKTPT has attracted the attention of public opinion, scientists, and practitioners, demonstrating the spread of the message raised by political leaders. Accordingly, research on NNKTPTPT has only begun in Vietnam since 2010, based on research by authors around the world. Focusing on the following issues: i) Searching for and building a general theoretical framework on NNKTPTPT - from origin, concept, nature, characteristics, classification to characteristics, methods and environment to ensure successful implementation of NNKTPTPT in general. ii) Analyzing the experiences of countries that have successfully built NNKTPTPT, on that basis drawing reference values for the actual construction process of NNKTPTPTPT in Vietnam. iii) Assess the suitability of Vietnam for the NNKTPT model from many current political, legal, cultural, administrative, governance, etc. perspectives. iv) Propose viewpoints and solutions to successfully implement the NNKTPT model in Vietnam, suitable to conditions and meeting the requirements of sustainable development in Vietnam.
With different approaches, domestic and foreign studies have discussed many issues about the origin, concept, content and nature of NNKTPT, experiences from some countries in the world on NNKTPT, with comments and suggestions for the construction of NNKTPT in Vietnam today. Researchers in Vietnam accept these researched theories and have rarely made any different additions to the summarized theories. Research in Vietnam is mainly related to the orientation of applying the advantages of the NNKTPT model to suit the conditions of our country, which is an objective necessity in the current period, suggesting the construction of NNKTPT, applying this state governance model to Vietnam today. The above research results are a rich source of materials, with reference value (in terms of approach, research methods and achieved results) that can be absorbed and inherited to achieve the objectives and tasks of this thesis.
Monday, theresultresearch onSustainable Development and NNKTPT:Regarding sustainable development, there have been many works (topics, seminars, scientific discussions, books, scientific articles, even textbooks, teaching materials, etc.), with different approaches, which have presented a common, relatively unified concept and perception of the content of the concept of sustainable development, explaining the need to deeply perceive and properly implement the Party and State's policies on sustainable development. The works have pointed out a number of results, limitations and issues regarding the implementation of policies and institutionalization by legal regulations on sustainable development in a number of sectors, fields, localities or the role of the state in sustainable development in Vietnam. However, in studies on factors affecting sustainable development, the state factor has only been mentioned to a very limited extent and not directly. Regarding the relationship between the state and sustainable development, there have been a number of works mentioned but not directly and specifically. That is because up to now, the issues of PTBV and NNKTPT themselves are complex and new in theory and practice, containing both opportunities and challenges for Vietnam.
Regarding sustainable development in general and in Vietnam in particular, most of the works analyze and clarify the models of sustainable development in the world with the conditions and characteristics of the countries and in previous historical periods - the period of focusing on economic development (growth), there were no requirements and conditions for sustainable development in other areas of society and especially sustainable development as at present, so there has not been in-depth research on building a model of a state that creates sustainable development in general and in Vietnam in particular as at present. The existing works only mention indirectly or in each separate group of contents about the relationship between sustainable development and each area of development in Vietnam, especially the group of contents on economy and environment; There are some suggestions on building a sustainable national economy in the direction of sustainable development, including the state creating a favorable environment for businesses and people to conduct production and business activities, economic growth or on strategic orientation for human resource development, etc., but there has not been any systematic and direct research on sustainable national economy or the role of the state in creating sustainable development in general and in Vietnam in particular.
1.3.2. Issues that need further research in the thesis
One is,On the basis of selecting and absorbing research results in the world and in Vietnam on the theory and practice of sustainable development, continue to clearly define (to affirm) the connotation of the instrumental concept of sustainable development and sustainable development to clarify the connotation of the concept of sustainable development or the role of sustainable development of sustainable development of sustainable development.Second,On the basis of selecting and absorbing research results in the world and in Vietnam on the contents and methods (channels) of impact of NNKTPT and criteria for evaluating that impact on socio-economic development, clarifying the contents and methods (channels) of impact of the state and criteria for evaluating that impact on social development to create sustainable development in Vietnam.Third,Select and absorb the advantages of the NNKTPT model in the world to serve as a basis for building a specific NNKTPT model in Vietnam, clarifying the basic characteristics (shown in the functions, tasks and methods of operation) of NNKTPTBV in general and in Vietnam in particular.Four is,Based on the theoretical foundations and assessment criteria established in the theoretical part to assess the current situation (results, limitations and issues) in implementing the role of creating sustainable development of the government in Ha Tinh province at present (as a case study); from the reality of Ha Tinh province to find connections, suggest advantages and opportunities, difficulties and challenges, barriers and solutions for Vietnam (for the whole country) in implementing the role of creating sustainable development of the state in Vietnam.Five is,identify solutions (showing not only immediate measures, but also expressing viewpoints and visions combining theory and reality, theory and practice for implementing one of the long-term, fundamental tasks) to effectively perform the State's role in creating sustainable development in Vietnam in the conditions of a market economy, promoting industrialization, modernization, and international integration now and in the coming years.
Chapter 2
SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES
ON THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN CREATING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
2.1.LThesis on developmental state and sustainable development
2.1.1.Concept and characteristics of developmental state
2.1.1.1. Concept of developmental state
The term NNKTPT (developmental state) was first mentioned by Ch.Johnson in his work (MITT and the Japanese Miracle,1982)after studying the government model that Japan applied in the period 1925 - 1975. The original purpose of Ch. Johnson using the idea of NNKTPT was to "overcome the contrast between the US economy (typical of the free market capitalist economic model) and the Soviet Union (typical of the centrally planned economic model)".
Ch.Johnson's (1982) concept of NNKT has become the foundation for the approach and research until now. Many authors have discussed and added some points about the characteristics, and even criticized some points of the model. In Vietnam, in recent years, there have been many articles about the NNKTPT model such as in Japan (1925 - 1975) and also in the new context. Many domestic and foreign authors have shown that the concept of NNKTPT refers to a governance model, not a type of state (a synthesis of the advantages of the regulatory state and the command state; it differs from the regulatory state in the method of administration and from the command state in the subject of guidance).
According to the author of this thesis, it can be understood in the most general way:A state with strategic vision, an effective state administrative apparatus and high-quality human resources, capable of effectively identifying and implementing development goals (especially economic development) on the basis of adapting to the market.
2.1.1.2. Basic characteristics of a developmental state
A developmental state like the Japanese model, according to Ch. Johnson, has the main characteristics of "having a talented, small-scale but highly effective civil servant team; having an administrative system that is fully empowered to make initiatives and operate effectively, helping the political elite and talented civil servants realize their will and development goals; having an organization (agency) with the role of leading and orienting long-term economic development (MITI); having financial institutions and administrative guidelines to intervene and guide the best adaptation to the market.Thecontent andThe characteristics of the Japanese NNKTPT model were lateradded byA.Leftwith, Linda Weiss, UNDP,... and Ngo Huy Duc, Nguyen Thi Thanh Dung, Trinh Quoc Toan, Vu Cong Giao, Nguyen Sy Dung, Le Minh Quan, Dinh Van Thuy,... and many other authors, etc. According to some authors, the points that need to be supplemented in theory, because the classical NNKTPT model is still at a certain level of generalization/low level, therefore, it is necessary to have a higher generalization and systematic nature when building NNKTPT in the new context. Accordingly, first of all, it is necessary to ensure a consistent main ideology on development policies with the political determination of the political system and high consensus in society; it is necessary to ensure inheritance in future generations regarding the consistency of policies.
From studying the works and articles of previous authors, the author of this thesis has an overview of the NNKTPT model (in the new context) with the following characteristics:The first,In terms of objectives, NNKTPT is mainly aimed at creating high and sustainable economic growth.Monday,In terms of functions and tasks, NNKTPT determines vision and development orientation, builds development programs and plans, proactively orients and intervenes but respects the market, has political will and a consistent and thorough development vision; effectively and fairly governs society, and quickly adapts to change.Tuesday,Regarding the organizational structure, the NNKTPT has a professional, effective, competent administrative apparatus, has a close relationship with the private sector, is not manipulated by group interests, has a team of ethical, talented, professional, and diligent civil servants; has the consensus of the people; and has a specialized agency for development.Wednesday,In terms of environment, requirements and conditions, NNKTPT needs talented political elites, weak civil society, strong government, and requires concentrating resources on economic development.
2.1.2. Basic concepts and contents of sustainable development
2.1.2.1. Concept of sustainable development
In recent decades, PTBV has been a concept that refers to the comprehensive development trend of society (in a broad sense). The concept of sustainable development attracted attention from the United Nations Conference on the topic "Human Environment" in Stockholm, Sweden in 1972. Up to now, there are many concepts of sustainable development, such as in the Report "Our Common Future", 1987, of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) of the United Nations: "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. But in a deeper perspective at the World Summits: The 1992 Conference, sustainable development is also understood as "Socio-economic development, based on the rational use of resources and environmental protection to meet the needs of the present generation without adversely affecting the ability of future generations to meet their own needs"; The 2002 Conference, sustainable development is "economically sustainable; socially sustainable; environmentally sustainable, ensuring development not only for the current generation but also for future generations of people",... These concepts have relatively unified content, perhaps the differences are just additions and completions for a theme and development orientation of a global nature.
2.1.2.2. Basic content of sustainable development
The content of PTBV is very broad, not only referring to economic and social development, environmental protection and especially human development for today's and future generations, but also the "reconciliation" between economic development with social development and environmental protection. PTBV includes environmentally friendly economic development; linking economic development with social progress and equity; protecting and developing cultural identity; exploiting and using natural resources, protecting the environment and biodiversity.
Vietnam has received and quickly and consistently implemented the socialist orientation, for the goal of a rich people, strong country, democracy, fairness and civilization.On economic development, that is the path and policy for developing a socialist-oriented market economy;about society, those are social security, education - training, health care, and cultural policies in the direction of socialism;about the environment, which is the policy of exploiting, regenerating and protecting the ecological environment. With the orientation and implementation of the above PTBV strategy, the issue of creating premises to carry out the role of the state in creating PTBV in Vietnam is a topic attracting great attention from society today.
2.2. The role of the developmental state in sustainable development
2.2.1.Definition andBasic characteristics of developmental state in sustainable development
2.2.1.1. Definition of developmental state in sustainable development
As the trend of sustainable development has become an objective global necessity in recent decades, it can be said that the “traditional” concept of sustainable development is no longer completely appropriate. Because “traditional” sustainable development only focuses on economic development, creating high economic growth without adequately solving social issues, environmental protection, natural resources, etc. in the direction of sustainable development. Therefore, sustainable development today not only focuses on economic growth but also focuses on solving social issues and environmental protection, or sustainable development.
The current NNKTPT model in sustainable development needs to be supplemented with new contents in terms of goals or awareness towards development (software of NNKTPT) and institutional structure or apparatus structure, especially the administrative apparatus to realize state policies, with institutions on apparatus organization and operating mechanisms according to principles and standards (hardware of NNKTPT) to be able to support sustainable development processes.
From the concept of NNKTPT as mentioned above, according to the author of this thesis, it can be understood in the most general way: NNKTPT in PTBV is a state with strategic vision, effective organizational structure and high-quality human resources, capable of identifying and implementing socio-economic development and environmental protection goals effectively on the basis of adapting to the market and changes.
2.2.1.2. Basic characteristics (in goals; functions, tasks; organizational structure...) of the creative state in sustainable development
First, about the goals of NNKTPT in PTBV:i) Creating sustainable development in all areas of social life, from economics to politics, culture, social environment and especially human development. ii) In the development creation contents, the most important content is still the development of the market economy, but it is a sustainable market economy so that there is no social and environmental regression. Moreover, social, cultural, human development and environmental protection have become important contents, constituting the objects of state influence.Second, on the functions and tasks of NNKTPT in PTBV:i) The functions and tasks of the state are to determine strategic vision (to build and implement strategies, create an environment and conditions for social development), forecast, share and guide development, save and bring entrepreneurial spirit in development management, etc.). ii) To determine and implement socio-economic development and environmental protection goals effectively on the basis of adapting to the market mechanism. iii) The state does not replace people, businesses and society, does not directly create economic growth but only plays the role of a partner, a catalyst in pursuing and promoting activities towards common goals continuously and effectively through institutional quality, legal system, policies and the effectiveness and efficiency of the process of organizing the implementation of laws and policies. iv) The State is the main subject in creating development not only of the economy, creating high, sustainable and environmentally friendly economic growth, but also creating and ensuring the implementation of social progress and equity, protecting and developing cultural identity, exploiting and using natural resources, protecting the environment, ensuring harmony between economic development and social development and environmental protection, ensuring human development for today's and future generations. v) The State builds and operates policy institutions to guide and support development, promote all opportunities, initiatives and resources, and nurture all social development motivations, especially the economy, for the common interests of the nation, people and the lives of all people.Third, on the organizational structure of the NNKTPT in PTBV:The State and especially the Government have a streamlined, transparent, effective and efficient apparatus that adapts to development requirements,...; have a team of cadres, civil servants, especially administrative civil servants who are relatively independent, professional, of high quality, dedicated and diligent in performing public duties; make good use of talents, especially talents in mobilizing all resources for development or high-quality human resources for socio-economic development and environmental protection; The leaders of the ruling party, government, etc. are people who are exemplary in quality and capacity, have prestige, are selected and elected democratically, not autocrats and dictators (who make decisions without scientific arguments).Fourth, on the environment, requirements and conditions of NNKTPT in PTBV:i) NNKTDT in sustainable development exists and develops its effects in the environment and conditions of a modern market economy, a democracy, a rule-of-law state and a civil society with an increasingly developed level of education, a strong leadership with a long-term vision, capacity and great commitment. ii) NNKTDT in sustainable development exists and develops its effects in the environment and conditions of the rapid development of modern science and technology, especially information technology, globalization and knowledge-based economy. iii) NNKTDT in sustainable development exists and develops its effects in the long term in conditions of peace and stability. iv) NNKTDT in sustainable development exists and develops its effects in the environment and conditions of sustainable development itself - from economic development to culture, society, environmental protection and especially human development.
In Vietnam, since the 6th National Party Congress, we have gradually abandoned the centrally planned state model and built a state model in the direction of enhancing development creation capacity: Establishing a socialist-oriented market economy, proposing policies for industrialization and modernization of the country. In addition to the above characteristics, the socialist rule of law state of the people, by the people, for the people; ii) led by the Communist Party of Vietnam; iii) state power is unified and belongs to the people, with division and coordination among state agencies in the implementation of legislative, executive and judicial powers; iv) the socialist-oriented/sustainable development state develops the country.
2.2.2.The role of the developmental state in sustainable development
2.2.2.1. Perfecting the socialist-oriented market economy and performing the role of creating sustainable economic development.The first, Firmly follow the path to socialism in the process of transition from a centrally planned mechanism to a market mechanism; filter and adapt the superiority of advanced development models.Monday, Strategic vision for socio-economic development and environmental protection based on scientific forecasts and in accordance with the trend of the times as well as the conditions and capacity of the country or locality (including planning), in order to achieve the goal of sustainable development.TuesdayThe State promulgates and implements regulations to encourage entities to participate in production and business, oriented towards the market.WednesdayThe State regulates and distributes economic development resources according to key sectors and regions...
In addition, the State has policies to: develop a multi-sector economy with a socialist orientation; shift the economic structure towards promoting industrialization and modernization, reorganizing state-owned enterprises; improve the efficiency and competitiveness of the private economic sector; restructure state-owned enterprises and private enterprises according to the principle of equal competition; develop the market system, and laws regulating the legal framework of the market system.
2.2.2.2. The State creates sustainable social development
The State cares about social values such as people's welfare, the right to knowledge, to participate in political and social activities, to accompany the State in creation, etc.; labor, employment, wages and income distribution... The strategy of prioritizing investment to increase the content of knowledge and creativity in socio-economic development, promoting the diversity and effectiveness of the start-up movement has been and is being aroused; social justice, social security; cultural and social institutions, human development, human resource building; improving the quality of education, training, health care, science and technology... to meet the requirements of the period of industrialization and modernization of the country.
2.2.2.3. Developmental state associated withenvironmental protection
The role of the state in determining the relationship between economic growth, social issues and ecological environment protection, especially in setting out a system of policies, strategies, laws, etc.; organizing the apparatus and staff; mobilizing capital, scientific and technological research to reduce environmental impacts and pollution, and enhancing social responsibility and personal responsibility, etc.
Chapter 3
THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN CREATING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
IN HA TINH PROVINCE TODAY WITH PROBLEMS AND SUGGESTIONS
3.1. The role of the state in creating sustainable development in Ha Tinh
3.1.1. The context of sustainable development of Ha Tinh province today
3.1.1.1. Characteristicsgeography andconditionsnatural in Ha Tinh province
Ha Tinh is located in the Central region, with harsh natural conditions. Area: 6055 km2 (20% of the area is agricultural land; 80% is forest land). National Highway 1A, Ho Chi Minh Road and railway run along the area. It has a 143 km long border with Laos with Cau Treo International Border Gate (National Highway 8A for economic and cultural trade with ASEAN countries); 137 km of coastline, with deep-water seaports (Vung Ang, Son Duong) that can receive ships up to 400,000 tons. The whole province has 245 km of waterways. Ha Tinh also has potential and advantages in eco-tourism associated with historical and spiritual tourism, sea tourism, eco-tourism, etc.
3.1.1.2. The socio-economic, political, defense and security situation hasdirectly affect the development of Ha Tinh today. Achievements and experiences after 30 years of re-establishing the province and implementing the Renovation process have created new positions and strengths,... The foundation for socio-economic development is basically guaranteed; Industry has become the driving force for growth and promoting socio-economic development. There are favorable conditions for agricultural development. Culture and society have achieved quite comprehensive results. Comprehensive education has maintained its top position in the country. National defense and security have been ensured. Personnel work, arrangement, streamlining of the administrative apparatus and administrative reform have initially achieved remarkable results.
3.1.2. Current situationimplementing the role of sustainable development creation of the current Ha Tinh provincial government
3.1.2.1. Ha Tinh Provincial Government creates conditions and premises to play the role of creating sustainable economic development.
a.NConsistently advocate the transition from purely agricultural production to industrial developmentHeystrategic visionlong termAccelerate master planning, research and develop strategies for industrial and handicraft development, and promote the development of key economic zones.
b. Creating a favorable legal environment forsustainable economic development
The first, Provincial Party Committees and authorities should soon be consistent in their policies, thereby determiningstrategic vision developwith high consensus in the political system and the people; creating preconditions, ensuring a favorable legal environment, creating development in a socialist-oriented market economy (transitioning from purely agricultural production to industrial development; increasingly close to the market, developing a multi-sector economy); focusing resources on promoting the advantages of Vung Ang deep-water seaport, Cau Treo International Border Gate, important traffic routes, ...; effectively exploiting social resources in the area.Monday,Allocation for investment in socio-economic development in deltas, rural areas, coastal areas, mountainous areas, remote areas.Tuesday,The provincial government ensures essential infrastructure, facilities and equipment to perform its role in creating development.
c. Arrange the organization to be streamlined, transparent, and operate effectively and efficiently..Arrange and reform the administrative apparatus, improve the quality, effectiveness and efficiency of the political system in the direction of development creation.
d. Guaranteepolitical stability, national defense, security, social order and safety to implement goals and strategies for sustainable economic development.In particular, when the 2016 marine environmental incident occurred, all efforts were mobilized to quickly stabilize the situation in the face of numerous difficulties and complexities.
From a poor province, it has now basically escaped poverty. The local budget revenue in 2015 reached over 15,000 billion VND (7.6 times higher than in 2010), and has increased in the following years (in 2019 it reached 13.8 trillion VND, ranking 3rd in the North Central region). It has attracted 714 domestic projects with an investment capital of 29,000 billion VND and 30 FDI projects with an investment capital of 372 million USD (Ha Tinh is in the top 10 nationwide).
3.1.2.2. Ha Tinh Provincial Government plays a cultural and social constructive role in sustainable development.Along with focusing on economic growth, Ha Tinh authorities have paid attention to institutions and structures to effectively solve social problems, prevent risks that cause unbalanced development, or only pursue economic growth; improve the quality of culture - society, social security, human development...
3.1.2.3. Ha Tinh Provincial Government plays the role of creating sustainability inresources, environmental protectionCurrently. Implement resolutions, laws, decrees; issue regulations, decisions, instructions... Focus on solid waste treatment, food safety and hygiene,...; report on environmental impacts. In particular, 24/7 monitoring of waste disposal after steelmaking.
3.1.3.Limitations in implementing the state's role in creating sustainable development in Ha Tinh province and n.cause.Limitations in creating sustainable economic development; Limitations in creating sustainable development in terms of social factors; Limitations in creating protection of ecological environment.
Limitations in strategic vision and implementation of mechanism, law, policy creation, and environment creation for the three pillars: economy, society, and environmental protection (in terms of vision, policy mechanisms to attract investment, tourism development; institutional quality; administrative apparatus, law enforcement, etc.)
3.1.3.4.Cause of hLimitations on the implementation of the state's role in creating sustainable development in Ha Tinh today
3.2. The issue of the role of the state in creating sustainable development in Ha Tinh and suggestions
3.2.1. Issues raised about the role of the state in creating sustainable development in Ha Tinh province today
3.2.1.1. Those vthe issue is posedyesrequeston the constructive role of the state insustainable economic developmentliveHa Tinh province today.To increasingly approach the modern development model:Services, tourism - Modern, high-tech industry - Clean agriculture applying high technology, need mechanisms, policies and to unleash potential, advantages, innovation to develop the economy, focusing on seaport services, logistics, supporting and post-steel industries, processing, manufacturing; tourism; smart cities with e-government, improving the quality of human resources. Avoid dependence on FDI sources,...
3.2.1.2.Issues raised about requirements forThe role of the state in creatingsustainable development of culture - society, security and order.The current requirement for Ha Tinh is to create a long-term stable political and social environment, high consensus among the people to develop a sustainable economy associated with improving culture, spirit and social security.
3.2.1.3.Issues raised about requirements forThe role of the state in creatingSustainable environmental development in Ha Tinh province today. (developing mechanisms, policies and organizing the implementation of laws on environmental protection in a synchronous and long-term manner, preventing environmental incidents and preserving human health).
3.2.1.4. Issues arising from the requirements of economic development associated with effectively solving social and environmental problems in Ha Tinh province today
3.2.2. Suggestions on the role of the state in creating sustainable development in Vietnam from the current reality of Ha Tinh province
3.2.2.1. Suggestions on vision and development thinking
3.2.2.2. Suggestions on general and specific policies.
3.2.2.3. Suggestions on the quality and efficiency of the administrative apparatus
3.2.2.4. Suggestions on opportunities and challenges in implementing the state's role in creating sustainable development(vision, still influenced by planning, centralization, "ask - give" mechanisms; institutional quality; administrative apparatus...; receiving experience, new winds).
Chapter 4
THEROLE PERFORMANCE SOLUTIONSKDEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABILITY OF THE STATE IN VIETNAM TODAYNOW
4.1. Solutions on awareness for implementing the role of creating sustainable development in Vietnam today
4.1.1.Summary of practices in implementing the state's role in creating sustainable developmentin Vietnam today
Although NNKTPT is not a new theoretical and practical issue in countries around the world, it is a new issue in Vietnam, so there are still many different opinions. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the practical implementation of the state's role in creating sustainable development, in order to establish, supplement and perfect the legal framework to ensure the implementation of the state's role in creating sustainable development in the new context on the basis of the socialist rule of law state.
4.1.2.Propaganda, education, dissemination, creating political determination and social consensus on the role of the state in creating sustainable development
4.1.2.1.Propaganda, education and dissemination of NNKT in PTBV
4.1.2.2. Tcreate political will and social consensus on the developmental state and its role insustainable development
4.2. Institutional solutions for the implementation of the state's role in creating sustainable development in Vietnam today
4.2.1. Building and perfecting a sustainable development-creating state in VietnamCurrently
4.2.1.1.Clearly define goals, strategic vision and principlesfor the performance of the constructive rolesustainable developmentof the state
4.2.1.2.Building and perfecting the state apparatus institutions towards a sustainable development state(Promoting the role of the National Assembly; the role and responsibility of the Government in effectively implementing the state's role in creating sustainable development; administrative reform, making good use of talents; building an e-state,...) to meet the requirements of creating sustainable development.
4.2.2. Dbreakthroughreform theInstitution(mechanism,policy, law) meet construction requirementssustainable development stateFocus on creating a favorable and transparent legal environment to ensure the implementation of PTBV.
4.2.3. Organizing the implementation of institutions, policies and laws in creating sustainable development
4.2.3.1. Tcome trueroleconstructionsustainable developmentthroughworkforecast, share and guideof the State
4.2.3.2. Ensuring the mechanismStatethrifty and entrepreneurial in managementsustainable development
4.3. Resource solutions for implementing the state's role in creating sustainable development in Vietnam today
4.3.1.Improve the capacity of civil servants to meet implementation requirementsrole in creating sustainable development: Building a team of civil servants and public employees who always work for the interests of the nation and people, dare to do things, and take responsibility before the people,...; improving the quality of human resources.
4.3.2. Reasonable and effective use of budget and facilities-technical assurance forState apparatus implementationrole in creating sustainable development(on the basis of streamlining the administrative apparatus and political system).
CONCLUDE
Researching and searching for an "effective state model" is the aspiration of many countries, especially when two schools of thought are opposing each other.government regulation(British, American style) andcommand state(typically the Soviet Union) has many limitations. Many scientists and politicians have done in-depth research to find a new model of state management, to bring their country to prosperity. Ch. Johnson, one of the researchers specializing in this issue, first introduced the concept of "Developmental State" in his workMITI and the Japanese Miracle(1982), which emphasizes the role of the state in actively and proactively intervening most appropriately in the market economy to achieve the highest efficiency in economic growth. However, through practice, it is seen that the 20th century's sustainable development only focuses on economic growth and has not focused on sustainable development on all three pillars (economy, socio-culture and environmental protection) in the present and for the future, because the main ideology of sustainable development has not yet been comprehensive and consistent in all countries. Therefore, with the popular trend and increasing demand for sustainable development, along with the demand for transparency and democracy under the strong impact of globalization, the 4.0 Industrial Revolution, the knowledge economy, the digital economy, etc..(generally called the new context), today's NNKTPT model first of all needs to promote the advantages of the previous NNKT model and needs to fulfill its role in well solving the requirements and demands of the new context, especially:i)need to have higher capacity in development creation: Have strategic vision and set the right goals for sustainable development;ii)creating a favorable environment (legal, political stability, etc.) and ensuring quick adaptation to change, respecting the market, the capacity to mobilize resources and organize implementation, promoting common activities; best meeting modern, scientific management capacity and enhancing forecasting, monitoring and early detection of possible imbalances, ensuring macroeconomic stability; controlling power;... andiii)There needs to be deeper adjustments and supplements to the consistent and systematic policy, with a high level of generalization on sustainable development - the main ideology that serves as the foundation for the state to best perform its role in creating sustainable development both in the present and the future.
In short, the NNKTPT in the new context still retains the nature of the rule of law and democracy (in Vietnam, it is the socialist rule of law state) and focuses on the quality of institutions (legal system) to develop for the goal of sustainable development with modern governance; it cannot be a weak state nor a state that intervenes excessively in the market, but it has the combination of the advantages of the regulatory state - the free market economy and the command state - the centrally planned economy (but it is different from the regulatory state in the method of operation and different from the command state in the leading object/market economy).
In the process of innovation, Vietnam has consistently advocated sustainable development/socialist orientation (this is the main ideology); has basically shifted from a centralized planning mechanism to a socialist-oriented market mechanism and towards creating sustainable development; has become increasingly clear in defining the goals, functions, tasks and organizational structure of the State Treasury in sustainable development, focusing on breakthroughs, creating a legal environment and creating preconditions to ensure the implementation of the role of creating sustainable development in a socialist-oriented market economy; has strengthened supervision, ensuring effective and fair governance; step by step to meet human resources, etc. In particular, when studying the role of the state in creating sustainable development in localities, in which Ha Tinh province was deeply analyzed (from a poor, purely agricultural province, with potential for industry and seaport services, tourism, etc.), with a consistent ideology and strategic vision for continuous and continuous development "shifting to developing industry, agriculture and services, tourism", Ha Tinh has had rapid development, attracting large investment capital for economic growth (especially FDI); along with that, the material, cultural and spiritual life of the people is increasingly improved. However, there are still limitations and inadequacies (especially between economic growth and social stability; environmental protection); issues and challenges in the coming time, from which there have been suggestions about the role of the state in creating sustainable development in Vietnam in general (in terms of vision and development thinking; mechanisms, policies; quality and efficiency of the political system, administrative apparatus, power control; high-quality human resources). From there, synchronously implement key and basic solutions, especially focusing on the following solutions:
1) Building and perfecting the synchronous institutions and apparatus of the state in the direction of a state that creates sustainable development (the foundation is to clarify theoretical and practical issues on the role of the Socialist rule of law state in all three branches of power: Legislative, executive and judicial for the goal of sustainable development, in which the important principle of "supreme nature" of law is maintained).
2) Implement breakthrough reforms in institutions, mechanisms and policies to meet construction requirements.sustainable development state steady; clearly define goals and strategic visions associated with forecasting capacity, ensuring clear principles on the basis of modern state governance, thereby properly and effectively implementing the state's role in creating sustainable development.
3) Resource solutions (Improving the capacity of civil servants and high-quality human resources; rationally and effectively using the budget, technical facilities and promoting administrative modernization, providing online public services, creating a framework and legal environment to implement e-Government, e-government associated with smart cities, etc.) to meet the increasingly enhanced requirements of the state's role in creating sustainable development in the current period and in the future.
The above suggested solutions, at the same time, Vietnam needs to combine and draw on experiences from other countries to have a suitable management and operation model, improve the capacity to create sustainable development; have a roadmap to build a flexible NNKTPTBV model, adaptable to the times, ensuring the goals and orientations of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Successfully implement the goal of a rich people, strong country, democratic, fair and civilized society; firmly protect the independence, sovereignty, territory, airspace, sea and islands of the Fatherland.
Author:ussh
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