Summary of PhD Thesis by Dinh Huu Cong

INTRODUCTION

1. The urgency of the topic

In recent decades, the difficulties, limitations, and even failures of centralized, bureaucratic, and subsidized state models (in socialist countries), neoliberal states (in capitalist countries), and welfare states (in countries following the social democratic model); the rise of states in East Asia, etc., have created a need for research on state models, especially the role of the state in social development (in a broad sense), particularly social development (in a broad sense) towards sustainable development. Therefore, one of the main focuses of state research worldwide today is: the role, functions, and tasks of the state in sustainable development, and what the state should do and how to do it to promote social development. Or, what is a developmental state, a sustainable developmental state?

In Vietnam, after nearly 35 years of reform, significant shifts have been made from a centralized, bureaucratic, and subsidized state to a rule-of-law state, gradually adapting to and meeting the requirements of developing a socialist-oriented market economy, and currently focusing on economic and social development. The results, limitations, and challenges in how the State can simultaneously respect the objective laws of the market while ensuring its socialist orientation and mitigating the negative impacts of the market mechanism; simultaneously meeting economic development requirements, ensuring social welfare, building a new socialist person, an advanced culture imbued with national identity; protecting the environment; etc., have necessitated the search for, selection, and construction of a new approach to the State.

In that context, and based on research from abroad by Vu Minh Khuong in the article "Vietnam Facing the Challenge of Building a Developmental State" (Tuanvietnam.net, May 2009); and the affirmative opinion of Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc: "A developmental government is a government that proactively designs policies and laws for the country's development," the term "developmental state" has received more attention in Vietnam.

Based on the above idea, in recent years the issue of the socio-economic development of the country has attracted the attention of both researchers and practitioners in Vietnam across various scientific fields (philosophy, sociology, economics, political science, etc.) to clarify the main points: What is socio-economic development? What is its context and time of origin? What are the content, forms, and methods of promoting social development under socio-economic development? How can the State play an active role in promoting development, especially in a market economy?

While the issue of the Developmental Framework for Sustainable Development (DDF) has been studied and initially implemented in Vietnam, the issue of the Sustainable Development Framework for Sustainable Development (SDF) is even newer and more complex. If, as domestic and international studies have shown, the DDF already has practical experience and insights from many countries and has been summarized by researchers, then what exactly is the SDF? Is it merely an addition to the object of the impact (sustainable development) of the DDF, or does the SDF have its own distinct meaning? Does Vietnam have an SDF? How does the SDF in Vietnam impact national development under conditions of accelerated industrialization, modernization, and international integration? What reforms does the Vietnamese government (at the central, local, and grassroots levels) need to implement to become a SDF? These questions remain unanswered and require further research.

Ha Tinh province (the case study) is also affected by the above situation. However, in reality, the province still has limitations in strategic vision, forecasting, planning, policy formulation, creating an environment for socio-economic development; human resources; attracting investment; competitiveness; sustainable employment; social security; the relationship between economic development and environmental protection... How to leverage achievements, overcome difficulties, seize opportunities, and overcome challenges to effectively build and implement sustainable development in Ha Tinh province, etc.; and offer suggestions for other localities or the whole country are fundamental and urgent issues (theoretical and practical) that need to be researched and clarified.

The focus of this research is the role (impact) of the State on sustainable development in Vietnam, including Ha Tinh province. Regarding the economic development and sustainable development aspects, these have already been studied in numerous works, so research should only be conducted to the necessary extent, allowing for a greater focus on addressing the impact (through resolving the relationship) between the economic development and sustainable development in Vietnam. Furthermore, to date, from a political science perspective, there has been no systematic and direct research on the issue of economic development in sustainable development, including the role of the economic development in sustainable development (a case study of Ha Tinh province).

For the reasons above, I have chosen the topic:"The role of the state in creating sustainable development in Vietnam - a case study of Ha Tinh province".I am working on my doctoral dissertation in Political Science.

2. Research objectives and tasks of the thesis

2.1. Research objectives of the thesis

Based on clarifying theoretical issues regarding the state's role in shaping sustainable development; and the current state of implementing the state's role in shaping sustainable development in the case study of Ha Tinh province; this dissertation proposes solutions to effectively implement the state's role in shaping sustainable development in Vietnam today.

2.2. Research objectives of the thesis

First,An overview of research findings related to the topic and the issues the dissertation needs to investigate regarding the role of the state in creating sustainable development in general and in Vietnam (including Ha Tinh province) in particular.Secondly,To clarify theoretical issues regarding sustainable development, the development economy, the sustainable development of the state, and the role of the state in creating sustainable development in general and in Vietnam in particular.Third,This study surveys and analyzes the role of the state in creating sustainable development, drawing from the reality of Ha Tinh province and offering insights for the whole country based on this locality.Fourth,Propose solutions to effectively implement the role of the state in fostering sustainable development in Vietnam today.

3.Research subjects and scopeof the thesis

3.1.Research subjectsof the thesis

Characteristics and content of the state that fosters sustainable development; the issue of the state's role in fostering sustainable development in Vietnam.

3.2. Scope and limitsstudy

Regarding the content:The research focuses on the fundamental content (functions, tasks, and methods) of the State's role in sustainable development and its implementation in Vietnam today.

In terms of spaceThe case study was conducted in Ha Tinh province.

TtimeThe period from the beginning of 2010 (when the issue of foreign economic cooperation was raised) to the present.

4. Theoretical basis and research methods of the thesis

4.1. Theoretical basis

The theoretical basis of the dissertation is Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh Thought on social development; modern theories on the development of the economy; the guidelines and policies of the Vietnamese Party and State in the process of renovation,...

4.2. Research Methodology

This thesis employs the methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism to approach the research and construct the main arguments of the entire dissertation (from theoretical and practical generalizations to identifying solutions) regarding the role of the state in building sustainable development and its implementation in Vietnam.

This study utilizes specific research methods such as analysis, synthesis, historical and logical integration, and comparison to investigate theoretical issues concerning the role of the state in building sustainable development and its implementation in Vietnam. It analyzes and clarifies the current situation in Ha Tinh province and offers insights for other provinces and localities nationwide.

Using analytical and synthetic methods, combining historical and logical approaches, and expert opinions, this study aims to identify solutions for implementing the state's role in fostering sustainable development in Vietnam today.

5. Scientific contributions of the thesis

The research findings of this thesis contribute to:First,i) To clarify relevant theoretical issues concerning the state-led economic system, sustainable development, and the state's role in creating sustainable development; ii) To contribute to the development of a new research direction in political science in general, and political science in particular, on the state-led economic system or the state's role in creating sustainable development now and in the future; iii) Accordingly, the state not only creates social development (in a broad sense), especially economic development as studies have shown so far, but also creates sustainable development (a newer and more challenging issue); iv) On a theoretical level, the thesis focuses on clarifying the methods (channels) of state influence and the criteria for evaluating that influence on social development to create sustainable development in Vietnam; v) Therefore, to clarify the basic characteristics (expressed in the functions, tasks, and methods of operation) of the state-led economic system in general and in Vietnam in particular.Secondi) Based on the theoretical foundations and evaluation criteria established in the theoretical section, the thesis assesses the current situation (results, limitations, and issues) in the implementation of the sustainable development role of the government in Ha Tinh province (as a case study); ii) From the reality of Ha Tinh, identify connections and suggestions for Vietnam (for the whole country); iii) These connections and suggestions are developed logically according to the advantages and opportunities, difficulties and challenges, barriers and solutions to form a sustainable development mindset in Vietnam.Third,i) Identify solutions (in terms of awareness, institutions, and resources) to effectively implement the State's role in building a sustainable development model in Vietnam now and in the coming years; ii) These solutions should not only reflect immediate measures but also demonstrate a perspective and vision that combines theory and reality, principles and practices, for implementing one of the long-term, fundamental tasks of building a sustainable development model in Vietnam.

6. Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis

Theoretical significanceThe research findings of this dissertation contribute to the development of the theory of sustainable economic development and sustainable economic development from the perspective of political science, especially political science in Vietnam today; it can be used as a reference material in research, teaching, and learning related to sustainable economic development and sustainable economic development,... in scientific research and teaching institutions in Vietnam.

Practical significanceThe research findings of this thesis contribute to providing theoretical and practical arguments for the development, improvement, and effective implementation of the Party and State's guidelines and policies on sustainable development in Vietnam.

7. Structure of the thesis

Besides the introduction, conclusion, bibliography, and list of related works by the author, the thesis is structured into 4 chapters and 10 sections.

Chapter 1

OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO THE TOPIC

1.1.Research on the developmental state

1.1.1. Research conducted abroad

Regarding theoretical and practical issues related to development construction and the development of the socio-economic system, numerous studies by individuals and groups of authors have been conducted in the form of articles, books, and journals. A prime example is the book..."MITI and the Japanese Miracle; The Growth of Industrial Policy 1925-1975”,(1982), Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, by Ch. Johnson; in the book “The Developmental State” by Woo-Cumings Meredith, Cornell University Press, 1999, there is an article“The Developmental State: Odyssey of Concept”,(1999), by author Ch.Johnson; the book“The Developmental State in History and in the Twentieth Century,(2003) by author AK Bagchi, Regency Publications, New Delhi; book“The Developmental State in Africa - Problems and Prospect”,(2010) by P. Meyns and Ch. Musamba (eds.), Institute for Development and Peace, INEF-Report 101/2010, Duisburg Publishers: INEF; article“How to “do” a developmental state: Political, Organizational, and Human Resource Requirements for the Developmental State”by author HJChang, published by O. Edigheji in the book "Constructing a Democratic Developmental State in South Africa - Potentials and Challenges”, (2010), Human Science Research Council Press, Cape Town, 2010; reports“Democratization in a Developmental State: The Case of Ethiopia-Issuaes, Challenges, and Prospects” of UNDP and report “Economic Report on Africa (2011): Governing Development in Africa- the Role of the State in Economic Transformation" of the United Nations Economic Council for Africa and the African Union; article "Bringing Politics Back in:Towards a Model of the developmental state" by author Adrian Leftwich published in The Journal of Development Studies; book "Embedded Autonomy, State and industrial transformation", by P. Evans, Princeton University Press; etc.

In addition, there are the following projects:“Late Marketisation versus Late Industrialization in East Asia”, (2005),by author Lee K. et al., Asian Pacific Economic Literature, 19(1), 42-59, 2005;“Towards a Democratic Developmental State”,(2006), by author G.White IDS Bulletin, 37(4), 60-70, 2006;“Democracy and State Capcity: Exploring a J-Shaped Relationship,"Governance" (2008) by H.Back and A.Hadenius, An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions, 21(1), 1-24, 2008;Embedded Autonomy, State and industrial transformation”(1995),by P. Avans, Princeton University Press, 1995; book “The Origin of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty: Why Nations Fail”,(2012), by authors D. Acemoglu and J. Robinson, Randon House; book“Breaking the Mold. An Institutionalist Political Economy Alternative to the Anchor-liberal Theory of the Market and the State”, (2002a),Cambridge Journal of Economics, 26 and “Kicking Away the Ladder.Development Strategy in Historical Perspective”, (2002b) London: Anthem Books by the same author Ha-Joon Chang; book“How to 'do' a developmental state: Political, Organizational, and Human Resource Requirements for the Developmental State”,(2010), in O.Edigheji (ed.), Constructing a Democratic Developmental State in South Africa - Potentials and Challenges (Human Science Research Council Press, Cape Town, 2010, by Chang, Ha‐Joon; book“Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation”, (1995), by author Evans, Peter B. (1995), Princeton: Princeton University Press;"States of Discord"(2002) by author TH.Friedman, March/April; book“Political Institutions and Economic Performance: The Government-Business Relations in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan”,(1985) by author Ch. Johnson in Asian Economic Development: Present and Future, eds. Robert Scalapino, Seizaburo Sato, and Jusuf Wanandi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985; article “The Nonsocialist NICs: East Asia”, 1986 by author Ch. Johnson in International Organization, No. 40:2;“The Logic of the Developmental State”,1991, by Z. Onis, Comparative Politics. 24. No. 1;“Late industrialisers, late democrats: developmental states in the Asia-Pacific”,(1996), by M.Thompson, Third World Quarterly, 17(4); etc., at different levels, refer to the role of the state in relation to development, suggesting research on the development economy.

1.1.2. Research conducted domestically

The theoretical issues of development construction in Vietnam have been addressed and approached from various angles by several authors, notably: the articles "Vietnam faces the challenge of building a developmental state.(2009) onhttp://www.tuanvietnam.netBy author Vu Minh Khuong;"Let's discuss the model further."na state that builds and develops”(2009), by author Pham Hung Hung published onhttp://www.tuanvietnam.net;"The developmental state -kconcept and reality(2016), by authors Ngo Huy Duc and Nguyen Thi Thanh Dung, Journal of Political Theory No. 11/2016);"Building a Development-Oriented State: International Experiences and Singapore - Recommendations for Vietnam"(2016), by author Vu Minh Khuong onhttp://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn, 2016;"The developmental state"”(2016), article by author Le Minh Quan, Journal of Political Theory, No. 8/2016; Book:"From a state that governs to a state that fosters development"(2017), book by authors Dinh Tuan Minh, Pham The Anh (co-editors), Tri Thuc Publishing House;"Building a developmental state in the Vietnamese context"(2017), Proceedings of the Ho Chi Minh National Academy-level Scientific Conference;"Decoding Prime Minister Phuc's Constructive Government" (2017), byAuthor Pham Quy Tho, Institute for Policy and Development - Ministry of Planning and Investment of Vietnam, on https://www.bbc.com/vietnamese; Article:"Building a proactive government - Opportunities and challenges for Vietnam"(2017), by author Le Quoc Ly, Journal of Political Theory, No. 4/2017;"The developmental state - Some theoretical and practical issues"(2017), by author Dinh Van Thuy, onhttp://lyluanchinhtri.vn, 2017; Articles on NNKTPT (2017), by the group of authors Nguyen Si Dung, Nguyen Minh Phong, Hoang Gia Minh and Ho Quang Phuong, People's Army Newspaper,http://www.qdnd.vn, 2017; “The developmental state: theory in the world and practice in Vietnam.” (2017), book by authors Trinh Quoc Toan, Vu Cong Giao (co-editors), published by Political Theory Publishing House, 2017;The developmental state and building a developmental state in Vietnam." by authors Dinh Ngoc Thang, Nguyen Van Quan, Procuracy Magazine (issue 6, March 2017); etc.

1.2.Research on sustainable development and the state that fosters sustainable development.

2.1.1. Research on sustainable development

a. Research conducted abroad:Regarding the perspectives, concepts, content, and strategies of sustainable development, there are numerous works, reports, and articles, notably: the report "Our Common Future" by the World Council on Environment and Development of the United Nations (WCED) in 1987; and various books:“An Introduction to Sustainable Development”(2007), by Peter P. Rogers, Kazi F. Jalal and John A. Boyd;“Understanding Sustainable Development”(2008) by John Blewitt;“The Principles of Sustainability”(2008), by Simon Dresner,“Sustainability Indicators: Measuring the Immeasurable?”(2008), by authors Simon Bell and Stephen Morse, etc.

 b. Research conducted domestically:Project VIE/01/021"Supporting the development and implementation of Vietnam's 21-nation Agenda.”(2001) - implemented by the Ministry of Planning and Investment, with the participation of many ministries, sectors, and localities, and the support of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA), and the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA); the book"Regarding current political trends in the world"(2006), reprinted in 2014, by author Le Minh Quan, National Political Publishing House; articles:"Sustainable Development - A Global Development Strategy for the 21st Century"(2008),by author Truong Quang Hoc, in the Scientific Proceedings of the Center for Resource and Environment Research, Vietnam National University, Hanoi;"Sustainable development: from concept to action"(2009), Ministry-level project led by the Institute for Environmental and Sustainable Development Research, author Ha Huy Thanh as project leader;"Politics and Sustainable Development in the Context of Globalization and International Integration - Theoretical and Practical Issues"(2009), Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference of the Academy of Journalism and Communication and the Office of the Friedrich Ebert Institute (Federal Republic of Germany), in which the role of the state in sustainable development is presented as a topic."The role of the state and political parties in sustainable development"by author Th. Meyer; the book"Peace, Cooperation, and Development - The Major Trends in the World Today"(2010) by the same author Le Minh Quan, National Political Publishing House; articles:"On the green economy in Vietnam"(2015), by author Nguyen Van Hau, Journal of Political Theory No. 12/2015;"Vietnam 2035: Towards Prosperity, Innovation, Equity, and Democracy"(2016), a book published by the World Bank and the Ministry of Planning and Investment of Vietnam.

2.1.2. Research on the role of the state in creating sustainable development

a. Research conducted abroad:Valuable reference books for research on the role of the state in creating sustainable development include, first and foremost, the book..."The State in a World in Transition”(1997), reference book, World Bank, edited by Ch. Adrian, National Political Publishing House;“Globalisation, Economic Development and the Role of the State”(2003), book by author HJChang, Zed Books, London;"Lee Kuan Yew's Memoirs"Volume 1 (2005), “The Singapore Story”, World Publishing House and Volume 2 (2017) “From Third World to First World”, National Political Publishing House;"Startup Nation: The Story of Israel's Economic Miracle"(2017), book by authors D. Senor and S. Singer, World Publishing House, (translated by Tri Vuong); articles:“Good governance in sustainable development: the impact of institutions(1998), by authors KCRoy and CATisdell, Viewpoint - International Journal of Social Economics, 25(6/7/8);"Economic Development and the Role of Industrial Policy in Japan"and"Industrial Development and Environmental Protection in Japan"by authors K. Kazumasa and Y. Hisashi, in the book"Japanese policy experience"(2016), published by the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics in collaboration with the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

b. Research conducted domesticallyTheses and papers include:"The role of law in sustainable development in our country in the current period"(2010), doctoral dissertation in law by author Vo Hai Long;"The role of the state in achieving social justice"”, (2011), Doctoral dissertation in political science by author Vo Thi Hoa;"The role of the state in integrating economic growth with environmental protection in Vietnam"(2014), Doctoral dissertation in philosophy by author Nguyen Thi Khuong; Article"Changes in the functions of the modern state"(2011), by author Le Minh Quan, Journal of Political Science, No. 6/2011; State-level project, chaired by the Institute of State and Law, Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics:"The role of the State in social development and social development management in our country during the reform process"(2017); Article"The developmental state model - a central factor in building and implementing the institution for national development"(2018), by author Nguyen Ke Tuan - National Economics University, on http://hdll.vn, published October 13, 2018; Article"The State serves and fosters development based on a human rights-based approach in Vietnam today."By author Thanh Le;Post""Improving economic institutions in the context of international integration"by the authorTran Nguyen Tuyenand articles by authors Nguyen Dinh Cung, Vo Dai Luoc, Tran Dinh Thien, Le Dang Doanh, Pham Chi Lan, etc.

In addition, there is "Prime Minister's Message, 2014Regarding the pioneering characteristics of the socio-economic development model, these include: i) shifting from a control function to governance and creation; ii) the state will be strong when each citizen feels that it is an institution that represents them; and iii) risk management (rather than dealing with problems after they have happened).

1.3. Research results related to the topic and issues requiring further research.

1.3.1. Research results related to the topic

The first, theresultresearch onNNKTPT:For several decades now, studies on the development of the state have been conducted abroad, initially by American researchers examining the miraculous economic success of Japan. This was followed by numerous other studies investigating the role of the state in the miraculous rise of East Asian nations, and later, some European and African countries. These studies have focused more deeply on issues such as: i) the concept; ii) the origins; iii) the characteristics and models; iv) the role; and v) the modes of operation, etc., of the development of the state in relation to the economy, or the role of the state (in the case studies) in creating economic development. These studies have not yet had the need or opportunity to delve deeply into the issue of the development of the state in relation to the development of other areas of social life, and more recently, the issue of sustainable development.

In Vietnam, the issue of building and implementing a developmental economy has attracted the attention of public opinion, scientists, and practitioners, reflecting the widespread influence of the message put forth by political leaders. Accordingly, research on developmental economies has only begun in Vietnam since the 2010s, based on studies by authors worldwide. This research focuses on the following issues: i) Searching for and building a general theoretical framework for developmental economies – from its origins, concepts, nature, characteristics, and classification to the characteristics, methods, and environment for ensuring the successful implementation of a developmental economy in general. ii) Analyzing the experiences of countries that have successfully built developmental economies, and drawing out valuable references for the practical implementation of a developmental economy in Vietnam. iii) Assess Vietnam's suitability for the developmental economy model from various current political, legal, cultural, administrative, and governance perspectives. iv) Propose viewpoints and solutions for successfully implementing the developmental economy model in Vietnam, in accordance with Vietnam's conditions and meeting the requirements of sustainable development.

With various approaches, domestic and international studies have discussed many issues regarding the origin, concept, content, and nature of the developmental state model, experiences from several countries around the world on the developmental state model, and offered observations and suggestions for building a developmental state model in Vietnam today. Vietnamese researchers accept these existing theories and have made few additions or differences to the summarized theories. Research in Vietnam mainly focuses on the orientation of applying the advantages of the developmental state model to the conditions of our country, which is an objective necessity in the current period, suggesting ways to build a developmental state model and apply this state governance model to Vietnam today. The aforementioned research results are a rich source of valuable reference materials (in terms of approach, research methods, and results) that can be absorbed and inherited to achieve the goals and tasks of this dissertation.

Monday, theresultresearch onSustainable development and sustainable economic development:Regarding sustainable development, numerous works (topics, conferences, scientific seminars, books, scientific articles, even textbooks and curricula, etc.), with different approaches, have presented a common and relatively unified understanding of the concept of sustainable development, explaining the necessity of deeply understanding and correctly implementing the Party and State's policies on sustainable development. These works have pointed out some results, limitations, and issues regarding the implementation of policies and the institutionalization through legal regulations on sustainable development in some sectors, fields, and localities, as well as the role of the state in sustainable development in Vietnam. However, in studies on factors affecting sustainable development, the state factor has only been mentioned to a very limited and indirect extent. Regarding the relationship between the state and sustainable development, some works have addressed it, but not directly or specifically. This is because, until now, the issues of sustainable development and the development of the economy have been complex and novel in both theory and practice, containing both opportunities and challenges for Vietnam.

Regarding sustainable developmental states in general and in Vietnam in particular, most studies analyze and clarify models of developmental states around the world, considering the conditions and specific characteristics of each country and previous historical periods – periods focused on economic development (growth), without the requirements and conditions for developmental states in other areas of society, especially sustainable development, as is the case today. Therefore, they have not delved deeply into the construction of a model of a developmental state in general and in Vietnam in particular as is currently the case. Existing works have only indirectly addressed, or addressed in separate groups of content, the relationship between developmental states and specific areas of development in Vietnam, especially the economic and environmental content groups; There are some suggestions for building a sustainable economic development model for the country, including the state creating a favorable environment for businesses and people to engage in production and business activities, economic growth, or strategic orientation for human resource development, etc., but there is no systematic and direct research on sustainable economic development or the role of the state in creating sustainable development in general and in Vietnam in particular.

1.3.2. Issues requiring further research in the thesis

First,Based on a selective approach, incorporating research findings from around the world and in Vietnam on the theory and practice of sustainable economic development, we will continue to clearly define (and affirm) the instrumental meaning of the concept of sustainable economic development and sustainable development, in order to clarify the meaning of the concept of sustainable economic development or the role of sustainable economic development in creating sustainable development.Secondly,Based on a selective approach, incorporating research findings from around the world and in Vietnam regarding the content and methods (channels) of impact of the development economy and criteria for evaluating that impact on socio-economic development, this study clarifies the content and methods (channels) of state impact and criteria for evaluating that impact on social development in order to create sustainable development in Vietnam.Third,Selecting and adopting the best aspects of sustainable economic development models worldwide to serve as a basis for building a specific sustainable economic development model in Vietnam, clarifying the fundamental characteristics (reflected in functions, tasks, and operating methods) of sustainable economic development in general and in Vietnam in particular.Fourth,Based on the theoretical foundations and evaluation criteria established in the theoretical section, this study assesses the current situation (results, limitations, and issues) in the implementation of the sustainable development role of the government in Ha Tinh province (as a case study); and uses the reality of Ha Tinh province to identify connections and suggestions regarding advantages and opportunities, difficulties and challenges, obstacles and solutions for Vietnam (for the whole country) in implementing the state's sustainable development role.Fifthly,Identifying solutions (representing not only immediate measures, but also a perspective and vision combining theory and reality, doctrine and practice, for the implementation of one of the long-term, fundamental tasks) to effectively fulfill the State's role in creating sustainable development in Vietnam under the current and future conditions of a market economy, promoting industrialization, modernization, and international integration.

Chapter 2

SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES

ON THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN CREATING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2.1.LTheories on the developmental state and sustainable development

2.1.1.The concept and characteristics of a developmental state.

2.1.1.1. The concept of a developmental state

The term developmental state was first mentioned by Ch. Johnson in his work (MITT and the Japanese Miracle,1982)After studying the model of government that Japan adopted during the period 1925-1975, Ch. Johnson's initial purpose in using the idea of ​​a planned economy was to "overcome the contrast between the US economy (typical of a free-market capitalist economic model) and the Soviet Union (typical of a centrally planned economic model)."

Ch. Johnson's (1982) concept of the developmental state has become the foundation for approaches and research to date. Many authors have clarified and added some points about the characteristics, and even criticized some aspects of the model. In Vietnam, in recent years, there have been many articles on the developmental state model, similar to that in Japan (1925-1975) and in the new context. Many authors, both domestic and foreign, have shown that the concept of the developmental state refers to a governance model, not a type of state (it is a fusion of the advantages of a regulatory state and a command state; it differs from a regulatory state in its operational methods and from a command state in the objects it leads).

According to the author of this thesis, the most general understanding is as follows:A developing economy is a state with a strategic vision, an efficient state administrative apparatus, and high-quality human resources, capable of effectively identifying and implementing development goals (especially economic development) based on market adaptation.

2.1.1.2. Basic characteristics of a developmental state

According to Ch. Johnson, the developmental state, as modeled after Japan, has the following main characteristics: “a talented, small but highly effective civil service; an administration fully empowered to initiate and operate effectively, enabling the political elite and talented civil servants to realize their will and development goals; an organization (agency) that plays a leading role in guiding and directing long-term economic development (MITI); and financial institutions and administrative guidelines to intervene and guide adaptation to the market in the best way possible.”Thecontent andThe characteristics of the later Japanese model of socio-economic development wereadded byA. Leftwith, Linda Weiss, UNDP,... and Ngo Huy Duc, Nguyen Thi Thanh Dung, Trinh Quoc Toan, Vu Cong Giao, Nguyen Sy Dung, Le Minh Quan, Dinh Van Thuy,... and many other authors, etc. According to some authors, theoretical points need to be supplemented because the classical model of the Economic Development Network (EDN) is still at a certain level of generalization/low level; therefore, a higher level of generalization and systematic approach is needed when building an EDN in the new context. Accordingly, first of all, it is necessary to ensure a consistent guiding ideology regarding development policies with the political determination of the political system and high consensus in society; it is necessary to ensure continuity in future generations regarding the consistency of the policies.

Based on research into previous works and articles, this dissertation provides a general overview of the model of the National Economic Development Plan (in the new context), highlighting its characteristics as follows:The first,In terms of objectives, the National Economic Development Program (NED) is primarily aimed at generating high and sustained economic growth.Monday,In terms of functions and tasks, the socio-economic development sector defines its vision and development orientation, builds development programs and plans, proactively guides and intervenes while respecting the market, possesses consistent political will and a comprehensive development vision; and effectively and fairly governs society, adapting quickly to change.Tuesday,In terms of organizational structure, the National Economic Development Program has a professional, efficient, and competent administrative apparatus with close ties to the private sector, free from the influence of vested interests, a team of ethical, talented, professional, and diligent civil servants; public consensus; and a specialized agency for development.Wednesday,In terms of environment, requirements, and conditions, a developing economy needs a talented political elite, a weak civil society, a strong government, and a focus on concentrating resources for economic development.

2.1.2. Concepts and basic content of sustainable development

2.1.2.1. The concept of sustainable development

In recent decades, sustainable development has been a concept referring to the comprehensive development trend of society (in a broad sense). The concept of sustainable development (SD) first attracted attention at the United Nations Conference on "Humans and the Environment" in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1972. To date, there are many definitions of SD, such as in the 1987 report "Our Future" by the United Nations World Council on Environment and Development (WCED): "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." However, at a deeper level, at the World Summits: the 1992 Summit defined SD as "healthy socio-economic development based on the rational use of resources and environmental protection to meet the needs of the present generation without adversely affecting future generations in meeting their own needs"; the 2002 Summit defined SD as "economic sustainability; social sustainability; "Environmentally sustainable, ensuring development not only for the present generation but also for future generations,"... These concepts have relatively consistent content; perhaps the only difference is the addition and refinement to a global theme and development orientation.

2.1.2.2The basic content of sustainable development.

The content of sustainable development is very broad, encompassing not only economic and social development, environmental protection, and especially human development for present and future generations, but also the "reconciliation" between economic development, social development, and environmental protection. Sustainable development includes environmentally friendly economic development; linking economic development with the achievement of social progress and equity; protecting and developing cultural identity; exploiting and utilizing natural resources, protecting the environment and biodiversity.

Vietnam has embraced, implemented, and consistently pursued the socialist orientation with the goal of a prosperous people, a strong nation, democracy, fairness, and civilization.Regarding economic developmentThat is the guideline and policy for developing a socialist-oriented market economy;socialThese include social welfare, education and training, healthcare, and cultural policies oriented towards socialism;about the environmentThis refers to the policy of exploiting, regenerating, and protecting the ecological environment. With the above orientation and implementation of the sustainable development strategy, the issue of creating the prerequisites for the state to fulfill its role in creating sustainable development in Vietnam is currently attracting great attention from society.

2.2. The role of the developmental state in sustainable development

2.2.1.Definition andThe fundamental characteristics of a developmental state in sustainable development.

2.2.1.1. Definition of the developmental state in sustainable development

As the trend of sustainable development has become an objective global necessity in recent decades, it can be said that the "traditional" concept of a sustainable economic economy is no longer entirely appropriate. This is because the "traditional" sustainable economic economy focuses only on economic development, generating high economic growth without adequately addressing social issues, environmental protection, and natural resource conservation, etc., in a sustainable manner. Therefore, the current sustainable economic economy not only focuses on economic growth but also on addressing social issues and protecting the environment – ​​that is, a sustainable economic economy.

The current model of the socio-economic development model in sustainable development needs to be supplemented with new content from the perspective of goals or awareness towards development (the software of the socio-economic development model) and institutional structure or organizational apparatus, especially the administrative apparatus, to realize state policies, with institutions regarding organizational structure and operating mechanisms based on principles and standards (the hardware of the socio-economic development model) to support sustainable development processes.

Based on the concept of NNNKTPT as stated above, according to the author of this thesis, it can be understood in the most general way as follows:A sustainable development state is one that possesses a strategic vision, an efficient organizational structure, and high-quality human resources, capable of effectively identifying and implementing socio-economic development and environmental protection goals while adapting to market forces and changes.

2.2.1.2. Basic characteristics (in objectives; functions, tasks; organizational structure...) of the developmental state in sustainable development

Firstly, regarding the objectives of the National Economic Development Plan (NDP) in sustainable development:i) To foster sustainable development in all areas of social life, from economics to politics, culture, society, environment, and especially human development. ii) Among the contents of development building, the most important remains the development of a market economy, but a sustainable market economy, thus preventing social and environmental degradation. Furthermore, social, cultural, and human development, and environmental protection, become important components and objects of state influence.Secondly, regarding the functions and responsibilities of the National Economic Development Plan in sustainable development:i) The functions and tasks of the state are to define the strategic vision (developing and implementing strategies, creating an environment and conditions for social development), forecast, share and guide development, promote efficiency and entrepreneurial spirit in development management, etc. ii) To identify and implement socio-economic development goals and environmental protection effectively based on adaptation to market mechanisms. iii) The state does not replace the people, businesses, and society; it does not directly create economic growth but only plays the role of a partner and catalyst in pursuing and promoting activities towards common goals continuously and effectively through the quality of institutions, legal systems, policies, and the effectiveness and efficiency of the process of organizing and implementing laws and policies. iv) The State is the main entity in creating development not only in the economy, generating high, sustainable, and environmentally friendly economic growth, but also in creating and ensuring social progress and equity, protecting and developing cultural identity, exploiting and utilizing natural resources, protecting the environment, ensuring harmony between economic development and social development and environmental protection, and ensuring human development for present and future generations. v) The State builds and operates policy-oriented institutions that support development, promote all opportunities, initiatives, and resources, and nurture all drivers of social development, especially economic development, for the common good of the nation, the people, and the lives of all citizens.Thirdly, regarding the organizational structure of the State for Economic and Technical Cooperation in the context of sustainable development:The state, and especially the government, should have a streamlined, transparent, effective, and efficient organizational structure that adapts to development requirements; a team of officials and civil servants, especially administrative officials, who are relatively independent, professional, high-quality, dedicated, and diligent in performing their duties; they should value talent, especially talent in mobilizing all resources for development, or high-quality human resources for socio-economic development and environmental protection; the heads of the ruling party, government, etc., should be exemplary individuals in terms of character and ability, with prestige, and should be democratically selected and elected, not autocratic or dictatorial figures (making decisions without scientific justification).Fourth, regarding the environment, requirements and conditions of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in sustainable development:i) The developmental state in sustainable development exists and thrives in the environment and conditions of a modern market economy, democracy, the rule of law, and a civil society with an increasingly developed level of public education, strong leadership with foresight, competence, and strong commitment. ii) The developmental state in sustainable development exists and thrives in the environment and conditions of the rapid development of modern science and technology, especially information technology, globalization, and the knowledge economy. iii) The developmental state in sustainable development exists and thrives in the long term under conditions of peace and stability. iv) The developmental state in sustainable development exists and thrives in the environment and conditions of sustainable development itself – from economic development to culture, society, environmental protection, and especially human development.

In Vietnam, since the Sixth National Congress of the Party, we have gradually abandoned the model of a centrally planned state and built a state model oriented towards enhancing the capacity for development: establishing a socialist-oriented market economy, and formulating policies for industrialization and modernization of the country. The development-oriented state in sustainable development, in addition to the above characteristics, also includes: i) a socialist rule of law state of the people, by the people, and for the people; ii) led by the Communist Party of Vietnam; iii) unified state power belonging to the people, with a division of labor and coordination among state agencies in the exercise of legislative, executive, and judicial powers; iv) a state that develops the country according to socialist/sustainable development orientations.

2.2.2.The role of the developmental state in sustainable development

2.2.2.1. Perfecting the socialist-oriented market economy and fulfilling its role in creating sustainable economic development..The firstFirmly adhering to the path towards socialism during the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy; selecting and embracing the best aspects of advanced development models.MondayA strategic vision for socio-economic development and environmental protection based on scientific forecasting and in line with contemporary trends, as well as the national or local conditions and capabilities (including planning), aims to achieve sustainable development goals.TuesdayThe State promulgates and implements regulations to encourage entities to participate in production and business activities, oriented towards the market.WednesdayThe State regulates and distributes economic development resources according to key sectors, regions, etc.

In addition, the State has policies to: develop a multi-sector economy oriented towards socialism; shift the economic structure towards promoting industrialization and modernization, and reorganizing state-owned enterprises; improve the efficiency and competitiveness of the private economic sector; restructure state-owned and private enterprises according to the principle of equal competition; develop the market system, and laws regulating the legal framework for the market system.

2.2.2.2. The State fosters social development towards sustainability.

The State is concerned with social values ​​such as the welfare of the people, the right to knowledge, the right to participate in political and social activities, and the right to cooperate with the State in development, etc.; labor, employment, wages, and income distribution... The strategy prioritizes investment in increasing the knowledge and creativity content in socio-economic development, promoting the diversity and effectiveness of the startup movement that has been and is being fostered; social justice, social security; cultural and social institutions, human development, and human resource development; improving the quality of education, training, healthcare, science and technology... to meet the requirements of the industrialization and modernization of the country.

2.2.2.3. The developmental state is linked toenvironmental protection

The role of the state in determining the relationship between economic growth, social issues, and environmental protection, especially in formulating policies, strategies, and laws; organizing the administrative apparatus and personnel; mobilizing capital, conducting scientific and technological research to reduce environmental impact and pollution, and enhancing social and individual responsibility...

Chapter 3

THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN CREATING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

In Ha Tinh Province today, the issues raised and suggestions for improvement are as follows:

3.1. The role of the state in creating sustainable development in Ha Tinh

3.1.1. The current context of sustainable development in Ha Tinh province.

3.1.1.1. Characteristicsgeography andconditionsnatural in Ha Tinh province

Ha Tinh, located in the Central region of Vietnam, has a harsh natural environment. Its area is 6055 km² (20% agricultural land; 80% forest land). National Highway 1A, the Ho Chi Minh Highway, and the railway run through the province. It shares a 143 km border with Laos, including the Cau Treo International Border Gate (National Highway 8A facilitates economic and cultural exchange with ASEAN countries); it has a 137 km coastline and deep-water seaports (Vung Ang, Son Duong) capable of receiving ships up to 400,000 tons. The province has 245 km of waterways. Ha Tinh also possesses potential and advantages in ecotourism linked to historical and spiritual tourism, beach tourism, and other forms of tourism.

3.1.1.2. The socio-economic, political, defense, and security situation is as follows:This directly impacts the current development of Ha Tinh province.The achievements and experiences gained after 30 years of re-establishing the province and implementing the Renovation process have created a new momentum and strength... The foundation for socio-economic development is basically secured; industry has become a driving force for growth and promotes socio-economic development. There are favorable conditions for agricultural development. Culture and society have achieved quite comprehensive results. Comprehensive education maintains its top ranking nationwide. National defense and security are ensured. Personnel work, restructuring and streamlining the administrative apparatus, and administrative reform have initially yielded noteworthy results.

3.1.2. Current situationImplementing the role of the current Ha Tinh provincial government in fostering sustainable development.

3.1.2.1. The Ha Tinh Provincial Government creates the conditions and prerequisites for fulfilling its role in fostering sustainable economic development.

a.NThe consistent policy is to shift from purely agricultural production to industrial development.newstrategic visionlong term.Accelerate the overall planning, explore and develop strategies for industrial and handicraft development, and promote the development of key economic regions.

b. Creating a favorable legal environment forsustainable economic development

The firstThe provincial Party committee and government, starting from the earliest and most consistent policy, have determined accordingly.strategic vision developWith high consensus within the political system and among the people; creating the necessary conditions and ensuring a favorable legal environment for development in a socialist-oriented market economy (transitioning from purely agricultural production to industrial development; increasingly closer to the market, developing a multi-sector economy); focusing resources on leveraging the advantages of the Vung Ang deep-water seaport, the Cau Treo International Border Gate, and important transportation routes,...; effectively exploiting social resources in the area.Monday,Allocation for investment in socio-economic development in the plains, rural areas, coastal areas, mountainous areas, and remote areas.Tuesday,The provincial government ensures the necessary infrastructure, materials, and equipment to fulfill its role in fostering development.

c. Streamline the organizational structure to ensure transparency, effectiveness, and efficiency..Reorganize and reform the administrative apparatus, and improve the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of the political system in a development-oriented direction.

d. GuaranteePolitical stability, national defense, security, and social order are essential for achieving sustainable economic development goals and strategies..In particular, when the 2016 marine environmental incident occurred, all resources were mobilized to quickly stabilize the situation amidst countless difficulties and complexities.

From a poor province, it has now basically escaped poverty. Revenue collection in the province in 2015 reached over 15,000 billion VND (7.6 times higher than in 2010), and continued to grow in subsequent years (reaching 13.8 trillion VND in 2019, ranking 3rd in the North Central region). It has attracted 714 domestic investment projects with 29,000 billion VND and 30 FDI projects with 372 million USD (Ha Tinh is among the top 10 in the country).

3.1.2.2. The Ha Tinh Provincial Government plays a constructive role in socio-cultural aspects of sustainable development.Along with focusing on economic growth, the Ha Tinh provincial government has paid attention to institutions and mechanisms to effectively address social issues, prevent risks that could lead to unbalanced development or a focus solely on economic growth; and improve the quality of culture and society, social security, and human development.

3.1.2.3. The Ha Tinh Provincial Government plays a role in creating sustainability regardingresources, environmental protectionCurrentlyImplementing resolutions, laws, and decrees; issuing regulations, decisions, and guidelines… Focusing on solid waste management, food safety and hygiene…; reporting on environmental impacts. In particular, monitoring 24/7 the issue of wastewater discharge after steel production.

3.1.3.Limitations in the implementation of the state's role in creating sustainable development in Ha Tinh province and beyond.cause.Limitations in the development of sustainable economic development; Limitations in the development of sustainable social factors; Limitations in the development of ecological environmental protection.

Limitations in strategic vision and implementation of mechanisms, laws, and policies, creating an environment for the three pillars: economy, society, and environmental protection (regarding vision, mechanisms and policies to attract investment and develop tourism; quality of institutions; administrative apparatus, law enforcement, etc.)

 3.1.3.4.The cause of hLimitations in the implementation of the state's role in creating sustainable development in Ha Tinh today.

3.2. Issues raised regarding the role of the state in creating sustainable development in Ha Tinh and suggestions for improvement.

3.2.1. Issues raised regarding the role of the state in creating sustainable development in Ha Tinh province today.

3.2.1.1. These vthe problem raised vèrequestregarding the constructive role of the state insustainable economic developmentliveHa Tinh province today.To increasingly approach the modern development model:Services, tourism - Modern, high-tech industries - Clean agriculture applying high technologyTherefore, mechanisms, policies, and the mobilization of potential, advantages, and innovation are needed to develop the economy, focusing on port services, logistics, supporting and downstream steel industries, processing and manufacturing; tourism; smart cities with e-government, and improving the quality of human resources. Over-reliance on FDI is also necessary.

 3.2.1.2.Issues raised regarding requirements forthe constructive role of the state inSustainable socio-cultural development, security and order.The current challenge for Ha Tinh is to create a stable and long-term political and social environment, with high levels of public consensus, in order to develop a sustainable economy while simultaneously improving culture, spirituality, and social welfare.

3.2.1.3.Issues raised regarding requirements forthe constructive role of the state inEnvironmental sustainability in Ha Tinh province today(Developing mechanisms, policies, and organizational structures for the comprehensive and long-term implementation of environmental protection laws, preventing environmental incidents, and safeguarding human health).

3.2.1.4. Issues arising from the requirements for economic development linked to effectively addressing social and environmental problems in Ha Tinh province today.

3.2.2. Suggestions on the role of the state in creating sustainable development in Vietnam from the current reality of Ha Tinh province.

3.2.2.1. Suggestions regarding vision and development thinking

3.2.2.2. Suggestions regarding general and specific policies.

3.2.2.3. Suggestions regarding the quality and effectiveness of the administrative apparatus.

3.2.2.4. Suggestions regarding opportunities and challenges in fulfilling the state's role in creating sustainable development.(Vision, the influence of centralized planning mechanisms, the "request-and-grant" system; institutional quality; administrative apparatus...; adoption of experience and new trends).

Chapter 4

THESOLUTIONS FOR FULFILLING THE ROLEKDEVELOPMENT DEPLOYMENT SUSTAINABILITY OF THE STATE IN VIETNAM TODAYNOW

4.1. Solutions regarding awareness for fulfilling the role of fostering sustainable development in Vietnam today.

4.1.1.Summary of practical experiences in implementing the state's role in fostering sustainable development.in Vietnam today

While the role of the state in creating sustainable development is not a new theoretical or practical issue in other countries, it is a new one in Vietnam, leading to differing opinions. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the practical implementation of the state's role in creating sustainable development, in order to establish, supplement, and perfect the legal framework to ensure the state's role in creating sustainable development in the new context, based on the socialist rule of law.

4.1.2.Propaganda, education, dissemination, and fostering political will and social consensus on the role of the state in creating sustainable development.

4.1.2.1.Promoting, educating, and disseminating information about the role of the National Target Program in sustainable development.

4.1.2.2. TTo create political will and social consensus on the developmental state and its role in relation tosustainable development

4.2. Institutional solutions for the implementation of the state's role in fostering sustainable development in Vietnam today.

4.2.1. Building and perfecting a sustainable development-oriented state in VietnamCurrently

4.2.1.1.Clearly define goals, strategic vision, and principles.for fulfilling the constructive rolesustainable developmentof the state 

4.2.1.2.Building and perfecting the institutional framework of the state apparatus towards a sustainable development-oriented state.(Promoting the role of the National Assembly; the role and responsibility of the Government in effectively implementing the state's role in creating sustainable development; administrative reform, valuing talent; building an e-government, etc.) to meet the requirements of creating sustainable development.

4.2.2. DA breakthroughreform theinstitutions(mechanism,policy(law) meets construction requirementsThe state fosters sustainable development.Focus on creating a favorable and transparent legal environment to ensure the implementation of sustainable development.

4.2.3. Organizing the implementation of institutions, policies, and laws in building sustainable development.

4.2.3.1. Timplementroleconstructionsustainable developmentthroughworkforecast, share, and guideof the State

4.2.3.2. Ensuring the mechanismStateSaving money and adopting an entrepreneurial spirit in management.sustainable development

4.3. Resource solutions for fulfilling the State's role in fostering sustainable development in Vietnam today.

4.3.1.Enhancing the capacity of civil servants to meet implementation requirements.the role of creating sustainable developmentBuilding a team of officials and public employees who always act in the best interests of the nation and people, who dare to act and take responsibility before the people,...; improving the quality of human resources.

4.3.2. Rational and efficient use of budget and facilities.Buttechnical assurance forthe state apparatus implementsthe role of creating sustainable development(Based on restructuring and streamlining the administrative apparatus and political system).

CONCLUDE

Researching and searching for an "effective state model" is the aspiration of many countries, especially when considering the two schools of thought.state regulation(British and American style) andstate command(Typically the Soviet Union) had many limitations. Many scientists and politicians have conducted in-depth research to find a new model of state management to lead their nations to prosperity. Ch. Johnson, one of the leading researchers on this issue, was the first to introduce the concept of a "developmental state" in his work.MITI and the Japanese Miracle(1982), which emphasizes the state's proactive and effective role in intervening in the market economy to achieve the highest efficiency in economic growth. However, in practice, it has been observed that the development economy of the 20th century only focused on economic growth and did not concentrate on sustainable development across all three pillars (economy, socio-cultural aspects, and environmental protection) in the present and for the future, because the dominant ideology of sustainable development has not yet been comprehensive and consistent across countries. Therefore, with the widespread trend and increasing demands for sustainable development, along with the need for transparency and democracy under the strong impact of globalization, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the knowledge economy, the digital economy, etc..(referred to as the new context) the current model of the socio-economic development system first needs to build upon the strengths of the previous socio-economic development system model and fulfill its role in effectively addressing the demands of the new context, especially:i)A higher level of capability is needed in development creation: having a strategic vision and setting the right goals for sustainable development;ii)Creating a favorable environment (legal, political stability, etc.) and ensuring rapid adaptation to change, respecting the market, the capacity to mobilize resources and organize implementation, promoting joint activities; best meeting the requirements of modern, scientific governance and strengthening forecasting, monitoring, and early detection of potential imbalances, ensuring macroeconomic stability; controlling power;... andiii)There is a need for more profound adjustments and additions to the consistent and systematic approach, as well as the high level of generalization regarding sustainable development – ​​the guiding ideology that forms the foundation for the state to best fulfill its role in creating sustainable development both now and in the future.

In short, the socio-economic development state in the new context still retains the essence of a rule-of-law, democratic state (in Vietnam, a socialist rule-of-law state) and focuses on institutional quality (legal system) to develop towards sustainable development with modern governance; it cannot be a weak state nor an overly interventionist state in the market, but rather it integrates the advantages of a regulatory state - a free market economy - and a command state - a centrally planned economy (but it differs from a regulatory state in its management methods and from a command state in the subjects it leads/the market economy).

In the process of reform, Vietnam has consistently pursued the principle of sustainable development/socialist orientation (this is the guiding ideology); it has fundamentally shifted from a centralized planning mechanism to a socialist-oriented market mechanism and towards building sustainable development; it has become increasingly clear in defining the goals, functions, tasks, and organizational structure of the development state in sustainable development, with a focus on breakthroughs, creating a legal environment, and establishing the prerequisites to ensure the fulfillment of its role in building sustainable development in a socialist-oriented market economy; and it has strengthened supervision and ensured effective and fair governance. Gradually meeting human resource needs, etc. In particular, when studying the role of the state in creating sustainable development in localities, a thorough analysis of Ha Tinh province (from a poor, purely agricultural province with potential in industry, port services, and tourism...) was conducted. With a consistent ideology and a continuous strategic vision of development, "shifting to industrial, agricultural, service, and tourism development," Ha Tinh has made rapid progress, attracting large investment capital for economic growth (especially FDI); along with that, the material, cultural, and spiritual lives of the people have been increasingly improved. However, there are still limitations and shortcomings (especially the balance between economic growth and social stability; environmental protection); The issues and challenges ahead have been discussed, leading to suggestions regarding the role of the state in creating sustainable development in Vietnam in general (in terms of vision and development thinking; mechanisms and policies; quality and effectiveness of the political system, administrative apparatus, and power control; and high-quality human resources). From this, key and fundamental solutions should be implemented synchronously, with particular emphasis on the following:

1) To build and comprehensively improve the state institutions and apparatus towards a sustainable development-oriented state (the foundation being the clarification of theoretical and practical issues regarding the role of the socialist rule of law state across all three branches of power: legislative, executive, and judicial, for the goal of sustainable development, while upholding the important principle of the "supremeity" of law).

2) Implement breakthrough reforms in institutions, mechanisms, and policies to meet the requirements of national development.a state that fosters sustainable development firmClearly defining objectives and strategic vision, coupled with forecasting capabilities, and ensuring clear principles based on modern state governance, thereby correctly and effectively fulfilling the state's role in creating sustainable development.

3) Resource-related solutions (Enhancing the capacity of civil servants and high-quality human resources; rationally and effectively utilizing the budget, physical and technical infrastructure, and promoting the modernization of the administration, providing online public services, creating a framework and legal environment for implementing e-government and e-administration associated with smart cities, etc.) to meet the increasingly demanding role of the state in creating sustainable development in the present and future.

The above suggestions are insightful, and Vietnam needs to combine and draw on experiences from other countries to develop a suitable management and operational model, enhancing its capacity for sustainable development; and to build a flexible, adaptable, and modern model for sustainable development, ensuring the goals and orientations of the socialist rule of law. This will lead to the successful achievement of the goals of a prosperous people, a strong nation, and a democratic, just, and civilized society; and the firm protection of the independence, sovereignty, territory, airspace, and maritime integrity of the Fatherland.