MASTER'S THESIS INFORMATION
1. Student's full name:Phoukham MATTHINVONG
2. Gender: Female
3. Date of birth: November 26, 1986
4. Place of birth: Luang Prabang, Laos
5. Decision on recognition of students No. 2679/2015/QD-XHNV-SDH, dated November 10, 2015 of the President of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi.
6. Changes in the training process:
7. Thesis topic name:Survey of idioms and proverbs with number elements in Lao, compared with Vietnamese.
8. Major: Linguistics Code: 60.22.02.40
9. Scientific instructor:Assoc.Prof.Dr. Pham Hung Viet
10. Summary of thesis results:
Through the research on the topic "Survey of idioms and proverbs with number elements in Lao, compared with Vietnamese", the thesis has summarized a number of issues:
10.1. In Lao, there is no distinction between idioms and proverbs, but they are all called "xu phaxit", while in Vietnamese, idioms and proverbs as well as folk songs are distinguished quite clearly. Both Lao xu phaxit and Vietnamese idioms are the result of creativity in the daily work and life of the people of the two countries, so they contain the spiritual values of the lives of the people of each country.
Number words belong to the basic word class of the language. In Lao and Vietnamese idioms, there are numbers. Each number has a high symbolic value, thereby expressing the flexible and rich way of thinking of the creative subject of Lao and Vietnamese people.
10.2. Surveying the structural characteristics of idioms containing numbers in Lao idioms and Vietnamese idioms, the author has compiled the following statistics: In Lao idioms, there are 89 idioms containing number elements, with 13 number elements and 134 occurrences. In Vietnamese idioms, there are 144 idioms containing number elements, with 20 number elements and 216 occurrences. Of which, 11 number elements appear in both Lao and Vietnamese idioms, 1 element appears only in Lao idioms and 9 elements appear only in Vietnamese idioms. Number elements that appear frequently in Lao idioms and Vietnamese idioms are: Nung (one); Xam (three); Xip (ten); Xoong (two).
Regarding the number of numerical elements appearing in an idiom, both Lao and Vietnamese idioms have a very high proportion of idioms containing 1 and 2 elements, while idioms containing 3 and 4 elements are very few and insignificant. In terms of structure, idioms containing numerical elements in Lao and Vietnamese are all composed of 4, 5, 6 and more than 6 syllables. Of which, sentences with long structures of 6 syllables or more account for the highest proportion.
10.3. Survey on the semantics of idioms containing words indicating numbers in Lao idioms and compare with Vietnamese idioms, we see:
In terms of the literal meaning of numbers in Lao idioms, the numbers in Lao idioms as well as Vietnamese idioms both have the original meaning, the original meaning is to indicate quantity, order. The number elements in Lao and Vietnamese can go with nouns indicating time, people, body parts, animals, plants and things, phenomena. The number elements that go with nouns indicating things, phenomena account for the highest percentage, while the numbers that go with nouns indicating animals, plants account for only a very low, insignificant percentage.
In terms of the symbolic meaning of numbers in Lao idioms, odd numbers appear more frequently and bring to the idiom many profound symbolic meanings. Of the 13 number elements appearing in Lao, 6/13 are odd numbers, with a frequency of 84/134 occurrences; 4/12 elements are even numbers (not counting large numbers), with 46/134 occurrences in Lao idioms, and 3/12 elements are large numbers, with 4/134 occurrences. Each number brings to the idiom different and very diverse symbolic meanings.
Considering the cultural symbolism of idioms containing numbers in Lao idioms, it shows that out of a total of 89 Lao idioms containing numbers, 9/89 idioms express awareness of nature, accounting for 10.1%; 80/89 idioms express awareness of family and society, accounting for 89.9%.
Comparing the semantics of idioms containing numbers in Lao and Vietnamese idioms, we can see that there are many similarities, but at the same time there are also distinct features. These differences have created cultural features as well as unique features in the idioms of each country, contributing to enriching and diversifying the idiom treasure of each nation.
11. Practical application:
12. Further research directions:
13. Published works related to the thesis:
INFORMATION ON MASTER'S THESIS
1. Full name: Phoukham MATTHINVONG 2. Sex: Female
3. Date of birth: November 26, 1986 4. Place of birth: Luang Prabang province, LAO PDR.
5. Admission decision number: 2679/2015/QD-XHNV-SDH November 11, 2015 by the Rector of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Dated: November 10, 2014
6. Changes in academic process:
7. Official thesis title: Survey of idioms with works indicating numbers in Lao language in comparison with Vietnamese language.
8. Major: Linguistics Code: 60.22.02.40
9. Supervisors: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Pham Hung Viet
10. Summary of the findings of the thesis:
Through researching the topic “Survey of idioms with works indicating numbers in Lao language in comparison with Vietnamese language”, the thesis synthesizes several matters:
10.1. In Lao language, they do not distinguish between idioms and proverbs which are called as “xu pha xit”, whereas in Vietnamese language, idioms, proverbs and folk songs are distinguished quite clearly. Both “xu pha xit” of Lao language and idioms of Vietnamese language are derived from creativity during processes of working and living daily of people in two countries, thus they contain the spiritual values of life in each country.
Words indicating numbers belong to layer of basic words in language. In Lao language's idioms and Vietnamese language's idioms, there are words indicating numbers. Each number has high symbolization, and it shows very flexible and abundant thinking ways of Lao people and Vietnamese people.
10.2. Thanks to the survey of structural characteristics of idioms with words indicating numbers among Lao idioms and Vietnamese idioms, the author has the statistics: In Lao idioms, there are 89 idiom sentences with components indicating numbers, 13 idiom components indicating numbers and 134 occurrence times. In Vietnamese idioms, there are 144 idiom sentences with components indicating numbers, 20 idiom components indicating numbers and 216 occurrence times. In which, there are 11 components indicating numbers occurring in idioms of Lao language and Vietnamese language, 1 component occurs only in Lao idioms and 9 components occur only in Vietnamese idioms. The components indicating numbers, which occur for many times in Lao idioms and Vietnamese idioms, include: Nung (one); Xam (three); Xip (name); Saucepan (two).
About number of components indicating numbers which occur in an idiom sentence, in both idioms of Lao language and Vietnamese language, idioms containing 1 and 2 components occupy high rate, but the idioms containing 3, 4 components are few, insignificant. About their structure, the idioms with components indicating numbers in Lao language and Vietnamese language are combined from 4, 5, 6 and more than 6 syllables. In which, the sentences with 6 syllables and above occupy the highest rate.
10.3. Through the survey of semantics of idioms with words indicating numbers in Lao idioms and in comparison with Vietnamese idioms, we can see that:
About the literal sense of numbers in Lao idioms, the numbers in Lao idioms and also Vietnamese idioms have the initial or original meaning indicating quantity and order. The components indicating numbers in Lao language and Vietnamese language can be combined with nouns indicating time, human, body organs, animals, plants and things, phenomena. The components combined with nouns indicating things and phenomena occupy the highest rate, whereas the components combined with nouns indicating animals, plants only occupy very low or insignificant rate.
About the figurative sense of numbers in Lao idioms, the odd numbers occur more often and make idioms have deeper figurative senses. Among 13 components indicating number in Lao language, 6/13 components are odd numbers, the occurrence frequency is 84/134 occurrence times; there are 4/12 idioms are even numbers (except large numbers), with 46/134 occurrence times in Lao idioms, and 3/12 idioms are large numbers, with 4/134 occurrence times. Each number makes idioms have difference and abundant figurative senses.
About cultural symbols of idioms with words indicating numbers in Lao idioms, among 89 Lao idiom sentences with components indicating numbers, there ate 9/89 idiom sentences showing knowledge on nature, occupying 10.1%; there are 80/89 idiom sentences showing knowledge on family and society, occupying 89.9%.
Thanks for comparison between idioms with words indicating numbers in idioms of Lao language and Vietnamese language, we can see that there are many similarities, but also many differences at the same time. These differences have created the cultural characteristics and also specifics in idioms of each country, which help the treasure of idioms of each nation to become more abundant and diverse.
11. Practical applicability:
12. Further research directions:
13. Thesis-related publications:
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