Linguistics: 55 years of scientific research

The Linguistics Department of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities (USSH), Vietnam National University, Hanoi has gone through more than half a century (55 years) of construction and development. From a department of the Faculty of Philology, Hanoi National University (1956-1996) to the present Faculty of Linguistics, USSH (1996-2011). During 55 years of construction and development, in addition to the task of training human resources for the country, the lecturers of the former Department of Linguistics and the current Faculty of Linguistics have made great efforts in research and achieved many proud scientific achievements. To record a development journey, this article will attempt to summarize the main scientific research achievements of the Linguistics Department, USSH, Hanoi in the past 55 years. The scope of the article is the research works (scientific reports, journal articles, published books) of lecturers who have worked at the Department of Linguistics of the Faculty of Literature in the past or have worked and are currently working at the Department of Linguistics, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, including those who have moved to work at other agencies due to the need for construction and development. In addition to the conclusion, the summary content of the article includes the scientific achievements of the Department and Faculty in the following 7 main research areas:

1. Studies on Vietnamese phonetics and vocabulary.
2. Studies on Vietnamese grammar, semantics and pragmatics.
3. Studies on Vietnamese stylistics and dialects.
4. Studies on the history of Vietnamese.
5. Studies on languages ​​of ethnic minorities in Vietnam.
6. Studies in comparative and regional linguistics.
7. Studies in linguistic theory.
8. Applied linguistics and Vietnamese linguistics research.

1. STUDIES ON PHONETICS AND VOCABULARY OF VIETNAMESE

1.1. About Vietnamese phoneticsSpeaking of the research achievements on Vietnamese phonetics of Vietnamese linguists in the previous Linguistics Department and the current Linguistics Department, we can mention dozens of works published in the past decades by Cao Xuan Hao (Discussing the phonological interpretation of some short vowel forms in Vietnamese,1962,Phonemic problems in Vietnamese - “The Problem of phoneme in Vietnamese,1975;Phonology and Linearity – Phonology and Linearity,1985), by Nguyen Ham Duong (ÂSyllable in Vietnamese - a basic signal unit,1964;Segmental and non-segmental phonemes,1987), Nguyen Phan Canh (Some opinions on the phonological theory of final consonants in modern Vietnamese,1964: The syllabic nature of language: Introduction to a non-isolated account of Vietnamese phonology, 1978), Doan Thien Thuat (Contribution to the determination of polysyllabic words by stress in Vietnamese, 1964, Vietnamese Phonetics,1977), Dinh Le Thu (On the glottal stop at the beginning of Vietnamese syllables, 1982,The phonetic realization of the voiced-voiceless opposition of initial consonants in Vietnamese, 1986),Do Tien Thang (Introduction to Vietnamese Intonation, 2009)etc. Among those works,Vietnamese Phoneticsby Doan Thien Thuat (1977) andPhonology and Linearityby Cao Xuan Hao (1985) are two works that have had a profound influence in the academic world. WithVietnamese Phoneticsby Doan Thien Thuat, for the first time the research situation on Vietnamese phonetics has "a comprehensive summary", "following the direction of Oriental research, taking advantage of experimental results, and also considering and proposing optimal phonological solutions for describing" the Vietnamese phonetic system with a phonemic system associated with their position in the structure of the 4 elements of the Vietnamese syllable. (History of Vietnamese Linguistics, Nguyen Thien Giap 2005: 152). With tight arguments, clear presentation, inheriting European phonological theory, combined with Oriental theory and Vietnamese practice, up to nowVietnamese Phoneticsby Doan Thien Thuat is still the most prestigious Vietnamese phonetics textbook in the training program of the Faculty of Linguistics and the Faculty of Literature in many other universities. From another perspective, assuming that the Vietnamese syllable is a whole and there is no basis in terms of sound material as well as in terms of function to allow dividing it into 4 segmental elements, Cao Xuan Hao proposed the concept of "non-segmental phonology in Vietnamese". According to Cao Xuan Hao, although different in terms of segmentation, in terms of function, syllables in Vietnamese have similar functions to phonemes in European languages. In other words, phonemes in Vietnamese are non-segmental phonemes or "macro phonemes", different from phonemes in European languages ​​which are segmental phonemes or "micro phonemes". Cao Xuan Hao's concept of "supra-segmental phonology" was first presented inPhonemic problems in Vietnamese(The problem of phoneme in Vietnamese, 1975)and then inPhonology and Linearity (Phonologie et Linéatité, 1985) has caused a great resonance in the field of phonetic research at home and abroad. Besides the problems of Vietnamese phonetics, the problems related to Vietnamese writing and spelling have also attracted the attention of many people: Nguyen Kim Than wroteOn the issue of improving the national language,1960,Vietnamese common spelling dictionary,1974,Spelling book,1979. Phan NgocIntroducing how to correct spelling errors using vocabulary, 1981,Correct spelling mistakes for students, 1982. Doan Thien Thuat discussesThe phonological form of medial sounds in Vietnamese syllables and their teaching in first grade of secondary school, 1989, etc.1.2. About Vietnamese vocabulary

Along with phonetics, Vietnamese vocabulary is also a field that Vietnamese linguists in the Department/Faculty of Linguistics pioneered and left their mark on, with the pioneering works of Nguyen Van Tu and then Nguyen Thien Giap. In Nguyen Van Tu's first and subsequent works on Vietnamese vocabulary such as the sectionFrom the study ofin Conceptual Linguistics (1961),Modern Vietnamese vocabulary(1968),Vietnamese words and vocabulary(1976), the issues of words, word identification, word meaning structure, semantic relationships, origin and scope of use of Vietnamese vocabulary were mentioned, analyzed and described in detail, laying the foundation for the birth of Vietnamese Vocabulary in Vietnam in general and at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities in particular. Next, inheriting the research achievements of Nguyen Van Tu and many other scholars, Nguyen Thien Giap conducted in-depth, scientific and systematic research on Vietnamese vocabulary through worksVietnamese vocabulary (1975) andVietnamese vocabulary(1985) is highly appreciated by lexicologists. In addition, lexicological content is also mentioned in most works.Linguistics Introductioncompiled by staff and lecturers of the Department/Faculty of Linguistics (see section 7). Along with studying the Vietnamese vocabulary system, researchers also delve into examining small semantic vocabulary groups in the vocabulary system such as homonyms (Nguyen Thien Giap:Some thoughts on the phenomenon of homonyms in Vietnamese,1971), synonym (Nguyen Van Tu:Vietnamese thesaurus,1980,Synonyms in Vietnamese,1982), idioms (Nguyen Thien Giap:On the concept of idioms in Vietnamese, 1975), Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary (Nguyen Thien Giap - Vu Duc Nghieu:Primary school Sino-Vietnamese notebooks,1999), etc.

2. STUDIES ON VIETNAMESE GRAMMAR, SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATIC SEMANTICS

2.1. About Vietnamese grammarAnother aspect of Vietnamese linguistics that has left a strong mark on the research achievements of the Department/Faculty of Linguistics is Vietnamese grammar, at both the lexical and syntactic levels.2.1.1. At the legal level, it can be seen that issues related to word-forming units and word-forming styles in Vietnamese are deeply and diversely expressed through the research works of Nguyen Kim Than (Research on Vietnamese grammar - Vol. 1, 1963), Nguyen Tai Can (Vietnamese Grammar: Words - Compound Words - Group Words, 1975), Cao Xuan Hao (On the linguistic status of language, 1985,Nominal function and position of words, 1985), Nguyen Thien Giap (Words and word recognition in Vietnamese, 1996), in which the research of Nguyen Tai Can, especially the workVietnamese Grammar: Words - Compound Words - Short Phrases (1975).In this work, we adopt the concept of Soviet Orientalists on the concept ofshape(morphosyllabeme), Nguyen Tai Can has established forlanguageof Vietnamese the function of a grammatical unit, similar to morphemes in European languages, to systematically describe the word-formation patterns of Vietnamese. “It was the proposal to apply and clarify the grammatical value of "language" that created a pivotal change,brought profound innovations in the perception of Vietnamese linguists in general when describing Vietnamese, making the description of contemporary Vietnamese structure more realistic and true to what it is.. The structure of Vietnamese noun phrases described in this work (applying the method of description according to distribution position) has contributed to many improvements and changes in the classification of word classes, a very important task in the study and description of grammar" (Vu Duc Nghieu, 2011). From here, the concept of studying Vietnamese word structure based on units was formed.language, commonly known as the General University concept, was later further developed in the research works of Cao Xuan Hao and Nguyen Thien Giap in whichlanguagenot only has the status of a morpheme but even has “a position equivalent to that offromin European languages” (Cao Xuan Hao). Another issue at the level of grammar that also attracted the attention of Vietnamese linguists of the Department/Faculty is the issue of Vietnamese word classes, with the word class classification tables leaving the mark of Nguyen Kim Than and Nguyen Tai Can. If Nguyen Kim Than (1963) classified Vietnamese word classes based on a set of both criteria of general meaning and syntactic relations, Nguyen Tai Can (1975) only relied on purely grammatical criteria such as the ability to organize short sentences (main criterion) and the ability to organize clauses (additional criterion) to classify Vietnamese word classes, and thereby outlined quite clear boundaries of word classes and subclasses in Vietnamese. The concepts of word classes of Nguyen Tai Can and Nguyen Kim Than were adopted and developed in the later research works of Dinh Van Duc.Vietnamese Grammar - Word Types(1986) andLectures on Vietnamese vocabulary-From the functional perspective,(2010). These two works by Dinh Van Duc have approached the issue of Vietnamese word classes systematically and in depth, in which Vietnamese word classes are not only scientifically classified but also thoroughly described in terms of the nature of word classes, attitudes and grammatical functions, expressed through their roles in the structure of short sentences. The issue of word class distinction is also mentioned by Nguyen Hong Con in the article.On the classification of word classes in Vietnamese(2003), with a classification based entirely on the function of words. Not only interested in the problem of defining and describing the Vietnamese word class system, researchers in the Department/Faculty of Linguistics are also interested in describing the grammatical characteristics and functions of word classes, subclasses or phrases, with many in-depth research works, attracting the attention of Nguyen Tai Can (Noun classes in modern Vietnamese, 1975), Nguyen Kim Than (Verbs in Vietnamese, 1977), Nguyen Lai (Group of words indicating direction of movement in Vietnamese, 1990), or Nguyen Van Chinh's articles on specific function words such asbut(2000),Satisfied(2001),fitandnew (2002),keep(204),Are not(2005), etc. In particular, the works of Cao Xuan Hao on the classification of unit nouns and block nouns in Vietnamese (Two types of nouns in Vietnamese,1980;The distinction between unit/mass in Vietnamese and the concept of word class,1988), on the structure of the sentence (On the structure of noun phrases in EnglishViet, 1998;Paragraph and Paragraph Structure, 1998) has provided new approaches to relevant issues.2.1.2. At the syntactic level, linguists of the Department/Faculty of Linguistics have also published a series of research works on Vietnamese syntax from different theoretical perspectives:Study Vietnamese Grammar, T2(1964) by Nguyen Kim Than is deeply influenced by the Russian theory of "from the ancestors",Vietnamese Grammar(1975, in Russian) by Nguyen Tai Can and co-authors (IX Bystrov and NV Stankievich),Vietnamese Grammar – Sentences(1980) by Hoang Trong Phien harmonizes traditional grammar and structural grammar,Research Research on Vietnamese grammar from the perspective of nuclear hierarchyby Luu Van Lang (1970) reveals a separatist tendency with the subject-predicate structure,Vietnamese Sentence Components (1998)by Nguyen Minh Thuyet and Nguyen Van Hiep leaning towards SE Jakhontov's sentence component theory,Vietnamese – Draft Functional Grammar(1991) by Cao Xuan Hao in the direction of Functional Grammar,Vietnamese syntax(2009) by Nguyen Van Hiep according to the approach of Semantic Grammar. The following comment by Nguyen Van Hiep (2009) on the influence of the world's syntactic theories on the study of Vietnamese syntax "It can be said that most of the world's important syntactic theories have had a certain influence on the study of Vietnamese syntax in some way" is also completely true for the studies of Vietnamese syntax in the Department/Faculty of Linguistics, it shows the connection between linguists of the Department/Faculty and major linguistic schools in the world even in the most difficult circumstances. Although the above research works have different scientific values, depending on their historical period, each work has left an academic mark in the flow of Vietnamese syntax research, in which, it can be said, although controversial,Vietnamese – Draft Functional GrammarCao Xuan Hao's is the most widely influential work. The difference of this work is the approach according to the direction of Functional Grammar to Vietnamese syntax with the spirit of opposing "Eurocentricity", using the topic-predicate structure to describe the syntactic structure of Vietnamese sentences instead of the traditional subject-predicate structure, which is only suitable for the syntax of European languages. On the other hand, the workVietnamese syntaxThe recently published (2009) work by Nguyen Van Hiep describing Vietnamese syntax from the perspective of Semantic Grammar is also a work highly appreciated by researchers, especially in terms of methods for identifying, classifying and describing Vietnamese sentence components, although the author still tends to use the subject-predicate structure with certain modifications. It can be said that Vietnamese grammar researchers of the Department/Faculty of Linguistics have received quite up-to-date linguistic theories and research methods of the world and know how to apply them to Vietnamese practice. At the level above the sentence, it is worth noting Tran Ngoc Them's studies on paragraphs, texts and textual links in whichVietnamese text linking system(1985) by Tran Ngoc Them is considered the first systematic research work on Vietnamese text grammar, paving the way for later studies on text and discourse, one of which isVietnamese speech association systemby Nguyen Thi Viet Thanh (1999). In addition to systematic research works on Vietnamese syntax, grammarians of the Department/Faculty of Linguistics also delve into specific structural or sentence types of Vietnamese, contributing to clarifying the picture of Vietnamese syntax:Structure "Noun + is + Noun"" (Nguyen Duc Dan, Tran Ngoc Them),Sentence without subject and first complement(Nguyen Minh Thuyet, 1981),A type of sentence where the subject comes after the predicate.(Nguyen Minh Thuyet, 1983),The structure of Vietnamese sentences(Nguyen Hong Con, 2001),Analyzing simple Vietnamese sentences according to the Topic - Narration structure(Dao Thanh Lan, 2002),The problem of passive sentences in Vietnamese(Nguyen Hong Con, 2004),Vietnamese Grammar – Simple two-component sentences(Nguyen Cao Dam, 2008), etc.2.2. On Vietnamese semantics and pragmaticsAt the semantic-pragmatic level of Vietnamese, there are also many valuable studies on both the levels of word meaning and sentence meaning. Studies on the meaning of Vietnamese words can be found in most of the lexicology textbooks of Nguyen Van Tu, Nguyen Thien Giap (cited in section 1.1) and the lexicology section in the Introduction to Linguistics textbooks (see section 7 below), in which the meaning of Vietnamese words has been classified and described in many aspects: semantic elements (figurative meaning, conceptual meaning, pragmatic meaning, structural meaning), number of meanings (monosomatic, polysemantic), semantic relations (synonymous, near-synonymous, antonymous), semantic transfer (metaphor, metonymy)... Recently, Le Quang Thiem has published notable studies on the meaning of linguistic signals in general and the lexical meaning of Vietnamese words in particular through articlesAdvances in the interpretation of linguistic signals(2005),Lexical functional semantic levels and types(2006), systematically presented in the monographSemantics(2007). Regarding the grammatical meaning of words, it is worth noting the studies onSemantics of Vietnamese movement direction wordsby Nguyen Lai (2001), semantics and logic of Vietnamese function words by Nguyen Duc Dan (Negation and Refutation, 1983,Semantics of empty words1984, Lotsemantics - syntax1987,The logic of the conjunctions,1994,Logic and Vietnamese, 1996, etc.), semantics - pragmatics of function words and Vietnamese by Le Dong (Semantics - pragmatics of Vietnamese function words, 1991, 1992), etc. The semantic-pragmatic aspect of Vietnamese sentences is the aspect that attracts the attention of many researchers in the Department/Faculty of Linguistics. If in Vietnamese Grammar works influenced by Traditional Grammar (Nguyen Kim Than 1964, Nguyen Tai Can 1975, Hoang Trong Phien 1980), the problem of sentence meaning is often dissolved in the classification and description of sentences according to the message structure, then in works influenced by later functional and semantic trends, the meaning of sentences is analyzed and described on many different aspects. Ignoring the semantic-pragmatic opposition, it can be seen thatin Vietnamese: Outline of functional grammar(1991), Cao Xuan Hao (1991) distinguished up to 5 different types of sentence meaning: expressive meaning (expressed through the predicate frame), logical-linguistic meaning (expressed through the topic-argument structure), modal meaning (expressed through modal means), illocutionary action (expressed through means of marking the illocutionary target) and communicative focus (expressed through the communicative structure of the sentence). InVietnamese syntax(2009), Nguyen Van Hiep distinguishes 6 types of meaning/information of sentences but reduces them to two levels: the semantic level has situational meaning (ie expressive meaning), modal meaning (not including idiomatic modality), thematic meaning (corresponding to the logical-linguistic meaning of Cao Xuan Hao); the pragmatic level has information of segmenting reality (statement-report), emphasis - focus of notification and idiomatic force (speech act). These works of Cao Xuan Hao and Nguyen Van Hiep have really marked a new development step in the research on the semantic-pragmatic levels of Vietnamese sentences. Other semantic-pragmatic issues such as speech acts, implicit and explicit speech, presupposition, conversation analysis, argumentation, etc. are introduced and applied to analyze Vietnamese corpus in the works of Nguyen Duc Dan (Logic and Vietnamese, 1996;Pragmatics T1,1998), Nguyen Thien Giap (Vietnamese language learning tools, 2000). Especially Le Dong's studies on linguistic aspectssemantics of thesis structure(1993),semantics - pragmatics of the phenomenon of emphasis (1995) and the legitimate question(1996); by Nguyen Van Hiep onModalities and Modal Particles(2005, 2007),conventional language(2006) andThematic meaning of Vietnamese sentences (2006);by Nguyen Hong Con aboutinformation structure (2001), information focus (2004) and syntax variations sentence structure(2009, 2010), by Dao Thanh Lan on linguistic aspectssemantics of Vietnamese imperatives(2005, 2007, 2010).

3. STUDIES ON VIETNAMESE STYLISTICS AND DIALECTS

3.1. About Vietnamese learning styleConsidered an important field of Vietnamese linguistics, closely related to the functional variations of Vietnamese and very close to literature. From the very first years of the Faculty of Literature, stylistics was introduced into teaching and research by the Linguistics department, starting withStylistics Courseby Phan Ngoc and thenRhetoric Courseby Nguyen Phan Canh (1959),Modern Vietnamese learning styleby Hoang Trong Phien (1973). Based on inheriting and developing these first achievements, Nguyen Huu Dat has published the following textbooks.Modern Vietnamese learning style(1999),Vietnamese learning styles and functional styles(2000), widely used both inside and outside the University of Social Sciences and Humanities. Not only stopping at compiling textbooks and teaching, Vietnamese stylistics of the Department/Faculty also conduct many in-depth studies on different functional stylistic variations of Vietnamese, especially artistic language with valuable contributions:Studying Nguyen Du's language style in "The Tale of Kieu"by Phan Ngoc (1985),Poetic languageby Nguyen Phan Canh (1988),Language and literary creationby Nguyen Lai (1991),Vietnamese poetry in the light of modern linguisticsby Mai Ngoc Chu (1991),Poetic language(1993) andVietnamese poetic language(1996) by Nguyen Huu Dat, etc. Journalistic language and media also attracted the attention of Dinh Van Duc (The importance of political and social news discourse in English and Vietnamese newspapers, 1999;Vietnamese journalistic language in the early 20th century: An observation on the language of Vietnamese revolutionary journalism(period 1925-1945), 2000), Nguyen Thien Giap (Articles on journalistic language in Nhan Dan newspaper and many other newspapers).- The linguistic style of great cultural figures such as Nguyen Du and Ho Chi Minh is also mentioned from different perspectives in Phan Ngoc's research works (Learn about Nguyen Du's style in The Tale of Kieu, 1985) Nguyen Phan Canh (First steps to learn the language of President Ho Chi Minh,1965;Rhymes in Nguyen Du's Tale of Kieu,1969, etc.); Nguyen Lai (Depth of thinking and revolutionary vision in Ho Chi Minh's language, 1989;Ho Chi Minh and the development of Vietnamese language, 1998;Vietnamese language and the great cultural figure Ho Chi Minh, 2003), Nguyen Thien Giap (Lessons on President Ho Chi Minh's Use of Idioms, 1988) Nguyen Huu Dat (Nguyen Du's creativity in using the word "Spring" in his work "The Tale of Kieu"2002,Characteristics of metaphor in Ho Chi Minh's poetry,2005) etc.3.2 About Vietnamese dialectsBesides functional stylistic variations, geographical dialects and social dialects as geographical and social variations of Vietnamese also attract the attention of many researchers. The initiator and most dedicated person in the study of Vietnamese geographical dialects is Hoang Thi Chau, author of research works on Vietnamese dialects such as:Vietnamese in all regions of the country(1989),DialectologyViet (2005). In these works, especially inVietnamese Dialects,The author proposed criteria for dividing Vietnamese dialects scientifically, described the characteristics of the dialects as well as found out the rules of change according to regions of Vietnamese. Up to now, both domestically and internationally, this is the only research work and also the only university textbook on Vietnamese dialects. In addition to geographical dialects, the issues of geographical and social dialects of Vietnamese are also mentioned in the studies of Nguyen Kim Than (Hanoi people's speech,1982;About the Mekong Delta language,1984) and most recently Trinh Cam Lan with the workLinguistic transformation of communities migrating to the capital (case study of Nghe Tinh community in Hanoi, 2007,Approaching the issue of socio-geographic dialects from a sociolinguistic perspective.

4. STUDIES ON THE HISTORY OF VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE

Inheriting the achievements of domestic and foreign researchers, in the past decades, Vietnamese linguists in the Department/Faculty have considered the history of Vietnamese as one of the focal points of research, focusing on two main issues: 1) determining the origin and stages of development of Vietnamese, and 2) studying the stages of development and some aspects and states of Vietnamese at different specific stages. The first issue is mainly mentioned in some works of Pham Duc Duong (On the origin relationship of the Viet - Muong language group,1979; SourceVietnamese origin: from pre-Viet Muong to common Viet Muong,1983), Nguyen Tai Can (Trying to divide the 12-century history of Vietnamese, 1998), Tran Tri Doi (On the distinction of historical stages in the development of Vietnamese language,2004;Vietnamese history textbook (draft), 2005). Of these,History of English TextbookVietnamese (draft) by Tran Tri Doi (2005) is the first work to systematically present issues related to the origin of Vietnamese in relation to languages ​​of the same group and regional languages, to delineate and outline the stages of development of Vietnamese in history, in the form of a university textbook. The second issue attracts more attention from researchers, with a series of works covering many specific issues of Vietnamese history, from the history of phonetics, vocabulary, grammar and issues of language-cultural history and language contact. - Regarding the history of Vietnamese phonetics, the most prominent works areOrigin and formation process of Sino-Vietnamese reading (1979) andVietnamese historical phonetics textbook(1995) by Nguyen Tai Can. It can be said that, up to now, Origin and formation process of the wayreadSino-Vietnameseis the most complete and systematic research work on the history of Vietnamese phonetics, in which "the origin relationships, the contact relationships between Vietnamese and related languages, between Vietnamese and Chinese; the influence of Chinese on Vietnamese and other minority languages ​​in Vietnam... have been analyzed with consistent methods, evaluated reasonably in the whole general context, making the problem perceived and presented comprehensively" (Vu Duc Nghieu, 2011).Textbook of Vietnamese phonetic history (draft), 1995Also by Nguyen Tai Can, examining the origin and evolution of the Vietnamese phonetic system through the stages, has been highly appreciated by domestic and international researchers. Recently, Tran Tri Doi has published research results on the history of Vietnamese phonetics and the Vietnamese-Muong languages, focusing on the process of forming the tone system and the rules of voiceless and nasalization, in the workSome issues of comparative and historical research on the Viet - Muong language group (2011),set a new milestone for the study of the origin and phonetic history of Vietnamese and other languages ​​in the same group. - Regarding the history of Vietnamese vocabulary, the research of Vu Duc Nghieu and Le Quang Thiem, who are persistent and in-depth in this topic, is worth noting. Vu Duc Nghieu has written a series of articles on the trends of Vietnamese vocabulary development in history.(The levels of similarity and separation in a group of words in Vietnamese,1999;Some consequences of the monosyllabic and polysyllabic trends in the development of Vietnamese language, 2004;Development of Vietnamese vocabulary in the second half of the 20th century through documents of some dictionaries,2009) and ancient Vietnamese vocabulary in texts (Some differences in vocabulary and grammar of Vietnamese through 3 texts in the 17th century national language, 2010; Survey of ancient words in three 17th century Vietnamese script texts,2010;Some preliminary surveys of ancient Vietnamese vocabulary in some Nom texts,2011;Literary vocabulary of the ancient Vietnamese period: Some characteristics in its formation and development, 2011). ProjectA brief history of Vietnamese vocabularyby the author is developed on the scientific topic of the same name (accepted in 2009), systematically surveying the history of Vietnamese vocabulary in both diachronic and synchronic directions, will be published in the near future, certainly a significant contribution to the study of the history of Vietnamese vocabulary. Interested in the history of Vietnamese vocabulary in a more recent period, the modern period, Le Quang Thiem has written many articles on this topic (Some linguistic issues of the text "Dong Kinh Nghia Thuc"2001,The transformation of Vietnamese socio-political vocabulary in the first 30 years of the 20th century (1900-1930), 2001) and in 2003 published a monographHistory of Vietnamese vocabulary-period 1858-1845,reconstructing a rich picture of Vietnamese vocabulary in a turbulent historical period. - Regarding the historical grammar of Vietnamese, researchers in the Department/Faculty of Linguistics focus mainly on the field of function words and some grammatical phenomena of Nom and national language texts from the 15th century onwards: Vu Duc Nghieu is interested in the meaning and function of function words in Nom texts (Developments in the meaning and function of the word group "khong, khang, xung" from the 15th century to the present, 1986;15th century Vietnamese empty words in Quoc am thi tap and Hong Duc Quoc am thi tap, 2006;Empty words in the audio version of the Legend of the Condor Heroes, 2010) also concerned with the problemMonosyllables, monosyllableization and polysyllables, polysyllableization in the historical development of Vietnamese language(2004), Vietnamese iso-syllabic lexical units in the context of some Southeast Asian languages ​​(1999).Dinh Van Duc pays attention to function words and grammatical phenomena of Vietnamese in the 17th - 19th centuries (Some comments on the grammatical characteristics of auxiliary words for verbs in Vietnamese through some 17th century texts of the Catholic Church, 1981;Some comments on the grammatical characteristics of 17th century Vietnamese word classes,1983;General appearance of Vietnamese syntactic structure through some 18th century national language texts, 2002;One hundred years of Vietnamese literary language,2004; Comments on the direction of change of some Vietnamese grammatical phenomena from the 17th to the 19th century through observations of texts (Nom and national language)), 2011), as well as changes in Vietnamese grammar in the 20th century, the research results of which are shown through 4 scientific topics (1997 - 2005) and textbooks.Lectures on Vietnamese history(20th century), published in 2005. - The collection and research of writing and texts also received special attention, with valuable research works on Nom script and Nom texts by Nguyen Tai Can (Some issues about Nom script, 1985;Kieu story documents: Duy Minh Thi version 1872, 2002;Kieu story documents: From Duy Minh Thi version to Kieu Oanh Mau version, 2004), on the national language and the 17th-18th century national language texts by Nguyen Tai Can and N. Stankiev