Summary of PhD thesis: Nguyen Thi Ngan

INTRODUCTION

1. Reason for choosing the topic

To carry out an uprising and revolutionary war, we must answer the question: What to rely on and where to get the strength to win? That is, we must solve the problem of the potential of the uprising and revolutionary war, ensuring the supply of human and material resources and political and spiritual encouragement. Ho Chi Minh affirmed, "To revolt, we must have a base, to resist, we must have a rear" [78, p.173].

According to Marxism-Leninism, the rear is one of the factors that often determines the victory of war: "To truly wage war, there must be a solidly organized rear. The best army and the most loyal people to the revolutionary cause will be immediately destroyed by the enemy if they are not armed, supplied with food and trained properly [136, p.497].

In the history of the nation's resistance against foreign invaders, every time they rose up to fight to gain and protect national independence, the leaders of uprisings and revolutionary wars knew how to establish a foothold, focusing on favorable human and geographical conditions to build and develop their forces.

Promoting the nation's tradition of fighting to defend the country, absorbing the Marxist-Leninist theory of revolutionary war, in the resistance war against the French colonialists, with the line of all-people and all-round resistance, the Party launched a large-scale people's war, mobilizing the entire people to fight the enemy with the three-armed forces as the core, in which the militia and guerrilla forces and guerrilla warfare (CTDK) held an important position. One of the great successes of the Party in launching the CTDK was to direct our army and people to both fight and build the country, build a system of guerrilla zones (KDK) and guerrilla bases (CCDK) as a foothold for the resistance force, as a springboard for attacks in the enemy's occupied areas, contributing to the dispersion, division, confinement, and destruction of the enemy's military forces, defeating the enemy's military and political plots, and contributing to nurturing the revolutionary forces right in the process of resistance.

Guerrilla zones are: “residential areas located in areas temporarily occupied by the enemy, where guerrilla warfare activities of resistance forces take place and where there are frequent disputes and tug-of-war with the enemy to gain complete control”[35, p.445]. Guerrilla bases are: “liberated residential areas located in areas temporarily occupied by the enemy and become the base of guerrilla warfare”[35, p.78]. Characteristics of guerrilla bases are: The enemy government has been overthrown; the enemy armed forces have been destroyed; reactionary political organizations have disintegrated, spies and reactionary revolutionary elements can be planted by the enemy but must operate secretly; the revolutionary government is established and manages all social activities, revolutionary organizations operate openly. However, the CCDK is still surrounded by the enemy, threatened by the enemy, so the situation is not really stable. The guerrilla base is gradually consolidated to become a liberated zone.

During the resistance war against French colonialism, many KDKs and CCDKs were built widely everywhere, becoming the rear areas (HP) of the CTDK, causing the CTDK to grow and flourish, disintegrating the occupation system of the invaders. The process of building and protecting KDKs and CCDKs was a long and arduous struggle, to turn the enemy's rear into the front line of revolutionary war, thereby expanding our resistance rear in the temporarily occupied areas. Guerrilla bases truly became the foothold of the armed forces, providing manpower and resources for the resistance war. Although different in scale, KDKs and CCDKs were all HP of the CTDK, the local people's war. At the same time, these were also the footholds of the main force on the way to attack the enemy-controlled areas to operate or withdraw to the free areas to build up forces. On the other hand, KDKs and CCDKs were both the front line and the rear of the revolutionary war. The birth of the KDK and CCDK was a strategic creation of the Party and people of Vietnam, making the rear of people's war completely different from the rear of conventional war, and especially indistinguishable from the front line.

However, in the process of building the KDK and CCDK, there were many fluctuations, because the resistance forces always had to confront the enemy's sweeps. Sometimes, a CCDK was fiercely attacked by the enemy's mobile troops and war vehicles, re-establishing the suppression and occupation apparatus, forcing it to retreat to the level of a KDK, sometimes only having a political base or becoming a blank zone. On the contrary, sometimes, from the villages fighting continuously, when favorable conditions were met, it could develop into a KDK, or go straight to a continuous CCDK, a large liberated zone. Going from a political base to building a KDK and CCDK was a difficult development process, having to go through winding steps, even temporary regression. Depending on the comparative correlation of forces, CCDKs were narrowed in some places, expanded in others, but in general, on a national scale, CCDKs were not expanded. “When the entire people rose up to fight the enemy, wherever they went, they encountered our troops. Each of our guerrilla bases in enemy-controlled areas was like being surrounded by the enemy, but all of our guerrilla bases, combined with our vast free zones, formed a net to trap the enemy”[111, p.1024].

Building a CCDK is the result of the movement to build fighting villages, because the seeds of resistance must arise from villages. Villages are the basis and root of the CTDK, many resistance villages are linked together to form a KDK or CCDK. "The fighting village can be likened to each brick, the guerrilla base is the wall, the synthesis of fighting villages creates great strength and effect" [117, p.40].

Building the CCDK is a creative example of the Party in applying Marxist-Leninist theory on building the rear in people's war to mobilize the entire population to participate in the resistance, making each citizen a soldier, each village a fortress.

Hung Yen is a land of heroic people - located in the center of the Northern Delta, with a particularly important strategic position. During the resistance war against the French colonialists, the army and people of Hung Yen under the leadership of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee waged a long and heroic struggle to protect their homeland. In that fierce struggle, the KDK and CCDK were born one after another, playing an important role in the fight and becoming a symbol of the indomitable spirit of the Hung Yen Party Committee and people.

There have been many scientific works, documents, books and newspapers written about the resistance war against the French in Hung Yen province during the period of 1946-1954, but no scientific work has comprehensively researched the leadership of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee in building the CCDK, a type of local rear base in the resistance war against the French. Therefore, studying the issue of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee's leadership in building the CCDK in the resistance war against the French not only contributes to clarifying the process of implementing the Party's people's war policy but also contributes to understanding the role of the CCDK in the resistance war against the French in Hung Yen province.

Currently, Vietnam is entering a new stage of development with new opportunities and challenges. The task of building the Fatherland is closely linked to the task of firmly defending the Fatherland, protecting the revolutionary achievements of each locality to prevent enemy invasions, which is a necessary issue.

Researching the leadership of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee in building the CCDK in the resistance war against French colonialism (1946 - 1954) to draw some historical experiences, contribute to educating local revolutionary traditions, summarize local defense work, and serve the cause of protecting the Fatherland today is a necessary issue.

For those reasons, I chose the topic: "Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee led the construction of a guerrilla base during the resistance war against France (1946-1954)"This is the topic of the PhD thesis in History, majoring in History of the Communist Party of Vietnam, with the desire to contribute to summarizing all policies of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee in the process of building the CCDK in the period of 1946 - 1954, at the same time evaluating the successes and limitations, drawing experiences to apply in building the national defense in the locality today.

2. Research purpose and tasks

Research purpose

The thesis clarifies the leadership process of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee in building the CCDK during the resistance war against France (1946-1954), from which some valuable experiences are drawn for reference.

Research mission

-Overview of research related to the topic.

-Collect and systematize documents on the process of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee leading the construction of the CCDK during the resistance war against French colonialism (1946-1954).

-Analyze the factors affecting the process of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee leading the construction of the CCDK during the resistance war against France (1946 - 1954).

-Analyze the policy and direction process of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee in building the CCDK during the resistance war against France (1946 - 1954).

- Comment on the advantages, limitations and draw historical experiences from the process of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee leading the construction of the CCDK during the resistance war against France (1946 - 1954).

3. Research object and scope

 Research object

Research on factors affecting the policy planning process of Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee on building CCDK during the resistance war against France.

Research on the policy of Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee in the process of leading the construction of CCDK

Research on the direction of Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee in building the CCDK in the aspects of politics, military, economy, culture and society.

            Scope of research

            About content:The thesis focuses on studying the factors affecting the process of building CCDK in Hung Yen province such as natural conditions, socio-economic conditions, historical and cultural traditions, and the Party's general policy on building CCDK.

Research on the enemy's plots and tricks in occupying the Northern Delta (RD), including Hung Yen.

The thesis researches the policies of Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee on building CCDK.

The thesis studies the process of building, growing and operating local armed forces, especially guerrilla militia forces.

The thesis studies the process of building the CCDK from the initial political foundation to prepare for the birth of the KDK and CCDK, to the process of leading the construction and protection of the CCDK in terms of politics, military, economy, culture and society. Including the struggles against the enemy's sweep to protect the CCDK, defeating the plot: "Using war to feed war, using Vietnamese to fight Vietnamese".

Research on the formation and development of some specific industrial parks and economic zones in Hung Yen province.

            About space: Research on the entire area of ​​Hung Yen province, especially the KDK and CCDK opened during the resistance war against France in the province.

            About time: Research on the process of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee leading the construction of the CCDK from 1946 to 1954. From the outbreak of the national resistance war (December 19, 1946) to the end of the resistance war against the French in Hung Yen province (October 1954). During the research process, the thesis mentioned the period before December 19, 1946 to clarify the influencing factors and the preparation of the premises for the construction of KDK and CCDK in Hung Yen province in the later period.

 4. Theoretical basis, sources of documents and research methods

Theoretical basis

The thesis research is based on the theoretical foundation of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh thought and the Party's major viewpoints on the policy of building a socialist democracy, a democratic society and a civilized society.

Source of documents

The thesis topic is carried out on the basis of a collection of main sources of documents, which are written and unwritten documents.

Written sources: These are the works of Marx-Engels, Ho Chi Minh on HP, CCD, CCDK; documents of the Communist Party of Vietnam, resolutions, decisions, directives, reports of the Inter-Zone III Committee, of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee. Monographs, theses, scientific research topics, published research works on HP, CCDK. These are valuable sources of documents in completing the thesis.

Unwritten sources: through memoirs, stories, and accounts of historical witnesses are collected together, enriching the content of the thesis. This is a source of documents for the PhD student to compare in the conditions of local archiving during the resistance war against the French, which was still limited.

Research methods

Based on the general theoretical basis of Marxism - Leninism, the author used methods of historical science such as historical method, logical method, and at the same time the thesis used a number of other methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, statistics, etc. Specifically:

Historical method is mainly used in chapter 2 and chapter 3 to divide the history from (December 1946 to December 1950; from January 1950 to October 1954), the process of systematizing the viewpoints and policies of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee according to the historical process in each chapter and section to clearly see the formation and development of the guidelines and policies for building the CCDK, proving the statements and generalizing the historical content.

The logical method is used in all 4 chapters of the thesis. In chapters 2 and 3, the logical method is used to sequence the main events, summarize the specific historical context, the key contents in each document, resolution and link those contents to see the process of perception, development of guidelines and policies of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee in leading the construction of the CCDK, summarize the process of directing the implementation of the policy of building the CCDK in the content of each chapter. In chapter 4, the logical method is mainly used to summarize the advantages, limitations, and draw historical experiences from the process of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee leading the construction of the CCDK in the resistance war against France (1946-1954).

In addition, the author also uses methods of analysis, synthesis, statistics, and comparison to enhance the persuasiveness of the issues raised in the thesis.

5. Scientific contributions of the thesis

Based on clearly defining the research objectives of the thesis, the thesis has the following contributions:

About the material:Contribute to collecting and systematizing historical sources to build the CCDK of Hung Yen province during the resistance war against France (1946 - 1954).

About the content: The thesis analyzes and clarifies the factors influencing and controlling the leadership of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee on building the CCDK during the resistance war against France (1946 - 1954).

Present and systematically analyze all the Party's policies in building the CCDK in the period (1946 - 1954). At the same time, it is the process of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee implementing the Party's policies, leading and directing the building of the CCDK in all aspects such as politics; military; culture, society in the resistance war against France (1946 - 1954). Thereby, evaluate the advantages and limitations, in order to draw historical experiences.

The thesis can be used as a document for education and propaganda work in local defense building, and as a reference document for history teaching in Hung Yen province.

6. Structure of the thesis

In addition to the introduction; References; Appendix, the thesis has a structure of 4 chapters:

            Chapter 1: Overview of research status related to thesis topic.

            Chapter 2:Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee led the construction of the initial foundation for the birth of guerrilla zones (1946-1950)

            Chapter 3: Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee leads the construction and protection of guerrilla zones and guerrilla bases (1951-1954)

            Chapter 4: Comments and experiences

Chapter 1

OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RELATED TO

THESIS TOPIC

1.1. Research situation

1.1.1. Group of research works related to the construction of guerrilla bases in the Vietnam People's War

1.1.1.1. Research works of foreign scholars

General H. Nava (Henri Navarre), Commander-in-Chief of the French army in Indochina (1953-1954) published the bookIndochina is dying,(Plong Publishing House, Paris, 1956), is the memoir of the Commander-in-Chief of the French Army in Indochina after the defeat in the Dien Bien Phu campaign. The bookLa Guerre d'indochine - l'enlisement by Lucien Bodard (Paris Publishing House, 1963) consists of 3 volumes, is a work about the war in Indochina, especially the difficulties of the French when conducting the war, from the failures of French generals to the quagmire in the Dien Bien Phu campaign. There are also works such as: "Two wars of Vietnam", by G. Sappha (George Chaffard), Round Table Publishing House, Paris, 1969; "Twenty years of tearing apart France" by C. Paya (Claude Paya), Lappong Publishing House, Paris, 1969; "A regime ends" by R. Salan (Raoul Salan); “History of the War in Indochina” by Yves Gera (Plong Publishing House, Paris, 1979. “War in the shadows: The Guerrilla in History” by Robert. B. Asprey Vol.2 (New York Publishing House, 1975), is a two-volume book series about the war in Vietnam during the two resistance wars against France and the United States.

1.1.1.2. Research works of domestic scholars

Book seriesHistory of the resistance war against French colonialism 1945-1954, volumes I, IIof the Vietnam Military History Institute (People's Army Publishing House, Hanoi, 1994).Summary of the resistance war against French colonialism - victories and lessonsof the War Summary Steering Committee - under the Politburo (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 1996).The rear of the Vietnam People's War (1945 - 1975)of the Vietnam Military History Institute, Ministry of National Defense (People's Army Publishing House, Hanoi, 1997).History of Vietnamese military ideology - volume 4(1945-1975) of the Vietnam Military History Institute, (National Political Publishing House - Truth, Hanoi, 2014).The Party's military line, history of formation, development and basic content, (National Political Publishing House Truth - Hanoi, 2019) by author Vu Quang Hien is a very elaborate research work on the military line of the Communist Party of Vietnam.

Most of the above research works affirm that the foothold of the Vietnamese revolutionary war includes from the political base to the front line, the rear, including the strategic rear and the local rear, the mountainous front line and the plain front line.

In 1989, author Ngo Dang Tri successfully defended his PhD thesis with the topic:Thanh - Nghe - Tinh rear in the resistance war against France 1946 -1954.In 2006, author Tran Ngoc Long successfully defended his doctoral thesis in History with the topic:U Minh base in the two resistance wars against French and American invaders, Vietnam Military History Institute. Researching local issues, in 2015, Nguyen Thi Thu Quyen successfully defended her doctoral thesis:Hai Duong Provincial Party Committee led the building of local armed forces in the resistance war against France (1945-1954), PhD thesis on Party History, University of Social Sciences and Humanities.

There are also many scientific research articles, in-depth research on CCĐ, HP, CCDK in the resistance war against France such as: Nguyen Quoc Dung (1984)The strength of the whole country's rear in the Dien Bien Phu campaign, Party History Magazine. Vu Quang Hien (2000),Guerrilla warfare movement in the Northern Delta coordinated with the Hoa Binh campaign in the Winter-Spring of 1951-1952, pp. 18-22, Journal of Historical Research. Vu Quang Hien (1990), Khanh Trung - Khanh Thien Guerrilla Zone in the resistance war against France,No. 1, page 25, Military History Magazine. Vu Quang Hien (1997),Guerrilla base in the Northern Delta (1946-1954), source documents are research methods,No. 6, page 63, Military History Magazine; Le Thanh Bai (1999),Fighting village, a typical model of "the whole people fighting the enemy" in the resistance war against France,No. 115, page 19, Military History Magazine; Hoang Phuong (2000),Lessons from the national movement to rise up and fight against foreign invaders (1945-1975),pp. 72-74, National Defense Magazine; Vu Van Ba ​​(2001),Some features of combat villages, guerrilla zones, and guerrilla bases in the enemy's rear plains of Inter-zone 3, No. 3, page 12, Military History Magazine.

1.1.2. Group of research works related to constructionguerrilla base in Hung Yen

Nguyen Quyet - former Political Commissar of Military Region III wrote the book "Some experience in local military work" (People's Army Publishing House, Hanoi 1978).

The bookHistory of the resistance war against the French on the left bank of the Red River 1945 - 1955of the Steering Council for the compilation of historical works on the resistance war against the French on the left bank of the Red River, (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2001). The Command of Military Region III published the bookHistory of the General Staff of Military Region III (1945 - 2000), (People's Army Publishing House, Hanoi, 2000). The Command of Military Region III has published 4 books onTypical battles of the Military Region 3 in the two resistance wars against France and America(People's Army Publishing House published in 1991, 1994, 1997, 2008).Some guerrilla bases in the Northern Delta during the resistance war against France (1945 - 1954)by Vu Quang Hien, (People's Army Publishing House, Hanoi, 2001). The book has clarified the formation and development process of a number of large CCDKs in the Northern Delta during the resistance war against the French such as CCDK Khanh Trung - Khanh Thien (Ninh Binh province); CCDK Than Dau - Than Huong (Thai Binh province); CCDK Hoa - Hau - Thang (Ha Nam); CCDK Tien - Que - Vo (Bac Ninh)... Through the formation and development process of CCDKs, the author has identified the general rules of the process of building those CCDKs, initially drawing some comments and lessons learned in leading the building of CCDKs.Party leadership in constructionGuerrilla base in the Northern Delta (1946-1954), (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2001). Book:Fighting villages in the Northern Delta region during the resistance war against French colonialism (1945 - 1954)by author Le Thanh Bai (People's Army Publishing House, Hanoi, 2019). This is a book about fighting villages in the Red River Delta region during the resistance war against the French.

1.1.3. Group of research works on the leadership of Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee in constructionguerrilla base

CoilHistory of the resistance war against the French in Hai Hung province (1945 - 1954)of the Military Command of Hai Hung province (published in 1988) is a scientific work of local history of the two provinces of Hung Yen and Hai Duong (when they were merged).History of Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee, volume 1(1929 - 1954) of the Party Executive Committee of Hung Yen province, (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 1998). This is a book with quite comprehensive content reflecting the leadership of the Party Committee of Hung Yen province in the resistance war against the French in all aspects, fully and honestly reflecting a historical journey full of hardships, sacrifices but also extremely heroic and glorious of the Party Committee and people of Hung Yen. The bookHung Yen History of resistance against French colonialism and American imperialism (1945 - 1975)of the Party Committee - Military Command of Hung Yen province, (People's Army Publishing House, 2002). The bookHistory of Hung Yen Provincial Military Party Committee 1947 - 2012of the Party Committee, Military Command of Hung Yen province, (People's Army Publishing House, 2013). Implementing Resolution No. 10-NQ of the Central Military Party Committee dated January 8, 1999 and Directive 28-CT-DU of the Party Committee of Military Region 3 on "Promoting research and promoting the role of military historical science in the new era", Party Committees and Military Commands of districts in Hung Yen province from 2014 to 2016, published books on the history of revolutionary struggles of the districts, typically:Military history of Khoai Chau district (1945-2015),People's Army Publishing House, Hanoi, 2015; Military history of Van Lam district (1945 - 2015),People's Army Publishing House, Hanoi, 2015; Military history of Kim Dong district (1945 -2015),People's Army Publishing House, Hanoi, 2015; Military history of Tien Lu district (1945-2014),People's Army Publishing House, Hanoi, 2016.

1.2. Evaluation of research results, issues for further research in the thesis

1.2.1. Issues resolved

About the content

The first, most of the works are monographs written about CCĐ, HP, CCDK have given the followingbasic concept of base; rear; (on-site rear, strategic rear), especially types of rear such as: political base; guerrilla zone; guerrilla base(see Appendix 1).

Second, the Party's policies on building guerrilla bases in the resistance war against France

Third, on favorable and difficult conditions in the process of building CCDKespecially in the Red River Delta region

Fourth, the general rule of formation and development of KDK and CCDK

Fifth, the Party's lessons on building socialism and communism

Sixth, on the policy of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee in building industrial parks and economic zones

About the material

Through central and local archives such as: National Archives Center III, Central Party Office, Ministry of National Defense Archives Center, Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee Archives are original document archives with high reliability, helping the author to conduct in-depth research on the process of Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee leading the construction of guerrilla bases in each specific historical period.

About the method

Most research works have approaches using historical methods, logical methods, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, in addition to methods such as listing and comparison.

1.2.2. Issues that the thesis continues to research in depth

The firstFactors affecting the process of planning policies and guidelines of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee in building the CCDK during the resistance war against French colonialism.Monday,The situation of French colonial occupation in Hung Yen province.Tuesday,Implementing the Party's policy on building the rear and bases, the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee has set out a policy of building and protecting the CCDK in each specific historical period.Wednesday,Analyze practical measures to direct activities to realize the Party's policies in the process of building CCDK.Thursday,The advantages and limitations of the Party Committee in the process of leading the construction of the CCDK, from which the Party Committee's experiences can be drawn.

Chapter 1 Summary

Building the CCĐ, HP, CCDK in the Vietnam People's War is a basic content in the Party's military policy, a topic that has attracted the attention and research of many agencies, organizations, individuals, and scientists at home and abroad. With a rich number of works, approached from different research angles and scopes, the works have initially explained theoretical and practical issues about the process of the Party's leadership in building the HP, CCĐ, CCDK in general and the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee's leadership in building the CCDK in particular.

From the overview of the research situation related to the topic, the PhD student systematizes the documents, summarizes the research results of the works, selectively absorbs the contents that can be inherited, and at the same time points out the issues that have not been clearly researched. Applying the Marxist historical methodology, based on the objects, functions, and tasks of the Party History Science, the PhD student identifies the "gaps" - the issues that the thesis will continue to research. Therefore, the topic“Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee led the construction of a guerrilla base during the resistance war against France (1946-1954)”is an independent topic, not overlapping with published works, has profound theoretical and practical significance.

Chapter 2

HUNG YEN PROVINCIAL PARTY COMMITTEE LEADS THE BUILDING OF THE INITIAL BASIS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF GUERRILLA ZONES (1946-1950)

2.1. Policy of Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee

2.1.1. Factors affecting the Party's policy planning

2.1.1.1. Natural conditions, socio-economics, historical and cultural traditions

Natural conditions

Economic and social conditions

Cultural history tradition

2.1.1.2. Preparations before the National Resistance Day (December 19, 1946)

It can be said that, from after the success of the August Revolution until before the national resistance war, the preparation for the resistance war in Hung Yen was carried out urgently, achieving many positive results. The initial results in the work of Party building, building and consolidating governments at all levels, building armed forces, building fighting villages, and consolidating all aspects of the people's socio-economic life were all very important foundations to maintain the revolutionary government as well as creating the premise for building KDK and CCDK later.

2.1.1.3.Party policy

The national resistance war broke out, the issue of building CCĐ and HP continued to be raised and became an extremely urgent issue. It can be seen that, in the initial stage, basically, the law of building bases must start from the secret political base of the masses. However, as the force grew, the revolutionary foothold could not only be a political base but must move forward to establish KDK and CCDK. The 4th National Conference of Militia and Local Troops (May 14 to June 4, 1950) clearly stated: "based on the development of guerrilla warfare in each locality and the victories of mobile warfare, build guerrilla bases behind the enemy to create small rear areas in temporarily occupied areas, creating conditions for the main force, local troops and command agencies to operate" [62, p.4].

Building, consolidating, and perfecting CCDKs into CCĐs is the final victory of each campaign. However, the process of building CCDKs must always go hand in hand with protection, "it is necessary to have a plan ready to deal with the enemy when they counterattack... Our bases are very likely to be recaptured by the enemy and then the bases will be pushed back to the status of guerrilla zones [62, p.45].

2.1.2. Party's policy

Based on the method of building the CCĐ in the delta that the Party Central Committee pointed out, especially at the 2nd Central Cadre Conference (April 1947), the Congress came to the decision: "fight against small enemy sweeps, develop village guerrillas, destroy the enemy's puppet government and build our own government, and besiege the enemy's economy.” [164, p.10]. The policy of the Congress is an important basis for party committees at all levels, especially party committees at all levels in temporarily occupied areas, to direct cadres and armed teams to propagate the restoration of lost bases, first of all political bases.

Thoroughly grasping the spirit of the Party Central Committee and the tasks assigned by the Third Regional Party Committee, based on the practical situation, immediately upon receiving the Party Central Committee's Directive on October 15, 1947 on "Breaking the winter offensive of the French invaders", the Provincial Party Committee held a meeting of its advisory agencies and policies for the regions. In February 1948, the 2nd Hung Yen Provincial Party Congress was held in Hoang Xa (Tien Lu). With the spirit: "All for the military”,“Military first”,The congress advocated mobilizing thousands of cadres and party members to become military cadres and at the same time advocated for companies stationed in the province to go deep into the enemy-occupied areas to rebuild bases and launch a guerrilla warfare movement. Thoroughly implementing the viewpoint of the Inter-Zone III Party Committee, from April 1, 1950 to April 20, 1950, the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee held a cadre conference in Quyen Son (Kim Bang - Ha Nam). The conference advocated: "turning to the interior, sticking to the land, sticking to the people to build movements, mainly building guerrilla forces, building fighting villages, fighting against sweeps and preparing for a general destruction of the militia, bringing troops back to the interior, dispersing and guiding the militia and guerrillas to fight... gathering the number of cadres and party members who had previously been dormant to assign tasks”[3, p.232]. In particular, regarding the issue of building bases, the Conference advocated: "Each district must build a joint guerrilla zone, the province must build a separate command practice base" [6, p.53]. At the end of 1950, the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee met at the Tien - Duyen - Hung CCDK (Thai Binh) to review the situation and discuss policies and tasks for restoring the movement. The Conference discussed many issues such as: Reviewing the implementation of the Resolution of the Provincial Party Committee Conference in April 1950;

In short, in the years 1946-1950, the policy of building a CCDK was one of the important policies of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee. The policy of building a CCDK of the Provincial Party Committee was a process of development from low to high, from incomplete to more complete, initially formed from the beginning of the resistance war and continuously supplemented and developed in the following years.

2.2. Party Committee's direction

2.2.1. Directing the construction of initial foundations for the establishment of guerrilla zones

2.2.1.1. Directing the fight against enemy encroachment and protecting the area

2.2.1.2. Directing the restoration of facilities in temporarily occupied areas

2.2.1.3.Directing against the enemyencroachmentand strengthen all aspectslivecontiguous zoneandfree zone

2.2.2. Construction directionsome of the first guerrilla zones

By November 1949, the work of building the initial political base for the establishment of the KDK and CCDK had achieved many positive results. As a result, by the end of June 1950, Company 95 and the people had built bases in Hoang Xa, Hoang Cac, Phu Oanh, Lai Khe, Ngu Lao, Pham Xa, Ha Cat, Ha Linh, Duyen Linh, Duyet Le, Hoang Tranh, Ngoc Tranh, Que Lam (Phu Cu), Kim Dang, Xich Dang (Hung Yen Town) and 15 other villages in Tien Lu. Vu Ho Company had built bases in 21 villages in Kim Dong district, 16 villages in Khoai Chau. Thanh Binh Company had 22 villages in An Thi, and 9 villages in Yen My. By the end of August 1950, "the entire province had restored bases in 102 villages, meeting the basic requirements of developing and consolidating bases among the people; promoting armed activities within the enemy's territory" [3, p.239].These are the first images of the KDKs in Hung Yen.

Chapter 2 Summary

During the first 5 years of the resistance war against the French in Hung Yen province, the French colonialists, with their superiority in troops, firepower, and mobile vehicles, tried every way to occupy Hung Yen, turning Hung Yen province into the most difficult area on the northern battlefield.

However, with the historical and cultural traditions, patriotism, self-reliance, under the leadership of the Party and President Ho Chi Minh, the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee has vigorously deployed the comprehensive people's resistance war. The Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee has thoroughly grasped the Party Central Committee's viewpoints on the people's war policy, the policy of building the revolutionary bases and the people's army, and has directed and organized specific tasks well, creating conditions for the establishment of the KDK and CCDK.

The process of rebuilding the base was a difficult and complicated process, a struggle between us and the enemy. There were times when it seemed that the Provincial Party Committee had successfully directed the construction of the KDKs and moved on to build the CCDKs, but was swept away by the French colonialists, driving their forces out of the area. In that struggle, the Party Committee not only learned lessons for itself in leading the resistance war but also saw the indomitable fighting spirit of the Hung Yen people. Among the bases in Hung Yen, the base of the people's hearts was probably the most solid base. That was the decisive factor for the Party Committee to successfully lead the construction of the CCDKs in the following period.

Chapter 3

HUNG YEN PROVINCIAL PARTY COMMITTEE LEADS IN CONSTRUCTION AND PROTECTIONGUERRILLA ZONE,GUERRILLA BASE(1951-1954)

3.1. Policy of Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee

3.1.1. New elementsimpact

3.1.1.1.Situationnew war

 On the French colonial side, after the heavy defeat at the Border Front in the Fall-Winter of 1950, the French colonialists fell into an extremely difficult and embarrassing situation. To save that situation, the French government had to ask for aid from the United States, and at the same time appointed General De Lattre De Tassigny (December 6, 1950), former Commander of the French 1st Army Group, to replace the old commander in Indochina. However, until 1953, the French colonialists' war plans still could not completely control the Delta. Faced with that situation, on May 8, 1953, with the consent of the United States, the French government sent General Nava to be the commander-in-chief of the French expeditionary army in Indochina, trying to intensify the war, in order to "find an honorable way out".

            TowardVietnamese resistance forces, after the 1950 Autumn-Winter Border Campaign, the Vietnamese resistance forces had a clear maturity. In the proactive offensive position, the Party Central Committee advocated continuing to launch offensive campaigns with the main direction being the midlands and the Red River Delta to destroy enemy forces, develop guerrilla warfare, destroy the French colonialists' plan to consolidate forces and pacify the Red River Delta, and maintain the initiative on the Northern battlefield.

3.1.1.2.Policynewof the Party

From February 11 to 19, 1951, the Second National Congress of the Party was held. The Congress passed many important documents, including the report "Building the People's Army to Complete the Liberation War" presented by comrade Vo Nguyen Giap. In Part II of the report, General Vo Nguyen Giap devoted a large section (section VII) to the issue of CCĐ.

To direct the struggle to continue moving forward, on January 20, 1952, the Party Central Committee issued a Directive on Strengthening Guerrilla Warfare on the Northern battlefield. Based on the assessment: "Our bases in the enemy's rear have developed, guerrilla warfare is on the rise" [89, p.4], the Directive identified the tasks that need to be carried out in the coming time: consolidating the bases, promoting the guerrilla movement and expanding and consolidating the CCĐ. Regarding the issue of expanding and consolidating the CCĐ, the Directive emphasized: "We must concentrate the majority of capable cadres here to solve the problem, we cannot do it on average like other places... The main bases that need to be built are: Tien Lu, Phu Cu - Hung Yen, Hai Duong and Tien - Duyen - Hung (Thai Binh) areas" [89, p.9].

Development must go hand in hand with consolidation, construction must be closely linked with protection. On January 26, 1952, predicting that the French colonialists withdrawing from Hoa Binh would concentrate troops to launch large-scale sweeps, the Secretariat issued a Directive to the Inter-Zone III Party Committee and the Provincial Party Committees onDevelop and strengthen guerrilla zones andguerrilla base, actively prepare to fight against the enemy's sweep.In short, from the beginning of 1951 until the end of the resistance war against French colonialism in 1954, the Party had many policies and measures in building KDK and CCDK.

3.1.2. Policy of Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee

The Border Victory in 1950 brought the resistance war of the Vietnamese people into a new period, however, during this period, Hung Yen province was still an area almost completely occupied by the enemy. Implementing the Directive dated January 26, 1952 of the Central Party Secretariat on "Develop and consolidate guerrilla zones and guerrilla bases, actively prepare against sweeps", March 29, 1952, the Standing Committee of Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee held an expanded meeting to issue a Resolution on"KConstruction and protection planguerilla zoneand plans to consolidate and develop the base in the temporarily occupied area".This can be considered a specialized Resolution of the Provincial Party Committee in the leadership of building KDK and CCDK in the new period.

3.2. Direction of Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee

3.2.1. Directionopen andbuildguerrilla zones,guerrilla base(1-1951to 4-1952)

* Directing the opening of guerrilla zonesand guerrilla base

After the defeat at the Border in 1950, the French colonialists sent troops to sweep back into the Red River Delta. The fighting villages and the military bases of Hung Yen province, which were formed in the summer and autumn of 1950, had not yet been consolidated when they were attacked and gradually lost by the French colonialists. On December 30, 1950, the Provincial Party Committee had a policy of opening military bases, but there was no opportunity to implement it because of the strong attacks by the French colonialists. On March 6, 1951, the French colonialists launched the "Dragon" sweep, attacking Phan Tay Ho commune, setting up Canh Hoach outpost, and pacifying the last fighting village of the province.

However, the opportunity to open military bases was opened for the Hung Yen army and people when the Party Central Committee had a policy of launching major campaigns to attack the midland and the Red River Delta. Implementing the policy of the Provincial Party Committee Conference on December 30, 1950 on opening military bases, from March 1951 to 1952, the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee directed the opening of 18 military bases, and formed 01 main military base in Phu Cu - Tien Lu.

Phu Cu - Tien Lu Guerrilla Base

Phu Cu - Tien Lu are two districts in the south of Hung Yen province. The south of the two districts borders Hung Ha and Quynh Phu districts (Thai Binh) and is separated by the Luoc River. The east of Phu Cu district borders Thanh Mien district (Hai Duong) and is separated by the Cuu An River. Both of these areas in the years 1951-1952 were strong KDKs of the neighboring province. Before 1951, although being attacked many times by French colonialists, both Phu Cu and Tien Lu districts had strong political bases. Phu Cu district was "a district with a fairly active movement in the province, a place to protect the province's headquarters even in the most difficult times" [134, p.101]. Meanwhile, Tien Lu district was also assessed by the Provincial Party Committee as "one of the districts with strong resistance forces in the province, capable of defeating major enemy sweeps" [96, p.109].

With those conditions, after the French colonialists reoccupied the entire province, from March 1951, the Provincial Party Committee's policy was to rebuild these areas to "become guerrilla zones as a springboard for all sectors of activity" [12, p.1] on that basis "build and advance into guerrilla bases" [192, p.10].

The formation of Phu Cu-Tien Lu guerrilla base was a long-term struggle, developing from low to high, from small and fragmented to expanded and unified into a solid block.

In terms of scope, Phu Cu - Tien Lu Industrial Zone is the process of expansion and consolidation of a series of industrial zones such asDong Phu Cu Guerrilla Zone (First Guerrilla Zone); Guerrilla Zonenorth of Phu Cu and southeast of An Thi(KDK second); North and Central Tien Lu Guerrilla Zone (Third KDK); South Tien Lu Guerrilla Zone (Eighth KDK);Phu Cu Central Guerrilla Zone (KDK 14th) andGuerrilla zone south of Phu Cu, south of Tien Lu (18th KDK).This guerrilla base was protected by a series of outer guerrilla bases, which were formed in neighboring districts such as Kim Dong, Khoai Chau, An Thi, and connected with Tien-Duyen-Hung guerrilla bases (Thai Binh) and Thanh Mien guerrilla bases (Hai Duong) to "become a large guerrilla base of the three provinces of Hai Duong, Thai Binh, and Hung Yen, the area and basic base of the Left Bank front, and the garrison of the 320th Division" [96, p.126].

In terms of construction, it was the process of consolidating each KDK. Every time a KDK was opened, the Provincial Party Committee often directed the forces to "stop for a while to consolidate the forces in all aspects" [21, p.92] to prepare to defeat enemy attacks and maintain the opened KDK. Typically, when the first three KDKs were opened, the Provincial Party Committee issued a Resolution in July 1951, which included the content of "consolidating the Phu Cu and Tien Lu guerrilla zones and preparing for development in districts with conditions" [3, p.253].

            * Directing comprehensive construction in guerrilla zones and guerrilla bases

            - Political construction

            - Building oneconomy

            -XBuilding and developing culture and education

3.2.2. Directing protection andpromote constructiontheguerrilla zone andguerrilla base(4-1952 to 5-1954)

*Directing the protection of theguerrilla zone and guerrilla base

*Construction directionaboutpolitics

            *Construction directionabouteconomy

*Directing the construction and development of culture-education          

Chapter 3 Summary

From 1951 to 1954 was the period of pushing the resistance war to complete victory. The Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee led the construction of the CCDK in the years full of difficulties and challenges. With dozens of major sweeping campaigns by the enemy, Hung Yen became the most difficult area on the Northern battlefield. In the difficulties, a number of cadres fled to neighboring provinces such as Hai Duong, Thai Binh, Nam Dinh, Ha Nam, Thanh Hoa. However, under the leadership of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee, in just a short time, cadres and party members returned to persevere in sticking to the land, sticking to the people, and developing the grassroots.

Implementing the Resolution of the 2nd Conference of the Party Central Committee on the tasks and guidelines for working in temporarily occupied areas and guerrilla zones (September 1951), especially since the Hoa Binh campaign, the KDK and CCDK were expanded throughout the districts to form a large free zone. From the resistance villages, the KDK and CCDK were built from small to large, from incomplete to gradually completed, from sporadic to continuous.

During this period, the Party Committee and people of Hung Yen defeated 6 major sweeps, hundreds of medium and small sweeps, destroyed, wore down and disintegrated the enemy ranks, attacked the strategic logistics lines of Route 5, consolidated and expanded the liberated areas, built 18 KDKs and built interconnected CCDKs connecting with other provinces. The results achieved contributed to the overall victory in the 1953-1954 Winter-Spring campaign and the Dien Bien Phu campaign, smashing the plot and will to invade of the French colonialists, forcing France to sign the Geneva Agreement and withdraw its troops from the 3 Indochinese countries.

Chapter 4

COMMENTS AND EXPERIENCES

4.1.Comment

4.1.1. Advantagesand the cause

4.1.1.1. Advantages

            Firstly, Hung Yen Party Committee has correctly applied the Party's policy on building the rear in the process of building guerrilla bases.

            Second, Hung Yen Party Committee has led the constructionthecomprehensive guerrilla base

            Third, the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee has taken specific and appropriate measures in the process of leading the construction of guerrilla bases.

            Fourth, the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee has built a team of cadres and party members who are good at military affairs, well versed in political tasks, and have a high sense of responsibility in building the CCDK.

4.1.1.2. Causesadvantage                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

            The first,cbased on the correct and creative policies of the Party and the skillful strategic direction of the Central Military Commission-The General Command, under the direct command of the Regional Party Committee - Regional Command, Left Bank Front, Front 5, Regiment 42,helped, coordinated, and fought side by side with the army and people of Hung Yen to fight steadfastly in the enemy's rear.

            Monday,SCreativity, grasping the Party's policies and guidelines, taking advantage of opportunities, promoting favorable conditions of time, place and people of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee in building the CCDK are decisive factors for victory.

            Third, persistently sticking to the land, sticking to the people, sticking to the enemy, grasping the guidelines, grasping the cadres, grasping the armed forces, moving quickly, building a solid local HP, that is the decisive victory in building the CCDK in Hung Yen.

4.1.2 Limitationsand the cause

4.1.2.1. Limitations

            The first, In the early stages, the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee was not flexible, and the political bases did not meet the requirements of the resistance war.

Second, the construction of fighting villages is still heavy on formality.

Tuesday,vsolidarity, fostering people's strength,There are still deviations, not close to requirements.

4.1.2.2. Causes of limitations

            Objectively,due to the location ofconsciousHung Yen is located deep in enemy territory.shouldoften fiercely attacked

            About subjectivity,leadership capacity ofHung Yen Provincial Party Committeesearly timelimited becauselackexperiencem when mustfacing a new kind of war

 4.2.Historical experience

4.2.1. Thoroughly grasp and creatively apply the Party's policy on building the rear during the Vietnam People's War

4.2.2. Persistently clinging to the land and relying on the people into the people to build guerrilla bases

4.2.3. Combining construction with protection of guerrilla bases

4.2.4. Strengthening the building of guerrilla militia forces

4.2.5. Pay attention to building Party organizations at the grassroots level

                                                Chapter 4 Summary

During the difficult years of the resistance war against the French, the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee experienced ups and downs, storms. There were times when the whole province was heavily attacked by the enemy, cadres and party members had to leave the land and stay away from the people. The Party Committee promptly and strictly reviewed and corrected mistakes and shortcomings, cadres and party members returned to the land and the people. Relying on the people to both build and fight, build the initial political base, and move on to build the CCDK.

Under the leadership of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee, cadres, party members and armed forces of the three types of military force joined hands with the people of Hung Yen to successfully carry out the task of "turning the enemy's rear into our front line", forming KDKs and CCDKs in the enemy's heart. Thanks to KDKs and CCDKs, the armed forces had a foothold, a starting point to attack the enemy right in their heart. Also thanks to sticking to the land and people, building bases in the hearts of the people, no matter how difficult the situation, the Provincial Party Committee overcame all difficulties and challenges, fought step by step to win, and contributed greatly to the resistance war of the Inter-zone and the Left Bank.

The source of the success of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee in building the resistance zones is due to the correct direction of the Party Central Committee, the direct direction of the Inter-Zone III Party Committee, the Left Bank. Thanks to the Party's firm grasp of the Party's policies and guidelines for resistance and the creative application of the local Party Committee, the Party Committee has successfully built the resistance zones and resistance zones from nothing to something, from small to large, from incomplete to gradually complete, with increasingly affirmed scale and quality. Besides the very proud achievements in building the resistance zones of the Hung Yen Party Committee and people, there are still certain limitations such as lack of flexibility in building political bases as a stepping stone to building the resistance zones, not paying attention to building resistance villages, many resistance villages are too formalistic, there are no specific measures to deal with enemy sweeps, and there are still many limitations in nurturing people's strength. The reason for these limitations was due to Hung Yen's geographical location behind enemy lines, and it was often subjected to fierce attacks. Hung Yen was not a locality with favorable terrain conditions like many other provinces. Party committees at all levels encountered difficulties when they first faced a new type of invasion war, with modern weapons and technology.

From the practice of leading the construction of KDK and CCDK in Hung Yen, the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee has left valuable lessons:Mone is,thoroughly grasp and creatively apply the Party's policy on building the rear during the Vietnam People's War;Two is, persistently clinging to the land, clinging to the people, relying on the people to build guerrilla bases;Three is, combining construction with protection of guerrilla bases;Four is, strengthen the building of guerrilla militia forces;Five is, attaching importance to building Party organizations at the grassroots level. The above lessons are of great value, applied by the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee during the resistance war against American imperialism and in the current work of building a local national defense.

The nine-year long resistance war was a period of arduous struggle for the Vietnamese people in general and the people of Hung Yen in particular. Along with the sacrifices and losses, there were also proud achievements. Under the leadership of the Party, the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee, together with the army and people of Hung Yen, contributed human and material resources to the common victory of the entire nation, contributing to enriching many experiences in the Party's people's war policy. That was the experience in building KDK and CCDK in a barren plain, without forests, without mountains, without favorable terrain conditions but with a strong people's heart.

CONCLUDE

            1.During the nine years of resistance against the French colonialists, under the leadership of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee, the people of Hung Yen gradually and successfully built the KDKs and CCDKs in the enemy-occupied areas, even behind the enemy's backs and in the enemy's heart. That historical reality has affirmed that the Party's policy of building the HP and CCDs is completely correct and creative. That policy has met the objective requirements of history, and the will and aspirations of the masses to rise up to fight for independence and freedom. It has turned into an extremely great material and spiritual strength, so that Hung Yen, from being the most difficult battlefield in the Red River Delta, has successfully built the KDKs and CCDKs, turning the enemy's rear into our frontline, and even higher, the on-site rear of the resistance war.

            2.The CCDKs in Hung Yen were built in places with strong political bases and armed forces. Although the terrain was not difficult, in the CCDKs, the cadres and party members often developed strongly, sometimes becoming independent party cells. And when clearly aware of the important issues of the war, they worked steadfastly, persistently sticking to the land and the people, not afraid of sacrifice and hardship, working day and night with the movement, closely attached to the masses.

In the history of fighting against foreign invaders, Hung Yen is a land that has been chosen dozens of times as a base to start an uprising, as a base for long-term resistance. When the people were enlightened and organized according to Party organizations, united in the fronts, the spirit of solidarity, determination to fight to the end, wholeheartedly stood up to liberate the homeland.

In the construction of the CCDK in Hung Yen, the guerrilla militia force was born and grew rapidly. This force was always proactive, creative, and resourceful in each battle, with diverse forms of combat such as raids, special attacks, fighting in the village, fighting outside the village, all the old militiamen, women, and children participated in the CTDK. This was the force that contributed to the resounding victory on the land of Hung Yen, the historical tradition.

            3.The process of forming and expanding the CCDKs in Hung Yen was fierce and complicated. There were times when the KDKs and CCDKs were opened consecutively, but there were also times when the KDKs were swept away by the enemy, temporarily retreated and became blank areas. To open the KDKs and move on to building inter-district and inter-provincial CCDKs was a process of comprehensive and persistent struggle. It was a process of going from building a political base to building KDKs and CCDKs from nothing to something, from small to large, from fragmentation to interconnection, from incomplete to gradually more complete.

            4.As a province with an important strategic position in the center of the Red River Delta, Hung Yen was often attacked by the enemy, especially the French colonialists who thoroughly exploited strategic factors such as implementing the plot of "using war to feed war, using Vietnamese to rule Vietnamese". However, with dozens of surveys and scientific research, the French colonialists still made serious mistakes and increasingly sank into humiliating failure. Especially the contradiction between concentration and dispersion of forces. When the French mobile troops withdrew elsewhere, it was the time when the revolutionary forces could seize the opportunity to open KDK and CCDK in places with conditions. This was the creative point of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee in the process of leading the construction of CCDK, so that Hung Yen, from being the most difficult battlefield in the Red River Delta, became a vibrant battlefield and gradually broke each piece of the enemy's grip, opening up large areas of freedom.

            5.Building the CCDK and conducting guerrilla warfare are the basic characteristics of a nation fighting against oppression, and are a form of mobilizing the entire population to participate in the resistance war to protect national independence. In the CCDKs, the Party's guidelines and policies on building a people's democratic regime are realized. While carrying out the main task of gaining true independence for the nation, in the CCDKs, the tasks of building politics, economy, culture, and education are all carried out to carry out the task of resistance and national construction. As soon as the KDKs and CCDKs were opened, the people's democratic regime was also carried out, maintained, and consolidated. This was the driving force for the people to enthusiastically participate in the resistance war, doing a good job of providing human and material resources to serve the long-term resistance war.

            6.The successful construction of the CCDK in Hung Yen on a barren plain, without forests, without seas, without borders is a creation of the Hung Yen Provincial Party Committee in applying the viewpoints of Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh's thought on building CCDK and HP. It partly answers the question: Where to rely on, where to get the strength to fight the enemy? That has affirmed that wherever there are patriotic people, there is ready to be HP of the resistance. The reality of building CCDK in Hung Yen has made HP also become the frontline and the frontline is also HP. Between the frontline and HP there is no longer a clear distinction in terms of space as in classical warfare. The successful construction of CCDK in Hung Yen has left extremely valuable lessons in the process of fighting against American imperialism and the cause of building socialism today. It also makes a great contribution to the theoretical treasure of Marxism-Leninism on revolutionary war, which has been creatively applied in the historical process of the Communist Party of Vietnam.