Author name: Dinh Thi Thanh Mai
Thesis title:Research on the text General Pharmacopoeia
Dissertation field: Han Nom
Major: Han Nom Code: 62 22 01 04
Name of the postgraduate training unit: University of Social Sciences and Humanities - Vietnam National University, Hanoi.
1. Purpose and research objects of the thesis
Traditional Vietnamese medicine from its inception to the present has gone through many centuries with diverse developments in many fields such as: medicinal herbs, medicinal properties of Vietnam, treatment methods (eight methods).[1], or health care methods to improve physical condition, etc... Traditional ethnic medicine has, together with modern medicine, contributed to protecting and caring for human health.
In traditional medicine, medicinal herbs are one of the important factors. In our country, medicinal herbs are very rich, including herbs, animals and minerals. Each type of medicinal herb has different names, properties and uses.
From the practice of survival, Vietnamese ancestors knew what plants, fruits, and animals to eat; knew how to grow crops and raise livestock to create beneficial resources for the body, combining food with suitable spices to remove fishy smell and make it easy to digest; knew how to make wine to drink and use as medicine; knew how to soak poison to fight against enemies (during the time of An Duong Vuong). Many medicinal herbs were gradually discovered (Cat can, Longan, Lychee, Quyt, Apricot...), many medicinal herbs were exported to China: Coix, Su quan tu, Hoac huong...
In Vietnam, the Imperial Medical Institute was established during the period of independence (10th century), with the responsibility of overseeing medical examination and treatment for the king and mandarins, leading medicine and public health, under the direction of Te Sinh Duong and Ty Luong.
The tradition of growing medicinal herbs to prevent and treat diseases was continued by Hai Thuong Lan Ong Le Huu Trac (from Hai Duong province).
In the rather large system of medical books written in Chinese and Nom characters in Vietnam, Medicinal materials are also a part of the documents containing a lot of useful medical knowledge. At the Institute of Han Nom Studies (VNCHN), currently preserving a group of documentsGeneral medicinal propertiesThe King The Kingwaterwith 7 copies (VHv. 515, VHv.518, VHv.519, VHv.536, VNv, 274, VHb.209, VHv.1027) in the system of traditional medicine texts. The content of the work provides basic knowledge for people entering medicine, introduces Chinese medicinal herbs and especially Vietnamese medicinal herbs; demonstrates the learning and creative absorption of Vietnamese people before Chinese medical knowledge.
With such awareness, the PhD student chose the topicTextual researchGeneral medicinal propertiesas the topic of the thesis.
The research object of the thesis is the group of documents. General medicinal propertiescurrently kept in VNCHN[2], including versions:
2. Research methods used
The Han Nom textual method is the main method applied to establish the text system.General medicinal properties, determine the date, author, and transmission process, thereby determining the best text to introduce and publish.
Quantitative method, to count the number of medicinal herbs, the number of heterologous texts.
The hermeneutic method (also known as hermeneutics) is also used to explain, interpret, or translate medicinal herbs inGeneral medicinal properties.
Medical method, with the orientation of exploiting the content value of the workGeneral medicinal properties, contributing to introducing medicinal properties in pharmacology and socializing traditional medical works.
Interdisciplinary research aims to highlight the historical, cultural, medical, etc. values expressed in the work.General medicinal properties.
3. Main results and conclusions
3.1. Main results
- Systematize the text in a comprehensive wayGeneral medicinal propertiesCurrently kept at VNCHN, research text characteristics, compare and contrast texts, analyze different texts, in order to select the most reliable text to translate and publish.
- Compare and contrast groups of textsGeneral medicinal propertiescurrently in VNCHN withMedicinal properties of the four hundred herbsof Cung Dinh Hien (China) to see the Vietnamization inGeneral medicinal propertiescompiled by Vietnamese
- WorkGeneral medicinal propertiesare translated and introduced, adding to the overall picture of the country's traditional medicine. At the same time, translating Nom songs will provide pure Vietnamese names for physicians to recognize the names of medicines currently existing among the people for the convenience of preservation and exploitation.
- The documentary values of the workGeneral medicinal propertiesis focused on exploiting, aiming to provide information about Vietnamese traditional medicine in general, as well as contributing to a better understanding of medicinal herbs in particular.
- The research results of the thesis can be used in compiling traditional medicine prescriptions, and can also become the basis for writing about medicinal properties in pharmacology at traditional Vietnamese medicine institutions as well as medical universities with traditional medicine departments.
- Medical letterMedicinal properties of the four hundred herbstransmitted to Vietnam early on, the Vietnamese people accepted and created, adding more traditional Vietnamese medicines that the bookMedicinal properties of the four hundred herbsNo, use ethnic script and literature to record names of medicinal herbs, remedies, and instructions on how to treat diseases.
3.2. Conclusion
Through the study of the text of the book "The Book of Changes"General medicinal properties, can confirm the group of documents 藥性歌括General medicinal propertiesVietnamese Han Nom exists as a group of texts with the same name with different VHv and VNv symbols: VHv.518, VHv.274, VHv.515, VHv.519, VHb.209, VHv.1027, VHv.536, VHv.2070.
The textual characteristics of this group of texts are primitive folklore belonging to the VHv. VNv. book collection, which is a collection of books collected from the people after the land revolution.
The collective nature of 藥性歌括General medicinal propertiesin terms of text organization. It is both absorbing Chinese documents and showing Vietnamese creativity in compiling content and literary style, and expressing writing. If in 藥性歌括四百味Medicinal properties of the four hundred herbsCung Dinh Hien's book has only one content about medicine (name, characteristics, properties, and effects of medicinal herbs), but inGeneral medicinal propertiesVietnamese Han Nom also mentions many contents about Medicine - Pulse - Medicine, using both Han and Nom characters, using ca, ca quat, phu, luc bat, luan, thuc, quyet to help the comprehension of traditional medical knowledge become more vivid.
On that basis, the thesis has created a list of textualized contents, synthesizing 70 items, classifying those lists according to two general and specific principles. General means there are two or more documents, corresponding to the name of the document as medicinal properties. Specific means it only appears in one document. The result is the creation of two groups of general structure and specific structure.
Affirming the unity of the general structure and the specific structure in the complete wholeGeneral medicinal properties, as a basic medical textbook for physicians.
The Vietnamese nature of the problem for language use.
From the core values mentioned above, it can be affirmed thatGeneral medicinal propertiesis a text that is useful for life.
SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS
The author's name: Dinh Thi Thanh Mai
Thesis title:Study on the documents ofPharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine
Scientific branch of the thesis: Sino Nom
Major: Sino Nom Code: 62 22 01 04
The name of postgraduate training institution: The University of Social Sciences and Humanities – Vietnam National University, Hanoi
1. Thesis purpose and objectives:
Traditional Vietnamese medicine has been diversely developed for many centuries in many fields such as the pharmacognosy of South Vietnam's medicinal properties, treatment methods (eight methods), or the nourishing method to improve the physical condition, etc. National traditional medicine together with modern medicine has contributed to the protection and health care for human beings.
In the national medicine, medicinal herbs are one of the important factors. In our country, sources of medicinal herbs are abundant including herbs, animals and minerals. Each type of medicinal herb has different names, properties and uses.
In the reality, for the purpose of survival, the Vietnamese's ancestors knew which plants, fruits and animals to eat; knew how to cultivate and raise livestock to create a beneficial source for the body, combining food with suitable spices to eliminate fishy smell and to be easy to digest; they knew how to cook wine for drinking and for making medicine; knew how to impregnate poison to fight enemies (An Duong Vuong's time). Many medicinal herbs had been gradually discovered (Cat Can, Long Nhan, Le Chi, Quyt, Mo ...), many medicinal herbs had been exported to China: coix seed, Ragoon creeper, and Patchouli.
In Vietnam, Thai Medicine Vien (the board of royal physicians) was established since the period of independence and self-control (in the 10th century), and was responsible for the medical examination and treatment for the kings, mandarins, medical leaders and people's health under the direction of Te Sinh Duong and Ty luong.
The tradition of cultivating herbs for prevention and treatment of dicease continued to be succeeded by Hai Thuong Lan Mr. Le Huu Trac (Hai Duong province's citizen).
In a rather large system of medical documents written in Han-Nom script in Vietnam, Medicinal herbs are also materials containing many useful medical knowledge. At the Institute of Han-Nom script research, the documents onPharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicineThe most beautiful woman The most beautiful womanincluding 7 copies have been stored (VHv. 515, VHv.518, VHv.519, VHv.536, VNv, 274, VHb .209, VHv.1027) belonging to the system of traditional medicine documents. The fact that the content of the work, the basic knowledge for medical introducing people, the introduction of Chinese medicinal herbs and especially the introduction of Vietnamese medicinal herbs indicates the learning ability, perception skill and the creativity of Vietnamese people towards Chinese medicine knowledge.
With that awareness, the Ph.D student chose the titleStudy on the documents ofPharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicinefor the thesis title.
The subjects to be studied are the documents of Pharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine which are stored at the Institute of Han-Nom script research, including:
1.Pharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicineThe most beautiful woman The most beautiful woman,codedVNv.274, contains 240 pages.
2.Heirloom of the pulse method家傳脈法國語歌, coded VHv.515, contains 152 pages..
3. Pharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicineThe most beautiful woman The most beautiful woman, coded VHv.518, contains 240 pages.
5. Pharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicineThe most beautiful woman The most beautiful woman, coded VHv.536, contains 119 pages.
6. Pharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicineThe most beautiful woman The most beautiful woman, codedVHv. 1027, contains 66 pages
7. Pharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicineThe most beautiful woman The most beautiful woman, coded VHb. 209, contains 262 pages.
2. Research methods
The method of Han Nom text study is the major method used to establish the writing system ofPharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine, date inspection, author, process of compilation, then to specify the best document for the introduction and publication.
Quantitative method for the purpose of statistics of the number of herbs and the number of heterogeneous documents.
The method of hermeneutics (also known as learning preference) is also used to explain, interpret, or translate medicinal herbs inPharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine.
Medical method, with the orientation of developing the content value ofPharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine, contributing to introducing medicinal properties in pharmacognosy and socializing traditional medicine works.
Interdisciplinary research aims to specify the historical, cultural and medical values, ... shown inPharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine.
3.Major results and conclusions:
3.1.Major results
- To completely systematizePharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicinestored at the Institute of Han-Nom script research,to study the document's characteristics, to compare documents, to analyze heterogeneity among documents, aiming to select the most reliable document for the translation and publication.
- To compare the series of documents ofPharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicinestored at the Institute of Han-Nom script research withPharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicineby Cung Dinh Hien (China) to realize the Vietnamese features inPharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicinecompiled by Vietnamese people.
- ThePharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicinehas been translated and introduced, and added to the overall picture of the traditional medicine in the country. At the same time, translating the Nom script documents will provide pure Vietnamese names to let the doctors know the name of the medicine that exists in the folk to facilitate the preservation and exploitation.
- Values in terms of reference of thePharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicineare focused on exploiting, aiming to provide information on traditional Vietnamese medicine in general, as well as to contribute to understanding more about medicinal herbs in particular.
- The research results of the thesis can be used in compiling remedies of traditional medicine and become the basis for writing about pharmaceutical properties in pharmacognosy at traditional medicine facilities in Vietnam as well as traditional medicine departments of medical universities.
- Medical letterPharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine in quartet tasteswas transmitted to Vietnam in early time and was perceived and created by Vietnamese people. They also added some Vietnamese medicinal herbs, used the national characters to name the medicine, medicinal remedies and instructions thatPharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine in quartet tastes didn't have.
3.2.Conclusions
Through the study of documents藥性歌括Pharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine, it is possible to affirm that the series of documents藥性歌括Pharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicinein Han Nom script existing in Vietnam is the ones having the same name but different code VHv and VNv: VHv.518, VHv.274, VHv.515, VHv.519, VHb.209, VHv.1027, VHv.536, VHv.2070.
The document's characteristics of this document series bear the primary folk belonging to VHv repository. VNv. is a series of books collected from the folk after the land revolution.
The convergence of 藥性歌括 Pharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine in terms of the organization of documents includes the understanding of Chinese books and the creativity of Vietnamese people through the compilation of contents and characters as well as letter forms. While in 藥性歌括Pharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine in quartet tastes by Cung Dinh Hien contains only one content about pharmacognosy (name, characteristics, properties and use of medicinal herbs), Pharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine in Han-Nom script consists of many contents including Pharmacognosy – Pulse – Medicine in both Han script and Nom script, using textbook, medicine, richness, sin-eight-word distich metre, conclusion, awareness and decision helping the perception of traditional medicine knowledge.
On this basis, the thesis is to make the category of contents with 70 categories in the general and particular ways. There are more than 2 documents in accordance with the name of the document in term of pharmaceutical properties in the general way. There is one document in the particular way. As the results, there are the general and particular structures.
The general structure contains the categories ofPharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine.
The particular structure contains the integration of general structure and particular structure in the entire ofPharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine,becoming the basic medical pharmaceutical textbook for physicians.
Vietnam's characteristics of the matter are considered for the language use.
The key values mentioned above affirm thatPharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicineis useful document toward the human life.
Author:ussh
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