I. FROM THE RENEWAL PLAN OF THE 6TH CONGRESS (1986)
1.1. Breakthroughs that shape the path of innovation
According to the model and path to socialism determined by the 4th Party Congress, in the period of 1976-1986, besides the great victories in defending the Fatherland and many remarkable achievements in building the country, the economic and social situation of Vietnam also revealed many mistakes, weaknesses and fell into a state of increasingly serious crisis. That reality of Vietnam, together with the profound changes in the world situation, posed to the Party the problem of renewing thinking about socialism and the path to socialism...
The process of moving towards the Party's innovation path has taken place through many struggles, explorations, and experiments, including three major breakthroughs.The opening breakthroughThe 6th Central Committee Conference, 4th term (August 1979) advocated by all means to make production "explode"; no longer considering planning as the only form of economic development; affirming the necessity of combining planning with the market.Second breakthroughThe 8th Central Conference, Session V (June 1985) with the policy of resolutely abolishing the centralized bureaucratic subsidy mechanism, implementing the one-price mechanism; abolishing the regime of providing goods at low prices; transferring all production and business activities to the socialist business accounting mechanism.The Third Breakthroughis the 5th Politburo Conference (August 1986 and late 1986) with "Conclusions on some issues related to economic viewpoints": a) In arranging the economic structure and investment structure, agriculture must be taken as the leading front; efforts must be made to develop light industry; heavy industry must be selectively developed; b) In socialist transformation, it is necessary to identify the multi-sector economic structure as a characteristic of the transition period to socialism in our country; c) In the economic management mechanism, planning must be taken as the center, but at the same time, it is necessary to use the right commodity and monetary relations, resolutely abolish the centralized and subsidized mechanism; price policy must apply the law of value, moving towards implementing a single price mechanism. The above conclusion of the Politburo has great significance in orienting the fundamental re-drafting of the Draft Political Report submitted to the 6th Party Congress, the Congress that decided on the path of comprehensive national renewal.
1.2. Basic content of the innovation policy of the 6th Congress
The 6th National Congress of the Party was held from December 5 to 18, 1986 with the Political Report presented by comrade Truong Chinh. The Congress discussed and approved the renovation policy in the direction of socialism, marking a turning point in the Party's leadership in the cause of national construction and defense, reflected in the following basic contents:
With an attitude of looking straight at the truth, the Congress affirmed the achievements and pointed out the limitations of the 1976-1986 period, drawing conclusions.lessons learnedhas fundamental guiding significance for the cause of building socialism and defending the Fatherland. On the basis of determining that it is necessary to thoroughly grasp and implement the two strategic tasks of building and defending the socialist Fatherland, the Congress has raised the path of comprehensive national renewal, focusing on a number of major issues as follows::
On the concept of the transitional period to socialismThe Party considers it a long-term process, consisting of many successive periods and stages, each period and stage has different goals, steps, scale, speed, and appropriate measures, from low to high. We must not rush into it, arbitrarily, or rush into it, but must follow the law from small-scale production to large-scale socialist production. According to that thinking, the Congress determined that our country is in the first stage, the first stage of the transition period.
About goals and tasks:The Party believes that because our country is in the early stages of the transition period, the overarching task and general goal of the remaining years of this journey is to stabilize all aspects of the socio-economic situation, continue to build the necessary premises for promoting socialist industrialization in the next stage. The specific goals of this stage are: Production is sufficient for consumption and accumulation; Initially creating a reasonable economic structure to develop production; Building and perfecting a new step of production relations suitable to the nature and level of productive forces; Creating positive changes in society; Ensuring the need to strengthen national defense and security.
About tasks and solutions:The Congress advocated comprehensive innovation in economics, politics, society, culture, foreign affairs, but mainly economics, focusing on economic innovation on that basis to gradually innovate politics and other fields. To innovate the economy, it is necessary to implement 10 solutions, focusing on rearranging the production structure, adjusting the investment structure in the direction of attaching importance to agriculture, focusing on implementing 3 major economic programs (food, consumer goods, export goods); Building and consolidating socialist production relations, properly using and reforming economic sectors, considering a multi-sector economy as a characteristic of the transition period in our country; Innovating the economic management mechanism, switching to socialist business accounting, following the market mechanism, ...
The guiding ideology of the renovation policy is: Liberate all existing production capacity, exploit all potentials of the country and effectively use international assistance to develop productive forces along with building and consolidating socialist production relations. The Party and State create conditions and mechanisms for the people to do, not do for the people.
So, the Party's innovation policy, focusing on economic innovation, is the new thinking on 3 basic issues: Rearranging the production structure, major adjustment of the investment structure, focusing on 3 major economic programs in the immediate future; Building and consolidating socialist production relations, properly using and reforming economic sectors; Innovating the economic management mechanism, switching to socialist business accounting, implementing 1 price (simply put, switching from emphasizing industry to emphasizing agriculture, from two economic sectors to many economic sectors and from a planned mechanism to a market mechanism)
II. TO THE PROCESS OF SUPPLEMENTING AND DEVELOPING THE RENEWAL PATH (1986-2016)
2.1. From 1986 to 1996: supplementing and developing the innovation policy to bring the country out of economic and social crisis.
After the 6th Congress (December 1986), the 6th Central Committee held many conferences focusing on leading the implementation of the fourth 5-year plan (1986 - 1990), of which the 2nd/6th Conference (April 1987) was important.decide on the direction of solving the problem of distribution circulation.The 3rd/6th Conference (August 1987) decided on"transfer"Transferring the operations of state-owned economic units to socialist business accounting, innovating state economic management".The 5th/6th Conference (June 1988) issued a ResolutionResolution on some urgent issues on Party building. 6th/6th Conference (January 1989)assess the situation and propose specific policies to guide the renovation process in depth and outline basic principles that must be followed by the entire Party and people in the process of continuing the renovation process.The 7th/6th Conference (June 1989) issued a Resolution onSome urgent issues on ideological work in the current domestic and international situation. The 8th/6th Conference (3/1990) passed Resolutionon the situation of socialist countries, the destruction of imperialism and the urgent tasks of our Party(Resolution 8A). The Conference also discussed and approved ResolutionOn strengthening the relationship between the Party and the people, promoting people's mastery, and accelerating the innovation process(Resolution 8B). The 9th/6th Conference (August 1990) discussed a number of urgent socio-economic issues, with the guiding ideology of resolutely implementinginnovation of economic management mechanism,…
In June 1991, the Party held the 7th Congress with the spirit of:Intelligence - innovation - democracy - discipline - solidarity", throughPlatform for national construction in the transitional period to socialism, Strategy for socio-economic stability and development to the year 2000,…PlatformThere are 4 parts, 12 major issues, affirmed4 great victoriesof the Vietnamese revolution under the leadership of the Party according to previous platforms and drawn fromfive big lessons learned, throughout the Vietnamese revolution. Regarding the construction of socialism, the Platform has presented a general overview of the great and profound changes in the international situation affecting our country's revolution, and raised the Party's concept of socialism that our people will build as a society with6 basic features: Owned by the working people; Having a highly developed economy based on modern productive forces and public ownership of the main means of production; Having an advanced culture, imbued with national identity; People are liberated from oppression, exploitation, injustice, working according to their ability, enjoying according to their labor, having a prosperous, free, happy life, having conditions for comprehensive personal development; The ethnic groups in the country are equal, united and help each other to progress together; Having friendly and cooperative relations with the people of all countries in the world.
From June 1991 to June 1996, the 7th Central Committee held thematic conferences to discuss the implementation of the Congress Resolution. Notably, the 2nd/7th Conference (November 1991) discussed the issue of socio-economic stability and development and the amendment of the Constitution. The 3rd/7th Conference (June 1992) studied and decided on three important issues:world situation and foreign policy; strengthening national defense, maintaining national security; Party innovation and rectification.The 5th/7th Conference (June 1993) further researched onagricultural and rural situation,decide on policies to make agriculture and rural areas progress faster and more firmly...
From January 20 to 25, 1994 in Hanoi, the mid-term National Delegates Conference of the 7th term met and pointed out that the renovation process was facing four major challenges:the risk of falling further behind economically compared to many countries in the region and the world; the risk of deviating from socialism; the risk of corruption and bureaucracy; the risk of "peaceful evolution" by hostile forces.The 7th/7th Conference (7/1994) discussedon policies for industrial and technological development and working class building. The 8th/7th Conference (1/1995) discussed and passed a resolution oncontinuing to build and perfect the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, reforming the state administration step by step...
OverallBy the first half of 1996, the renovation process had gone through a 10-year journey and had achieved many successes.great new victoryOur country has emerged from the socio-economic crisis, but some aspects are still not stable.
2.2. From 1996 to 2016: supplementing and developing the innovation policy, promoting industrialization, modernization of the country and international integration
8th National CongressThe Party meeting from June 22 to July 1, 1996 has drawnSix key lessons from 10 years of innovation: Upholding the goal of national independence and socialism, grasping the two strategic tasks of building and defending the Fatherland, persevering in Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh thought; Closely combining economic innovation with political innovation from the beginning, taking economic innovation as the focus, while gradually renewing politics; Building a multi-sector commodity economy, operating according to the market mechanism, coupled with strengthening the State's management role in the direction of socialism. Economic growth is closely linked to social progress and equity, preserving and promoting national cultural identity, protecting the ecological environment; Expanding and strengthening the great national unity bloc, promoting the strength of the whole nation; Expanding international cooperation, gaining the sympathy, support and assistance of the people of the world, combining the strength of the nation with the strength of the times; Strengthening the leadership role of the Party, considering Party building a key task.The congress advocated moving to a period of promoting industrialization and modernization.By 2020, our country will basically become a modern industrialized country.
Next, the 2nd/8th Central Committee Conference (December 1996) passed ResolutionOn strategic orientation for education and training development in the period of industrialization and modernization and tasks until the year 2000;and ResolutionOn the strategic orientation of science and technology development in the period of industrialization and modernization and tasks until the year 2000. The 5th/8th Conference (7/1998) issued ResolutionOn building and developing an advanced Vietnamese culture imbued with national identity,Consider culture as the spiritual foundation of society, both the goal and the driving force for socio-economic development...
Entering the 21st century, our country's revolution is facing both great opportunities and risks and challenges that cannot be ignored.9th National CongressThe Party met from April 19 to 22, 2001 with the following topics:Promote the strength of the entire nation, continue innovation, promote industrialization and modernization, build and protect the socialist Vietnamese Fatherland.The congress emphasized a number ofmain lessonlike:One is,In the process of innovation, we must persevere in the goal of national independence and socialism on the foundation of Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh thought.Second, pour.i must rely on the people, for the benefit of the people, be consistent with reality, and always be creative.Third,Innovation must combine national strength with the strength of the times.Four is,The Party's correct line is the decisive factor for the success of the innovation cause.
The Congress believes that the path forward for our country is the transitional development to socialism bypassing the capitalist regime, that is, bypassing the establishment of the dominant position of production relations and capitalist superstructure, but absorbing and inheriting the achievements that humanity has achieved under the capitalist regime, especially in science and technology, to rapidly develop productive forces and build a modern economy. During the transitional period, there are many forms of ownership of means of production, many different classes and social strata.The interests of the working class are unified with the interests of the whole nation.in the common goal of national independence associated with socialism, rich people, strong country, fair, democratic, civilized society...
After the Congress, the 3rd/9th Central Committee Conference (September 2001) affirmedState economy must play a leading role. The 5th/IX Conference (February 2002) issued ResolutionOn accelerating industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the 2001 period–2010 and Resolutionon innovation, development and improvement of collective economic efficiency; Resolution on continuing to innovate mechanisms and policies, encouraging and facilitating the development of the private economy. The 6th/IX Conference (7/2002) gave opinions on continuing to develop science and technology education and training until 2005 and until 2010. The 7th/IX Conference (3/2003) passed Resolutionon promoting the strength of national solidarity for a rich people, a strong country, a fair, democratic and civilized society; Resolution on ethnic affairs and resolution on religious affairs; Resolution on continuing to innovate land policies and laws in the period of accelerating industrialization and modernization of the country. The 8th/9th Conference (7/2003) issued a Resolution onStrategy to protect the Fatherland in the new situation...
In April 2006, the 10th National Congress of the Party met with the theme: "Enhance the Party's leadership capacity and fighting strength, promote the strength of the entire nation, comprehensively promote the renovation process, and soon bring our country out of underdevelopment.”. Evaluation of the achievements of the renovation process (1986 - 2006). The Congress revised the 6 characteristics of socialism set forth by the 7th Congress and added 2 new characteristics:Rich people, strong country, fairness, democracy, civilization;andThere is a socialist rule of law state of the people, by the people, for the people under the leadership of the Communist Party"([1]).
Next, the 3rd/10th Central Committee Conference (July 2006) approvedResolution on strengthening the Party's leadership in the work of preventing and combating corruption and waste; Regulations on Party members doing private business.The 4th/10th Conference (January 2007) discussed projects on a number of major policies and guidelines when Vietnam became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO); issued a Resolution onVietnam's Marine Strategy to 2020. The 5th/X Conference (7/2007) listened to reports and discussed the following projects:Ideological, theoretical and press work in response to new requirements; Strengthening the Party's inspection and supervision work; Continuing to innovate the Party's leadership method for the activities of the political system; Promoting administrative reform, improving the effectiveness and efficiency of management of the state apparatus. The 6th/10th Conference (1/2008) listened to reports and discussed the following projects:Continuing to build the Vietnamese working class in the period of promoting industrialization and modernization; Continuing to perfect the socialist-oriented market economic institution; Regarding the expansion of the administrative boundaries of Hanoi Capital. The 7th/X Conference (7/2008) listened to reports and discussed the Projects: "Strengthening the Party's leadership over youth work in the period of promoting industrialization and modernization"; "Building a contingent of intellectuals in the period of promoting industrialization, modernization of the country and international economic integration"; "Issues of agriculture, farmers, and rural areas"...
The 11th National Party Congress took place from January 12 to 19, 2011 with the theme:Continue to enhance the Party's leadership capacity and fighting strength, promote the strength of the entire nation, comprehensively promote the innovation process, and create a foundation for our country to basically become a modern industrialized country by 2020..Supplementary and developed platform 2011The Congress approved that the socialist society that our people are building is a society with8 features: Rich people, strong country, democracy, fairness, civilization; owned by the people; has a highly developed economy based on modern productive forces and appropriate progressive production relations; has an advanced culture, imbued with national identity; people have a prosperous, free, happy life, and have conditions for comprehensive development; ethnic groups in the Vietnamese community are equal, united, respect and help each other to develop together; has a socialist rule-of-law state of the people, by the people, for the people led by the Communist Party; has friendly and cooperative relations with countries in the world ([2]).
Following the Congress, the 3rd/11th Central Committee Conference (October 2011) approvedRules on what party members are not allowed to do. The 4th/11th Conference (December 2011) reviewed and gave opinions on:Project on some urgent issues on Party building today;Project to build a synchronous infrastructure system to turn our country into a modern industrialized country by 2020.The 5th/11th Conference (5/2012) discussed and issuedConclusion on the summary of the implementation of the 1992 Constitution and some basic contents that need to be amended and supplemented to the 1992 Constitution.The 6th/11th Conference (October 2012) discussed and gave opinions on the Project "Continue to arrange, innovate and improve the efficiency of state-owned enterprises";on continuing to innovate policies and lawson land in the period of promoting industrialization and modernization of the country;...The 7th/11th Conference (May 2013) discussed and gave directions on the following issues:Continue to innovate and perfect the political system from the central to grassroots levels; Strengthen and innovate the Party's leadership over mass mobilization work in the new situation; Proactively respond to climate change, strengthen resource management and environmental protection.. The 8th/11th Conference (October 2013) discussed and gave opinions on:fundamental and comprehensive innovation of education and training; Draft amendments to the 1992 Constitution; summary of 10 years of implementing Resolution of the 8th Central Committee (9th tenure) on the Strategy for protecting the Fatherland in the new situation;The 14th/11th Conference (January 2016) discussed and approved the policy of signingTrans-Pacific Partnership Agreement(TPP);...
The 12th National Party Congress took place from January 20 to 28, 2016 with the spirit: ""Solidarity, Democracy, Discipline, Innovation".The Congress considered that thirty years of renovation is an important historical period in the cause of building and defending the country, marking the maturity in all aspects of our Party, State and people. Overall, after 30 years of renovation, our country has achievedgreat achievements, of historical significance;At the same time, there are many big, complicated problems,many limitations, weaknessesneed to focus on solving and overcoming to continue to develop the country faster and more sustainably.The general goals for the 5 years 2016 - 2020 are:Strengthening the building of a clean and strong Party, improving the Party's leadership and fighting capacity, building a strong political system. Promoting the strength of the entire nation and socialist democracy. Comprehensively and synchronously promoting the renovation process; developing the economy rapidly and sustainably, striving to soon turn our country into a basically modern industrialized country. Improving the material and spiritual life of the people. Resolutely and persistently fighting to firmly protect the independence, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of the Fatherland, protecting the Party, the State, the people and the socialist regime. Maintaining peace and stability, proactively and actively integrating internationally to develop the country; enhancing the position and prestige of Vietnam in the region and the world.
III. SOME THOUGHTS ON SUPPLEMENTATION, DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION PATH AND ISSUES RAISED
3.1- Some new breakthroughs in supplementing and implementing the innovation policy (1986-2016)
Perception is a process. The supplementation and development of the Party's innovation policy from 1986 (6th Congress) to 2016 (12th Congress) took place step by step based on theoretical research and practical summary, from the requirements of the innovation process, in which the Party's Congresses were prominent.
7th Congress (1991)passed the "Platform for national construction in the transitional period to socialism", putting forward the most general concept of socialist society in Vietnam, the basic direction for building that society; affirmed Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh thought as the ideological foundation and compass for the Party's actions; affirmed the development of a multi-sector commodity economy operating according to a market mechanism under the management of the State, following the socialist orientation; implemented the diversification and multilateralization of international relations,...
8th Congress (1996)affirming that our country has emerged from the socio-economic crisis, continuing to clarify the concept of the first stage and the next stage in the transition period; clearly stating the goal of promoting industrialization and modernization of the country is to strive to turn our country into an industrialized country by 2020; considering economic innovation as the central task; considering culture as the spiritual foundation of society, both the goal and the driving force for socio-economic development; clarifying the socialist orientation in building a multi-sector commodity economy; continuing to affirm the building of a socialist rule-of-law state of the people, by the people, for the people; emphasizing the development of education-training and science-technology as the top national policy.
9th Congress (2001),Identify the common goal of our country's revolution in the current period as "national independence associated with socialism, rich people, strong country, fair, democratic, civilized society" (the new point in this common goal is the addition of the word "democracy); assess more deeply, more fully, more comprehensively the position and role of Ho Chi Minh's ideology; affirm the general economic model of the entire transitional period is a socialist-oriented market economy.
10th Congress (2006),drew 5 major lessons and argued that the Party's awareness of socialism and the path to socialism has become increasingly clearer; the system of theoretical viewpoints on the renovation process, on socialist society and the path to socialism in Vietnam has been formed on the basic features, defining the model of socialism in Vietnam as8 features.
11th Congress (2011)passed the 2011 supplemented and developed Platform, stating the general goal at the end of the transitional period in our country as: to basically build the economic foundation of socialism with a suitable political, ideological and cultural superstructure, creating the basis for our country to become an increasingly prosperous and happy socialist country; must strive to build our country into a modern industrial country, following the socialist orientation by the mid-20th century...
12th National Party Congress(1-2016) with the theme "Strengthening the building of a clean and strong Party; promoting the strength of the entire nation and socialist democracy; comprehensively and synchronously promoting the renovation process; firmly protecting the Fatherland, maintaining a peaceful and stable environment; striving to soon turn our country into a basically modern industrialized country. These are viewpoints that are both inherited and innovative, opening up a period of rapid and sustainable development for the renovation process in the direction of socialism in the coming time.
3.2. About experience and some issues raised
It can be said that, by the beginning of 2016, our Party had basically formed a system of theoretical viewpoints on the renovation process and the path to socialism in Vietnam..The practice of formation as well as the process of supplementing and developing the innovation policy shows that:
One is, substantial innovation.is to protect and promote what is old and correct, to modify what is right but no longer suitable, to abandon what is old and wrong; to create and absorb what is new and good, to transform what is new and not suitable; to resolutely eliminate what is new and wrong, not right for Vietnam..
Second, the path of innovationis the result of a process of exploration and experimentation, through the struggles and arduous thinking on the basis of summarizing practices, combined with the application of theory, successively going through important breakthroughs from low to high, going from partial innovation to fundamental innovation, from innovation in each aspect to comprehensive innovation and must continue to supplement and develop the innovation policy during the innovation period.
Third,To innovate, the Party must know how to listen, filter, summarize, and generalize the opinions, initiatives, and creative ways of doing things of local people and grassroots people, in order to come up with correct decisions and appropriate policies, especially in difficult times or when faced with turning-point requirements.
Four is,Innovation is a struggle between the old and the new, often taking place fiercely within each individual, in each organization and locality. Therefore, we must persevere in innovation, dare to look straight at the truth, dare to admit mistakes, give up ways of thinking and doing that are no longer suitable; resolutely overcome conservative and dogmatic thinking; at the same time, we must not fall into extremes, be impatient, consider innovation as vital, but must do it step by step firmly, cautiously, with principles, not straying from the goal.
Five is,The innovation policy was formed on the basis of independence, autonomy, creativity, originating from Vietnam's reality, while at the same time selectively referring to international experience, ensuring that the policy is in accordance with the law, pleasing to the people, and suitable for the times to quickly enter life.
Through 30 years of innovation(1986-2016), the Party's awareness of socialism and the path to socialism in our country has become increasingly clearer. However, we see the need and possibility to supplement and edit a number of issues as follows:
The firstThe theme of the 12th Party Congress is correct, concise, and profound, but shouldput democracy first, wall "Strengthening socialist democracy and building a clean and strong Party; promoting the strength of the entire nation; comprehensively and synchronously promoting the renovation process; firmly defending the Fatherland, maintaining a peaceful and stable environment; striving to soon turn our country into basically a modern industrialized country.”. That is becausedemocracyis a very fundamental factor, both a goal and a driving force for Party building, for promoting the strength of the entire nation, for innovating, building and protecting the country.
MondayIn the characteristics of the Vietnamese socialist model, the first characteristic, stating the purpose of socialism, should be more fully defined as:independent, peaceful, unified, prosperous country, clean environment, sustainable development, democratic, fair, civilized society, prosperous, free, happy peopleOr to summarize the purpose of socialism:stable country, happy people
Tuesday, edit the second featured content is to add the phrase “is the owner" to become "The people are the masters and the people control" will be clearer, more correct, more complete, and easier to implement.
Wednesday,should edit the third feature: “Has an advanced culture imbued with national identity" wall: "Has a scientific, national and popular culture"Although it seems old, it will be more complete, especially in terms of popularity and people, clarifying the starting point and destination of culture.
Thursday: The issue of "Firmly following the socialist path" should be understood as "Firmly adhere to socialist goals”, because the goal must be maintained, and the path belongs to the category of solutions, which can be flexibly changed to suit each stage of the Vietnamese revolution and the international context.
Friday, can and should carefully study the opinion that it is time for the Party to plan and implementnew innovation path,or the renovation process 2, with a revolutionary, scientific and open-minded spirit./.
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Ngo Dang Tri
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[1] Communist Party of Vietnam. Documents of the 10th National Congress of Delegates. National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2006, pp.67-68.
[2]Communist Party of Vietnam, Documents of the 11th National Congress of Delegates, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2011, p. 70
Author:Assoc.Prof.Dr. Ngo Dang Tri
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