Summary of PhD thesis: Phung Chi Kien

INTRODUCTION

            1. Urgency of the topic

This topic was chosen for the following main reasons:

One is,Among the research topics in the field of political science in Vietnam, the number of direct and in-depth research topics on international political relations is still quite limited. For a relatively long time, the study of international political relations has often been integrated into the study of international relations, leading to unclear boundaries, leaving certain gaps that need to be further clarified.

Second,The period 1945-1955 has been mentioned in many works, but its interpretation from the perspective of international political relations has not received much attention. In fact, in the process of the evolution of the history of international political relations, international political relations in the period 1945-1955 had many notable issues that needed to be analyzed and explained, typically: 1945-1955 was a period containing many complex intertwined lines of relations and continuous cooperation and struggle between participating subjects, it played a role in opening a new world political situation, laying the foundation for the development of the bipolar world order and many major changes in the international arena in the following years; Although the confrontation between the socialist and capitalist blocs was extremely tense, a third world war did not take place, instead the Cold War appeared, escalated and then entered a temporary cooling period; this was a period that witnessed the gradual decline of old-style colonialism with many colonial countries regaining independence after World War II through different paths, in which some countries won the re-invasion of colonial countries (typically the defeat of France in 1954 in the Indochina war);... Many researchers have tried to fully explain the content of international political relations in the period 1945-1955, but until now there are still many conflicting opinions.

Third,Not only having professional significance, the study of international political relations in the period 1945-1955 also has many practical values. Through the interpretation of the basic content of international political relations during this period, we can draw general conclusions, thereby identifying and affirming some common characteristics and experiences in international political relations in general. Those common characteristics and experiences help to perceive the movement of contemporary world politics more objectively and fully, at the same time creating the premise for proposals and recommendations to help perfect national foreign policy.

Four is,Over the past thirty years of renovation, although many achievements have been made, Vietnam's foreign policy still cannot avoid certain limitations. Notably, the period of 1945-1955 witnessed many ups and downs of Vietnam as a participant in a number of major lines in international political relations at that time. Historical reality shows that, because it still has many reference values ​​for Vietnam, the experiences drawn from this period need to be further interpreted, summarized and applied.

For the above reasons, the author decided to choose the topic“International Political Relations (1945-1955)”as the topic of my thesis. This topic is suitable for the major of Political Science because it focuses on analyzing and clarifying major issues in international political relations in the years 1945-1955. Although interdisciplinary knowledge and research methods will be very necessary, this topic demonstrates the consistency of the political approach, focusing on the power relations between the subjects participating in international politics as well as its effects on the change of the world political situation. The scope of content, time and space of the topic are also clearly shown, in accordance with the requirements of a PhD thesis topic.

2. Research purpose and tasks

2.1. Purpose

Clarifying the basic content of international political relations in the period 1945-1955, thereby drawing valuable comments and recommendations for the current period.

2.2. Tasks

- Clarifying some related theoretical issues: the concept of international political relations; characteristics of international political relations; major theories when studying international political relations; subjects and methods of participating in international political relations; factors affecting international political relations; determining the approach to studying international political relations in a specific period of time;...

- Research and analyze the main contents of international political relations in the period 1945-1955.

- Draw general conclusions about international political relations in the period 1945-1955 and some common experiences in international political relations.

- Propose some recommendations to contribute to perfecting Vietnam's foreign policy in the coming time.

3. Research objects and scope

3.1. Research subjects

International political relations in the period 1945-1955

3.2. Scope of research

- Time range:period 1945-1955 (from after World War II to the end of 1955)

- Spatial scope:Comprehensive study of international political relations in the period 1945-1955 both on the international level and focusing on a number of typical and influential countries, regions, and hotspots.

- Scope of content:The basic content of international political relations from after World War II until the temporary cooling of East-West tensions after nearly a decade of intense tension; international political relations before and during World War II will be analyzed and selectively integrated into appropriate content; connections to the current period will be made where necessary, especially in the content of the final chapter.

4. Theoretical basis and research methods

4.1. Theoretical basis

The theoretical basis throughout the entire thesis is Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh thought. At the same time, the interdisciplinary approach to political science is also used to ensure conformity with the requirements of the major and the content of the topic. The topic also combines the use of perspectives from a number of major theories in international relations research such as realism, liberalism, Marxist-Leninist theses on international relations, etc. Along with traditional theories in international relations research, the thesis will also apply valuable theses from a number of other related theories (such as system theory, game theory, etc.) to find a more complete and comprehensive explanation for the research problem.

4.2. Research methods

- Logical-historical method:This method is used to chain, systematize and scientifically and logically arrange historical events and developments within the time scope of the topic, creating a basis from which to explain the content of international political relations in the period 1945-1955.

- Comparison method:This is a method that is widely used in the topic. Specifically, it helps in important tasks such as: comparing the views and actions of the subjects participating in international political relations in the years 1945-1955; comparing and contrasting many of the author's comments with actual developments in world politics, with the content of documents and official statements of the same period, ... thereby verifying their reasonableness and scientific level; ...

- Statistical methods, data processing:This method is applied alternately in some parts of the thesis, helping the author provide necessary data and evidence for the given statement.

In addition, the thesis also uses a number of other complementary methods to solve specific problems during the research process.

5. New contributions of the thesis

- Some theoretical aspects related to the thesis content (concepts and characteristics of international political relations; factors affecting international political relations; some typical theories in the study of international political relations; approaches to studying the content of international political relations in a specific period of time;...) are clarified.

- International political relations in the period 1945-1955 were studied scientifically and systematically based on a political science approach.

- International political relations 1945-1955 are reviewed in general, from which some common experiences and recommendations for Vietnam in the current period are pointed out.

6. Theoretical and practical significance

- Theoretical significance: contributing to the completion of the theoretical basis of international political relations research; interpreting international political relations in the period 1945-1955 from a political science perspective.

- Practical significance: as a reference document for other related topics; providing some comments and recommendations with scientific basis and reference value for Vietnam in the current period.

7. Structure of the thesis

In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion, and References, the Content of the thesis includes 4 chapters:

Chapter 1. Overview of research situation

Chapter 2. Some theoretical issues on international political relations

Chapter 3. Main content of international political relations in the period 1945-1955

Chapter 4. Policy comments and recommendations

Chapter 1.

OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION

1.1. Research situation related to the topic

1.1.1. Research related totheory of international political relations

Notable studies related to this issue are: workThe Oxford Handbook of International Political Theoryby Chris Brown, Robyn Eckersley (2018), Oxford University Press, New York; workInternational Relations Theoryedited by Hoang Khac Nam (2017), World Publishing House, Hanoi; workTheory of International Politicsby Kenneth N. Waltz (2010), Waveland Press, Inc., USA; workInternational Relations - Approachesby Doan Van Thang (2003), Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi; workInternational Relationsby Stephen McGlinchey (Series Editor) (2017), E-International Relations Publishing, Bristol, England; workWorld Politics: Trends and Transformationsby Charles W. Kegley, Shannon L. Blanton (2017), Cengage Learning, Boston; workWorld Politics – Interests, Interactions, Institutionsby Jeffry A. Frieden, David A. Lake, Kenneth A. Schultz (2015), WW Norton & Company, New York and London; workInternational Relations Theoryby Paul R. Viotti, Mark V. Kauppi (2003), Labor Publishing House, Hanoi;...

1.1.2. Researchrelating to the content of international political relations in the period 1945-1955

Notable studies related to this issue are: workHistory of international relations from World War II to the Korean War (Period 1939 – 1952)by Pham Giang (2005), National Political Publishing House, Hanoi; bookCold War: An International Historyby K. Fink (2018), Routledge, US.; workHistory of international relationsby Bogaturov Aleksey Demofenovich, Averkov Viktor Viktorovich (2013), National Political Publishing House - Truth, Hanoi; workHistory of modern international relationsby Tran Nam Tien (Editor-in-Chief), Nguyen Tuan Khanh, Tran Phi Tuan (2008), Education Publishing House, Hanoi; workWorld Politics after 1945by Peter Calvocoressi (2007), Labor Publishing House, Hanoi; workThe World Since 1945 – A History of International Relationsby Wayne C. McWilliams, Harry Piotrowski (1993), Lynne Rienner Publishers, USA; workInternational Relations from 1945 to 1995by Hoang Van Hien, Nguyen Viet Thao (1998), National Political Publishing House, Hanoi; workModern World History 1917 – 1995edited by Nguyen Anh Thai (2014), Vietnam Education Publishing House, Hanoi; workTwo isms, one hundred yearsby Tieu Phong (2004), National Political Publishing House, Hanoi;…

1.1.3. Research on the summary of international political relations in the period 1945-1955 and related comments and recommendations

Among the documents (both in Vietnamese and foreign languages) presented in subsections 1.1.1 and 1.1.2, many documents are related to summarizing the characteristics and nature of international political relations in the period 1945-1955 as well as providing valuable comments and recommendations. The author does not present those documents again and will add some other notable documents, notably: the workOn the law and regularity in international relationsby Vu Duong Huan, (2007), Southeast Asian Studies, No. 2 (65), pp. 62-70; workThe Cold War as Historyby Louis Joseph Halle (1967), Harper & Row, Publishers, US; workWar Destinies: Can America and China Escape Thucydides' Trap?by Graham Allison (2019), Hanoi Publishing House, Hanoi; workContemporary world orderTran Huu Tien (2014),Political theory, No. 5, pp. 98-100; worksUS-China Relations: Cooperation and Competition, Interpreted from the Balance of Power Perspectiveby Nguyen Thai Yen Huong (2017), National Political Publishing House, Hanoi;...

1.2. Results of published studies and issues that the thesis needs to focus on

1.2.1. Results of published studies

After synthesizing and referring to published works and documents related to the thesis, the author draws some comments as follows:

The first,Issues such as defining the concept of international political relations, distinguishing international political relations from international relations in general and international relations in other fields, theoretical framework for analyzing international political relations in a specific historical period, classifying and explaining factors affecting international political relations in a complete and scientific manner, etc. have not been mentioned and explained in depth by many works.

Monday, the number of works approaching the study of international relations in general and international relations in each specific period from a new perspective, especially political science, is not much, if any, it does not really show the difference with the traditional perspective. On the other hand, many works tend to identify international relations with international political relations, so their content mainly revolves around political relations instead of mentioning other types of relations.

TuesdayInternational relations in the years 1945-1955 is an issue that has been mentioned in many published works, but no work has directly and in-depth research on it.international political relations period 1945-1955.

1.2.2. The thesis focuses on discussing issues

From the above comments, the thesis will focus on discussing the following issues:

One is, clarifying the general theory of international political relations; building a theoretical framework to interpret international political relations in the period 1945-1955 based on a political science approach.

Two is, interpreting international political relations in the period 1945-1955 based on a political perspective with the key variables being: power and organization, distribution of power; subjects and major lines of relations between dominant subjects; studying international political relations placed in the overall international system of the same period.

Three is, giving summary comments on the characteristics of international political relations in the period 1945-1955.

Four is, draw experiences and make valuable policy recommendations for application in current practice in Vietnam.

Chapter 2.

SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES

ON INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL RELATIONS

 2.1. The concept of “international political relations”

From the author's perspective, in this thesis, it can be generally defined that:international political relations are power relations between subjects participating in international relations. This definition encompasses three distinct characteristics of international political relations: social and power (common characteristics of political relations); international (two distinct characteristics of international political relations). More specifically, international political relations are not identical to international relations because they are specifically defined in the political field, in which “power” is the central element. On the other hand, they also do not overlap with political relations at other levels because internationality is concretized by the state of “anarchy”.

2.2. Basic theory of international political relations

2.2.1. Realism

In summary, up to now, although there are still different opinions, in general, we can draw some main contents of realism as follows:the first,States are the main subjects in international relations, behaving as single, rational elements;second,The international anarchic environment is a powerful influence on the motivation and actions of states;third,power and security are the primary concerns of the state in an anarchic environment;Wednesday,International institutions have only a secondary impact on cooperation.

2.2.2. Liberalism

Basically, the main arguments of liberalism can be summarized as follows:the first,In international relations, besides states, there are also non-state actors;Monday,International relations are influenced by many domestic factors;Tuesday,The state is a rational subject, but differs from the realist view in several key points;Wednesday,National interests are diverse and international relations encompass many different areas rather than just security and power;Thursday,In an anarchic international environment, conflict is not the only state of existence.

2.2.3. Marxism-Leninism

Some important theses of Marxism-Leninism on international relations can be summarized as follows:the first,Class is the main subject in international relations;Monday,International relations began to develop with the development of the capitalist economy;Tuesday,Class interests are the primary national interests in international relations;Wednesday,put forward the view of proletarian internationalism, emphasizing the need for proletarian solidarity in the struggle against capitalism;Thursday,In specific historical periods, there are still common problems between the two groups, socialism and capitalism, that need to be solved together;Friday,The proletariat and national liberation movements need to unite and unite to fight against the common enemy, the international bourgeoisie.

2.3. Subjects and methods of participation in international political relations

2.3.1. Subjects participating in international political relations

2.3.1.1. National subjects

The state has been, is and continues to be the most important subject in international relations in general and international political relations in particular for the following reasons:the first, the nation is the most sovereign and enduring entity;Monday, the country's purpose of participating in international relations is clearly defined and has strong motivations;Tuesday, the nation is the subject with the greatest ability to influence and impact international relations in all aspects.

2.3.1.2. Non-state entities

Notable non-state actors areinternational organization(International organization) andmultinational corporation(Transnational corporation). Besides the above typical entities, there are also a number of other notable entities participating and playing roles at different levels in world politics.

2.3.2. Methods of participating in international political relations

2.3.2.1. Conflict

About the methodconflict, it can be affirmed that this is a traditional method that has long been used in international political relations with a solid theoretical foundation of different schools of realism and to some extent Marxism.

2.3.2.2. Cooperation

Unlike conflict, methodcooperateused on the theoretical basis is liberalism. Contrary to pessimism about human nature, liberalism believes in the ability to cooperate to achieve common goals and solve common problems among subjects in international relations.

2.4. Basic factors affecting international political relations

It can be affirmed that any issue in international political relations is simultaneously affected by many factors at different levels. However, some basic factors have the ability to directly and more deeply affect international political relations in comparison with other factors. In this part, considering the context of the period 1945-1955, the author focuses on clarifying two very important factors:national interestandworld order.

2.5. Basis for determining the content of international political relations in the period 1945-1955

The author presents the main arguments that help shape the basis for determining the content of international political relations in the period 1945-1955 as follows:the first,The thesis does not depend entirely on any of the theories mentioned above, but will try to select the appropriate points of each theory to solve the specific tasks relatively fully, in which priority is given torealismandMarxism-Leninism;Monday, based on the definition that international political relations are power relations between subjects participating in international relations, the thesis determines,relations in the acquisition, retention and exercise of powerbetween subjects of international relations is the basic content of international political relations in general and international political relations in the period 1945-1955 in particular;Tuesday,The thesis will systematize the basic contents of international political relations in the period 1945-1955 according to the main lines of relations that are capable of influencing the general development of world politics. With the above explanations, the type of subjects that the thesis focuses on studying are nation-states, existing in the period 1945-1955 according to the following main groups:capitalist countries; socialist countries; colonial countries.

Chapter 3.

MAIN CONTENT OF

INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL RELATIONS IN THE PERIOD 1945-1955

3.1. Relationship in the capitalist bloc

3.1.1. The balance of power relations changes

The first notable highlight in the political relations between capitalist countries in the post-war period was the emergence of the United States as the leading country in the capitalist world. The United States unilaterally or jointly implemented a series of major economic, political and military policies with other major capitalist countries. This demonstrated that, in order to fulfill its leadership role in the capitalist bloc and rise to the position of the number one superpower, the United States accepted not to return to traditional isolationism.

3.1.2. The new relationship framework emerges

Political relations in the capitalist world developed based on a new framework of relations - the capitalist bloc. The emergence of the capitalist bloc led by the US made political relations between capitalist countries more binding from then on, and the effectiveness of the relations was also significantly improved. This framework of relations included relatively clearly defined participating members, with the highest goal (whether declared or not) being to compete with the socialist bloc in the Cold War.

3.1.3. Development relations under the new framework

3.1.3.1. On supporting the process of establishing and building pro-Western countries

First of all, solving the problem in Germany is probably the biggest concern of the capitalist bloc. Also in continental Europe, two other hot spots that the West is paying close attention to are Greece and Türkiye. In another strategic region, the Middle East, the leading countries of the capitalist bloc are also trying to establish a solid foundation of power, clearly demonstrated through their involvement in the internal situation in Iran and support for the establishment of the Jewish State of Israel. Due to the limited potential of Western European countries, the US has proactively and increasingly deeply involved in the political and security situation in many other countries and regions (Australia, New Zealand, Philippines, Japan, etc.). On the other hand, the US also supports colonial countries in maintaining colonial regimes with economic and military aid to maintain pro-capitalist regimes, a typical case is Indochina. However, the efforts to consolidate and expand the influence of capitalist countries are not without obstacles.

3.1.3.2. On establishing new cooperation mechanisms to strengthen the power of the capitalist bloc

In general, the most notable effort during this period was the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). In Western Europe, after the terrible consequences of two world wars, countries in this region clearly understood the importance of coming closer together to prevent the risk of war recurring. The functional approach was prioritized, focusing primarily on regional economic integration. In parallel with developments in Europe, the United States also sought to consolidate its influence and capitalist ideology in the Latin American region. Since the beginning of 1950, the security situation in East Asia and Southeast Asia has had many complicated developments, requiring deeper US involvement. The White House has also promoted the establishment of bilateral alliances and the building of new military alliances in this region. However, these alliances have not been as effective as expected.

3.1.3.3. On weakening the influence of the Soviet Union and communism within the capitalist bloc

Along with actions aimed at strengthening the capitalist bloc, directly or indirectly competing with the socialist bloc on different fronts, capitalist countries also tried to weaken the role and influence of individuals, organizations and movements that tended to support the Soviet Union and communism within their own countries. They both propagated anti-communist ideology widely in the capitalist world and used political plans to intervene in the actual situation if necessary.

3.2. Relations within the socialist bloc

3.2.1. Building a new relationship framework

Unlike the capitalist world, from the beginning, the country with the greatest position among the socialist countries was the Soviet Union. Therefore, the establishment of the socialist bloc did not take place on the premise of changing the balance of power as in the case of the capitalist bloc. While in the capitalist world, Britain and a number of other powers still had a significant voice alongside the leading country, the United States, in the socialist bloc, there was little sharing of roles in leading the establishment of the bloc when the Soviet Union had enough power and strength to undertake and carry out almost all of the main responsibilities throughout the process. At the same time, the socialist countries took important steps in political relations. The first step was to sign bilateral treaties to establish and strengthen relations. The next step was to establish international organizations within the bloc to support the development of each country as well as the international communist and workers' movements in the new situation. In this area of ​​relations, the birth of the Communist Information Agency (Cominform) and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (SEV or Comecon) were the most important highlights.

3.2.2. Development relations under the new framework

After the new political framework was established, the socialist bloc prioritized expanding its scale by increasing its membership, notably the participation of the People's Republic of China, the German Democratic Republic (or East Germany), and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. In addition to the addition of new members as above, political relations within the socialist bloc also continued to aim at perfecting the intra-bloc cooperation mechanism with the establishment ofWarsaw Pact OrganizationAnother important area of ​​political relations of the socialist bloc is the efforts to support and aid the struggle against imperialism and colonialism of colonial peoples and revolutionary, peace-loving forces in the world.

3.3. Relations between the socialist bloc and the capitalist bloc

3.3.1. Political relations at the system level

The establishment of a new world order based on two poles of power, the Soviet Union and the United States, was the first notable manifestation of the political relationship between the two blocs of socialism and capitalism in the post-war period. The outbreak of the Cold War was the next major highlight in the international political relationship between the two blocs of socialism and capitalism at the systemic level. Solving the issues related to nuclear weapons was another highlight in the political relationship at this level.

3.3.2. Political relations at specific hot spots

On the hot spots of Greece, Türkiye, IranThese were political hot spots that clearly demonstrated the growing conflict between the Soviet Union and the West in the early post-World War II period, directly contributing to the Cold War.About the German hotspot,The confrontation over Berlin caused the first Berlin crisis, marking Germany's official emergence as the first flashpoint after the outbreak of the Cold War.About China hotspotFirst of all, the outcome of the Chinese Civil War was a direct catalyst for the rise of anti-communism in American politics in the early 1950s. For international political relations in general, the birth of the new China also paved the way for the return and continued growth of a powerful pole of power in the world order.About the Korean Peninsula Hot Spot, continuing the expansion of tensions between the two blocs from West to East, the Korean peninsula became a new conflict area culminating in the Korean War.

3.4. Relations between colonies and imperialist, colonialist and socialist countries

3.4.1. Relations in the issue of national liberation

The role of many capitalist powers in this relationship became clear from the period of 1945-1946 with the ambition to reoccupy the former colonies after the end of World War II. However, despite their best efforts, the imperialist countries could not avoid the fact that their weakened power after the war and the strong wave of struggle in the former colonies made maintaining a strong colonial government in the traditional way gradually impossible. However, in the colonies with strategic locations, greatly influencing the East-West competition, the development of the struggle against colonialism and imperialism continued to take place with many difficulties and complications. The above developments are clearly shown in the case of the Indochina peninsula. The developments related to the choice of solution to end the first Indochina war through the Geneva Conference in 1954 also reflected some major highlights in international political relations at the end of the 1945-1955 period.

3.4.2. Relations in the issue of foreign policy choices

Gaining independence is difficult, building relations with the world in general and with the countries that once colonized one's country in particular is even more difficult. In summary, there are three main trends in the foreign policies of post-colonial countries: directly participating or having close relations with the socialist bloc (a typical case is the Philippines); directly participating or having close relations with the capitalist bloc (a typical case is the Democratic Republic of Vietnam); trying to maintain a neutral position, not participating in any bloc (a typical case is India, the Non-Aligned Movement).

Chapter 4.

POLICY COMMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1. Some comments on international political relations in the period 1945-1955

4.1.1. Basic characteristics

The first, the dominant role of state actors over non-state actors.Monday, there are deep hierarchical relationships between nations, in which power and role in international political relations are concentrated mainly in the great powers, especially the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union.Tuesday, the subjects participating in international political relations mainly use the method of conflict; the method of cooperation is used but is not dominant.Wednesday, the role of some individuals becomes very prominent but still does not determine the overall content of international political relations.ThursdayIdeology is a very important factor but cannot completely dominate national interests.FridayThe emergence of a bipolar system with a corresponding order of power was a factor that greatly affected international political relations from 1945 to 1955 in general.

4.1.2. Some common experiences

The first, on the subjects of international political relations: superpowers (if any) and key powers have the ability to greatly influence international political relations.Monday, on the method of participating in international political relations: conflict exists as the main method for subjects to participate in international political relations.Tuesday, on the national interest factor: national interest is always the highest goal of countries when participating in international political relations.Wednesday, on world order: international political relations tend to change according to the fluctuations of the order of power in the international system.

4.2. Some policy recommendations

First recommendation, it is necessary to assess relatively accurately and specifically the overall national strength and position in the contemporary world power order of Vietnam.Second recommendation, need to take advantage of the opportunities opening up in the context of the changing world power order to elevate the country's position.Third recommendation, there needs to be specific countermeasures for Vietnam in the face of China's strong rise, even its potential to become a superpower.

CONCLUDE

Although the historical period 1945-1955 has been studied from many different aspects, international political relations during this period are still an issue that needs to be further discussed in depth. The reason is that the content of international political relations 1945-1955 is not only attractive to experts, but also has many practical values ​​for the current period, especially in understanding contemporary world politics in order to formulate appropriate foreign policies for Vietnam.

For that reason, in this thesis, the author focused on implementing a number of specific research tasks with the following basic results:

The first,The thesis has synthesized and evaluated outstanding research results, thereby finding gaps that the topic can exploit, specifically: although the number of domestic and foreign research works directly and indirectly related to the theory of international relations is very rich, the theory of international political relations has not been mentioned and given due attention; the history of international relations in general and international relations in each specific period have been studied in many works, but the number of works approaching these issues from a new perspective, especially political science, is not much or if there are, they do not clearly show the difference with the traditional perspective; international relations in the period 1945-1955 is an issue that has been mentioned in many works, butinternational political relations in the years 1945-1955is a new topic, no work has directly researched it.

Monday,The thesis has built a scientific theoretical framework for the analysis of international political relations in the period 1945-1955. Accordingly, the author has: defined and determined the connotation of basic concepts such as political relations, international relations, international political relations, etc.; researched major theories, focusing on clarifying a number of theories that are closely related to the research subject of the thesis; pointed out the main subjects and methods of participating in international political relations; identified the main factors affecting international political relations; clarified the basis for determining the content of the main research problem in the thesis.

Tuesday,The author analyzed the main content of international political relations from 1945 to 1955 based on the main lines of relations that had the ability to influence the overall world politics during that period. In this direction, the thesis studied the content of international political relations from 1945 to 1955 based on the main lines of relations: relations within the capitalist bloc; relations within the socialist bloc; relations between the capitalist bloc and the socialist bloc; relations between colonial countries and imperialist, colonialist and socialist countries. In each line of relations, some subjects will show a more notable role than the rest, even in some cases being able to make decisions that other subjects must follow. Examining each line of relationship, the thesis closely follows the movement of power relations between related subjects, from which it generalizes a number of major issues and arranges them in a certain order, depending on the specific characteristics of each line.

Wednesday,The thesis used the theoretical framework and the research results to make a general assessment of international political relations from 1945 to 1955, thereby affirming some common experiences in international political relations. The author understands that affirming exactly what is a law of international political relations is a problem that is not easy to find a solution to due to the complexity and constant changes of world political life. On the other hand, trying to draw a general rule for international political relations from studying only a certain historical period, such as the years 1945 to 1955, can lead to misunderstanding and misjudgment. Therefore, combining the study of the development of international political relations from the beginning to the present, the thesis has summarized some (but not all) common experiences of international political relations, classified them according to the theoretical framework of the thesis, and used the obtained results to affirm their persuasiveness.

Thursday,The thesis has proposed a number of suggestive policy recommendations for the research, planning and implementation of Vietnam's foreign policy. These recommendations are related to clearly identifying Vietnam's strength and position in the international arena, taking advantage of opportunities to help Vietnam achieve new steps in the development process, and having an appropriate policy to help Vietnam prepare for the rise of China. The author has used research results on international political relations in the period 1945-1955 as well as practical, updated data as the basis for those recommendations.

Despite all efforts, due to the novelty and complexity of the problem, the research results of the thesis are difficult to avoid shortcomings. However, the author still hopes that this thesis will make a positive contribution to the field of international political relations research as well as the planning and implementation of Vietnam's foreign policy, aiming to enhance the country's position and power in the international arena in the coming time.

LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF

AUTHORS RELATED TO THE THESIS

1. Tran Tho Quang, Phung Chi Kien (2020), "Discussion on the concept of international political relations",Africa & Middle East Studies01(173, January 2020), pp. 19-27.
2. Phung Chi Kien (2020), “Relations between great powers affect Vietnam's seizure of power in August 1945”,Education Theory306 (April 2020), pp. 50-55.