Information on the thesis "Architectural Materials of the Dinh - Early Le Dynasties in the Central Area of Hoa Lu Ancient Capital Relic Site" by graduate student Nguyen Cao Tan, majoring in Archaeology.1. Student's Full Name: Nguyen Cao Tan 2. Gender: Male 3. Date of Birth: February 2, 1975 4. Place of Birth: Truong Yen Commune, Hoa Lu District, Ninh Binh Province 5. Decision No. 1355/2008/QD-XHNV-KH&SDH dated October 24, 2008, issued by the Rector of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 6. Changes during the training process: None 7. Thesis Title: Architectural Materials of the Dinh - Pre-Le Dynasty in the Central Area of Hoa Lu Ancient Capital Relic Site 8. Specialization: Archaeology; Code: 60 22 60 9. Scientific Advisor: Dr. Vu Quoc Hien, Deputy Director of the National History Museum 10. Summary of thesis results: The thesis systematically identifies the types of architectural materials involved in the construction of architecture in the Hoa Lu capital in the 10th century, including bricks, tiles, terracotta, stone, and wood. Bricks are the most numerous type of artifact, used in many architectural positions from the foundation of the citadel, city walls, architectural perimeter walls, paving floors, or paving courtyard steps. In terms of type, the most common are rectangular bricks for wall construction with the inscription "Dai Viet Quoc Quan Thanh Chuyen" or without inscription, and square paving bricks decorated with lotus and phoenix motifs. Tiles come in two types: tubular tiles and flat tiles, with tubular tiles used for eaves, featuring beautiful and delicate lotus petal motifs at the ends. The widespread presence of brick and tile materials, along with some earthenware, wooden, and stone artifacts found in architectural relics discovered through excavations and archaeological investigations, indicates that ancient Hoa Lu had large-scale and imposing architectural structures. Research on architectural materials in Hoa Lu notes that construction techniques in the 10th century differed significantly from earlier periods. While adopting new architectural techniques from China, the Vietnamese also adapted them into their own unique styles. Although the architectural and decorative styles shared commonalities with neighboring countries like China, Korea, and Japan, they strongly reflected the unique cultural and artistic imprint of the Vietnamese people. In short, studying the architectural materials of the ancient capital of Hoa Lu in the 10th century reveals the Vietnamese people's advancement in mastering the production techniques of architectural materials and grasping the art of architecture. It was a process of both maintaining and developing traditional architecture, while simultaneously absorbing new technical innovations and integrating them into the traditional Vietnamese architecture, thereby creating a unique Vietnamese architectural style in the 10th century. This reaffirms the 10th-century dating of the Hoa Lu capital, affirming Vietnam's independence and self-reliance, and establishing it as the foundation for the Dai Viet civilization during the Ly-Tran dynasties. 11. Practical applications: Reconstruction of the 10th-century Hoa Lu capital in the future. 12. Further research directions: The material prerequisites for the Hoa Lu capital. 13. Published works related to the thesis: (list works in chronological order if available) Nguyen Cao Tan (2011), Buddhism during the Dinh - Pre-Le period in Ninh Binh, Buddhism during the Dinh - Pre-Le period in the nation-building and nation-defense process, p. 250. Ryan Rabett, Christopher Stimpson, Nguyen Van Son, Nguyen Cao Tan, Do Van Cuong, Ngo Thi Huy, Nguyen Van Thai and Do Thi Tuyen (2009), Archaeological survey in the Trang An eco-resort, Ninh Binh, north Vietnam: A brief report. Archaeological heritage of Malaysia journal, Vol. 2/April 2009, Chapter 8, pp. 117-127. Nguyen Van Lu, Hoang Thanh Quy, Nguyen Cao Tan (2001), Two strange artifacts on the Hoang Long River (Ninh Binh). NPHMVKCH 2001, Social Sciences Publishing House, p. 726. Nguyen Cao Tan, Hoang Thanh Quy (2010), Discovery of architectural traces of the Tran Dynasty at Hanh Cung Pagoda (Ninh Binh). NPHMVKCH, Social Sciences Publishing House, pp. 320-321.
INFORMATION ON MASTER'S THESIS
1. Full name: Nguyen Cao Tan 2. Sex: Male 3. Date of birth: February 2, 1975 4. Place of birth: Truong Yen Commune, Hoa Lu district, Ninh Binh province 5. Admission decision number: 1355/2008/QD-XHNV-KH&SĐ dated: October 24, 2008. 6. Changes in academic process: None 7. Official thesis title: Building Material of Dinh and Early Le Dynasty in the center of Hoa Lu Ancient Capital relic. 8. Major: Archeology Code: 60 22 60 9. Supervisor: Dr. Vu Quoc Hien, Deputy Director of National Museum of History. 11. Summary of the findings of the thesis: The Thesis sytemizes the types of building material being used for construction in Hoa Lu Ancient Citedal in the 10th Century consisting of brick, tile, terra cotta, stone and wood. Brick is the artifacts with the largest quantity, being used for many places of architecture from the bottom of the cited wall, walls, the surrounding wall of building, floor or tiling of building. The most popular type is the square brick used for constructing wall which contains the old character “Special used for Great Viet's Millitary Citedal” or without character and the floor tile decorated with lotus flowers, phoenix There are two types of roof tile including Tube-tile and flat tile. The tube tile was used for covering the roof with the beautiful and subtle decoration of lotus petal. The popular presence of material type of brick, tile together with several terra cotta, wood and stone in the architectural relics which have been found in the excavations, investigation shows that the old Hoa Lu used to have large scale architectural buildings. The research of building material in Hoa Lu discovers that technique of construction in Hoa Lu in the 10th century has a certain difference in comparision with the previous period. The Viet people, besides learning the new building techniques from China, then turnt them into their own techniques. Therefore, the architectural styles and decorations though have similar methods as its neighboring contries such as China, Korea, Japan, but those styles have a deep imprint of Vietnames culture and fine art or Viet culture. In brief, the research of building material of Hoa Lu Ancient capital in the 10th century can show that the rise of being the master of production technique of building material and development of Vietnamese architectural art. That is both a process of maintaining and developing old traditional achitecture, and acquiring the new technique quitessance and dissolving it in the old Vietnamese traditional architecture. As the result, a typical architectural style of Vietnam in the 10th century had been created. The age of Hoa Lu Ancient capital in the 10th century has been again confirmed for its independence, self control of Vietnamese people and foundation for Great Viet's Civilization under the Li – Tran Dynasties. 12. Practical applicability, if any: Restoring the Hoa Lu Ancient Citadel in the 10th century in the future. 13. Further research directions, if any: Phisical Premise of development of Hoa Lu Citadel. 14. Thesis-related publications: Nguyễn Cao Tấn (2011), Buddhism under Dinh and Early Dynasties in Ninh Binh, Buddhism under Dinh and Early Dynasties in the construction and protection of the country, page 250. Ryan Rabett, Christopher Stimpson, Nguyễn Văn Son, Nguyễn Cao Tấn, Đỗ Văn Cường, Ngô Thi Huy, Nguyễn Văn Thái and Đỗ Thị Tuyển (2009), Archaeological survey in the Tràng An eco-resort, Ninh Bình, north Vietnam: A brief report. Archaeological heritage of Malaysia journal, Vol. 2/April 2009, Chapter 8, pp. 117-127. Nguyễn Văn Lữ, Hoàng Thanh Quý, Nguyễn Cao Tấn (2001), Two strange artifacts by Hoang Long river (Ninh Bình). NPHMVKCH 2001, Social Sciences Publishing House, p. 726. Nguyễn Cao Tấn, Hoàng Thanh Quý (2010), Finding of evidence of Tran Dynasty's Architecture in Hanh Cung pagoda (Ninh Bình). NPHMVKCH, Social Sciences Publishing House, pp. 320-321.
