MASTER'S THESIS INFORMATION
1. Student's full name: Truong Thi Hai: 2. Gender: Female
3. Date of birth: February 3, 1988.
4. Place of birth: Tan Tien Commune, Bac Giang City, Bac Giang Province.
5. Decision on recognition of student No. 1883/QD/XHNV-KHSĐH dated: October 21, 2010 of the President of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi.
6. Changes in training process: no.
7. Thesis topic: Studying the country's renovation in the second half of the 19th century.
8. Major: Vietnamese History; Code: 602254
9. Scientific advisor: Associate Professor, Dr. Pham Xanh.
10. Summary of thesis results:
During the process of doing the thesis, the student has initially clarified the following contents:
Vietnamese society in the second half of the 19th century was a period of great turmoil. Internally, the conservatism and backwardness in the ruling policies of the Nguyen Dynasty caused the country to fall into a serious crisis. The attitude of hesitation led to cowardice and weakness, going against the national interests, causing Vietnam to gradually lose its sovereignty to Western capitalism. The deep and wide crisis in many aspects of the Nguyen Dynasty brought the country to the brink of the abyss. In that chaotic context, two "national salvation streams" appeared in Vietnamese society: the resistance stream and the reform stream.
If the "resistance movement" only really developed after the Patenotre Accords (1884), with two representatives Ton That Thuyet and Nguyen Van Tuong, the "reform movement" had appeared before the French colonialists fired their shots of invasion, and had grown and become a trend. In the increasingly fierce confrontation between the two agricultural and industrial civilizations, the country's economy increasingly revealed its weaknesses and shortcomings in many aspects. The country's reform movement appeared as a sudden, unique phenomenon; it mobilized reforms in many aspects. Internally, it innovated in all aspects: economy, culture, education, military... and externally, it was a strategy to deal with the French colonialists: war, peace and appeal for internal and external resources.
It can be seen that the change in thinking and actions of Vietnamese scholars had been "stirring" since the beginning of the 19th century with proposals to revive the country through Nguyen Cong Tru's recruitment of people and the reclamation of the two districts of Kim Son (Ninh Binh) and Tien Hai (Thai Binh). However, these proposals and actions only took place sporadically and separately. It was not until the second half of the 19th century, when the French colonialists opened fire to invade Vietnam, the risk of losing the country was present; the country fell into a comprehensive crisis... that proposals for reform "massively" appeared.
The number of representatives of the reform movement was quite large, including some big names such as Pham Phu Thu, Dang Huy Tru, Nguyen Truong To, Bui Vien, Nguyen Lo Trach... In addition, there were other reformers such as Tran Dinh Tuc, Nguyen Thong, Dinh Van Dien... proposing reforms in many aspects: economy, culture - society, education, military, politics, diplomacy... Their proposals for reforming the country became urgent demands of the times.
Although there were more or less reformist ideas and support for reform, most of the petitions and recommendations were rejected by the head of the Hue court.
There are many explanations for the failure of the national reform movement in the second half of the 19th century, but this failure can be seen as stemming from paradoxes of the times:between the progressive scholar class and the conservative, backward Nguyen dynasty mandarins; between war and peace; between tradition and anti-tradition; between religion and morality; between reality and illusion.
Although they failed, the proposals for reform at the end of the 19th century had a great resonance, more or less directly attacking the conservative ideology of the Nguyen Dynasty, demonstrating the new level of awareness of the Vietnamese people. Just counting from the time Pham Phu Thu submitted a petition criticizing Tu Duc for his laxity in the administration of the court (1850 - 3 years after Tu Duc ascended the throne), to the time Nguyen Lo Trach submitted the article "Thien ha dai the luan" (in 1892, during the reign of King Thanh Thai), Vietnamese society witnessed a "stream of reform" with hundreds of opinions and proposals for reform, directly attacking the backwardness and out of sync of the Hue court. Although there are still many skeptical views about the "unrealistic" content of the reform proposals (especially those of Nguyen Truong To and Nguyen Lo Trach), the reality cannot be denied: the proposal for reform is synonymous with the desire to outline a new direction for the country, and the purpose of the reformers is nothing other than to search for and show the way to save the country.
11. Practical applicability: no
12. Further research directions: none
13. Published works related to the thesis: none
INFORMATION ON MASTER'S THESIS
1. Full name: Truong Thi Hai
2. Sex: Female
3. Date of birth: 03/02/1988
4. Place of birth: Bac Giang city, Bac Giang province.
5. Admission decision number: No 1883/QD/XHNV-KHSDH Dated: October 21, 2010, the principal of University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi National University.
6. Changes in academic process: No changes
(List the forms of change and corresponding times)
7. Official thesis title: In search of the country reform tendency during the late nineteenth century.
8. Major: Vietnam history
9. Code: 602254
10. Supervisors: associate professor- doctoral Pham Xanh, University of Social sciences and Humanities.
11. Summary of the findings of the thesis:
At the end of the 19th century, Vietnamese society changed in many espects. In the interior, the administration policy of Nguyen dynasty leads this society in a serious crisis. Vietnam was dominated by Western capitalism due to the attitude of Nguyen dynasty. In this context, there were two movements: resistance and reform.
If the resistance developed after Pattenot agreement in 1884, the reform had appeared before French colonialism invasion to Vietnam which was much more developed than ever. The Vietnamese economy was more and more weak on all aspects. On the circumstances, the reform carried on in many fields such as economy, politics, culture, education, army...In the foreign policy, Nguyen dynasty gave many solutions agaist to French colonialism.
It is clear that, the reform happened with some cases like: Nguyen Cong Tru extended land of Kim Son district, Ninh Binh and Tien Hai district, Thai Binh… in the first half 19thcentury. However, their appearance did not focus and gave not good results.
In the late 19thcentury, French colonialism invaded Vietnamese and nation suffered by serious crisis all aspects. So, the country reform began to appear. For example, Pham Phu Thu, Nguyen Truong To, Bui Vien…and others like: Tran Dinh Tuc, Nguyen Thong, Dinh Van Dien….These people gave many national innovations: economic, political, cultured, educational, military…which were responded to basic needs of socialty. Nevertheless, most of innovations were denied by Nguyen kings.
There were many reasons why these failures of country reform tend during the late nineteenth century such as: conflict between official and intellectual, conflict between war and peace, conflict between traditional and untraditional, conflict between catholics and non-catholics.
Even though these reforms were failed, it affected the thinking of Nguyen dynasty.
12. Practical applicability, if any: No changes
13. Further research directions, if any: No changes
14. Thesis-related publications: No changes
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