Thesis information "Male homosexual prostitutes and social risks: Risk behaviors, HIV status and sexually transmitted diseases (A study in Hanoi)" by HVCH Trinh Thi Thu Ha, major in Sociology.1. Full name of student: Trinh Thi Thu Ha 2. Gender: Female 3. Date of birth: November 10, 1984 4. Place of birth: Yen Truong, Yen Dinh, Thanh Hoa 5. Decision to recognize student No.: 2551/2007QD-XHNV-KH&SDH, November 2, 2007 by the President of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 6. Changes in the training process: None 7. Thesis topic: Homosexual male prostitutes and social risks: Risk behaviors, HIV status and sexually transmitted diseases (Research in Hanoi) 8. Major: Sociology. Code: 60 31 30 9. Scientific supervisor: Associate Professor, Dr. Le Thi Quy Director of the Center for Gender and Development Studies, University of Social Sciences and Humanities. 10. Summary of the results of the thesis: The aim of the study is to describe the risks that male prostitutes face in life, specifically the risks of diseases such as sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS; risks of unsafe sexual practices; problems with drug use, addictive substances such as alcohol. The group of male prostitutes participating in the study is young, not highly educated and mainly from other provinces who come to Hanoi to live and work. Most of them are men with heterosexual tendencies and for the purpose of earning money to support their lives, they participate in the path of male homosexual prostitution. Most of them are also unmarried, however, their sexual history begins quite early with a variety of partners of different genders and ages. Male prostitutes often enter the profession due to involuntary factors, surprise and in forced circumstances where it is difficult to refuse. Or it is because of lack of money, having to sleep on park benches, not having a job, or being so hungry that they have to accept homosexual sex to have a meal, a temporary place to sleep overnight or a job with income. It is the lack of initiative of male prostitutes in their relationships with customers that makes them easily forced to have anal sex or unsafe sexual behaviors such as not using condoms or not using lubricants. The rate of male prostitutes using alcohol and drugs is quite high; that has a significant impact on their lives. In particular, alcohol and drugs make the pressure of money for them more urgent than ever; at the same time, alcohol and drugs also cause temporary or long-term psychosis, causing them to fall into risky behaviors such as fighting, uncontrolled sex or accidents. Because of the diverse and unsafe sex life, combined with the use of alcohol and drugs, male prostitutes have a high rate of sexually transmitted diseases. These diseases are often detected late or not treated thoroughly, so they can leave long-term consequences in the lives of male prostitutes. 11. Practical applicability: Research on the risks that male prostitutes may encounter in life will contribute to the development of effective intervention and harm reduction programs for this group; preventing the spread of diseases in the male prostitute community, homosexuals and society as a whole. 12. Further research directions: Research on group factors, group culture in the selection and practice of sexual behaviors and drug use in the male prostitute group. 13. Published works related to the thesis: None
INFORMATION ON MASTER'S THESIS
1. Student's Full Name: Trinh Thi Thu Ha 2. Gender: Female 3. Date of Birth: November 10, 1984 4. Birthplace: Yen Truong Commune, Yen Dinh District, Thanh Hoa Province 5. Student recognization decision No. 2551/2007QD-XHNV-KH&SDH, dated November 2, 2007 of the Rector of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi National University. 6. The changes in the training process: None 7. Title of thesis: Homosexual and social risks: The risk behaviors, HIV status and other diseases transmitted through sexual contact (Research in Hanoi) 8. Major: Sociology. Code: 60 31 30 9. Supervisors: Prof.Dr Le Thi Quy Director of Gender and Development Research Center, University of Social Sciences and Humanities. 10. Summary of the findings of the thesis: The objective of the study to describe the risks among male sex workers face in life, namely the risks of illnesses such as sexually transmitted infections and HIV / AIDS; risk to the practice of unsafe sex; problem of drug use, drugs like alcohol. Men who sell sex in the study group were young, not highly educated and largely came from other provinces to Hanoi to work. Most of them are men who have sexual allure and for the purpose of earning money to provide for life, therefore they engage in the way of prostitution with men. They are also mostly unmarried, but the history of their sexual relations starts quite early with diverse sexuality and gender at different ages. Male sex workers in occupations caused by not active factors, was unexpected and required in the circumstances that usually hardly refuse. Or is it because there is no money, had to sleep in a park bench, no job, or hungry enough to accept sex with men for meals, sleeping place through the night or get a temporary income work. Not active of selling sex men in their relationships with customers makes them vulnerable to forced anal sex and unsafe sex behaviors such as not using condoms, not using lubricant. Rates of male prostitutes use alcohol, drugs are quite high that a large effect to their lives. Particularly drugs and alcohol make money pressure become more urgent than ever; At the same time, drugs and alcohol also exacerbate temporary or permanent psychotic that makes them fall into the risk behavior such as fighting, having sex without control or an accident. Cause of varied and unsafe sexual life, plus the act of using alcohol and drugs, male prostitutes may get diseases transmitted through sexual is high. These diseases are usually detected late or not treated thoroughly should be able to leave a long-term outcomes in the lives of male prostitutes. 11. Practical applicability, if any: Research on risk male prostitutes may face in life will contribute to the making of intervention programs, effective harm reduction with this group, prevent spread of disease in male sex workers community, homosexual people and the whole society. 12. Further research directions, if any: Study of group factors, cultural groups in selections and practices of sexual behavior and drug use among male prostitutes. 13. Published works related to the thesis: None
