Information on the thesis "Male Homosexual Prostitution Groups and Social Risks: Risky Behaviors, HIV Status and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (A Study in Hanoi)" by graduate student Trinh Thi Thu Ha, majoring in Sociology.1. Student's Full Name: Trinh Thi Thu Ha 2. Gender: Female 3. Date of Birth: November 10, 1984 4. Place of Birth: Yen Truong, Yen Dinh, Thanh Hoa 5. Decision No. 2551/2007QD-XHNV-KH&SDH, dated November 2, 2007, by the Rector of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 6. Changes during the training process: None 7. Thesis Title: Homosexual Male Prostitution and Social Risks: Risky Behaviors, HIV Status and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (A Study in Hanoi) 8. Major: Sociology. Code: 60 31 30 9. Scientific Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Thi Quy, Director of the Center for Gender and Development Studies, University of Social Sciences and Humanities. 10. Summary of thesis results: The research aims to describe the risks faced by male sex workers in their lives, specifically risks related to diseases such as sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS; risks associated with unsafe sexual practices; and the use of drugs and addictive substances such as alcohol. The male sex workers participating in the study were young, with low levels of education, and mainly came from other provinces to live and work in Hanoi. Most of them were heterosexual men who engaged in same-sex prostitution to earn money to support themselves. Most of them were unmarried, but their sexual history began quite early with diverse partners of different genders and ages. Male sex workers often enter the profession unintentionally, unexpectedly, and under circumstances where they find it difficult to refuse. Or it could be due to lack of money, sleeping on park benches, unemployment, or hunger that forces them to accept same-sex sex for food, temporary shelter, or a source of income. The lack of initiative on the part of male sex workers in their relationships with clients makes them vulnerable to coercion into anal sex or unsafe sexual practices such as not using condoms or lubricants. The rate of alcohol and drug use among male sex workers is quite high; this significantly impacts their lives. Alcohol and drugs, in particular, exacerbate financial pressure; they also cause temporary or long-term psychosis, leading them to engage in risky behaviors such as fighting, uncontrolled sexual activity, or accidents. Because of their diverse and unsafe sexual lives, coupled with alcohol and drug use, male sex workers have a high rate of sexually transmitted infections. These diseases are often detected late or treated inadequately, potentially leaving long-lasting consequences in the lives of male sex workers. 11. Practical applications: Research on the risks male sex workers may face in their lives will contribute to the development of effective intervention and harm reduction programs for this group; preventing the spread of diseases within the male sex worker community, the gay community, and society as a whole. 12. Future research directions: Research on group factors and group culture in the selection and practice of sexual behaviors and drug use among male sex workers. 13. Published works related to the thesis: None
INFORMATION ON MASTER'S THESIS
1. Student's Full Name: Trinh Thi Thu Ha 2. Gender: Female 3. Date of Birth: November 10, 1984 4. Birthplace: Yen Truong Commune, Yen Dinh District, Thanh Hoa Province 5. Student recognization decision No. 2551/2007QD-XHNV-KH&SDH, dated November 2, 2007 of the Rector of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi National University. 6. The changes in the training process: None 7. Title of thesis: Homosexual and social risks: The risk behaviors, HIV status and other diseases transmitted through sexual contact (Research in Hanoi) 8. Major: Sociology. Code: 60 31 30 9. Supervisors: Prof.Dr Le Thi Quy Director of Gender and Development Research Center, University of Social Sciences and Humanities. 10. Summary of the findings of the thesis: The objective of the study to describe the risks among male sex workers face in life, namely the risks of illnesses such as sexually transmitted infections and HIV / AIDS; risk to the practice of unsafe sex; problem of drug use, drugs like alcohol. Men who sell sex in the study group were young, not highly educated and largely came from other provinces to Hanoi to work. Most of them are men who have sexual allure and for the purpose of earning money to provide for life, therefore they engage in the way of prostitution with men. They are also mostly unmarried, but the history of their sexual relations starts quite early with diverse sexuality and gender at different ages. Male sex workers in occupations caused by not active factors, was unexpected and required in the circumstances that usually hardly refuse. Or is it because there is no money, had to sleep in a park bench, no job, or hungry enough to accept sex with men for meals, sleeping place through the night or get a temporary income work. Not active of selling sex men in their relationships with customers makes them vulnerable to forced anal sex and unsafe sex behaviors such as not using condoms, not using lubricant. Rates of male prostitutes use alcohol, drugs are quite high that a large effect to their lives. Particularly drugs and alcohol make money pressure become more urgent than ever; At the same time, drugs and alcohol also exacerbate temporary or permanent psychotic that makes them fall into the risk behavior such as fighting, having sex without control or an accident. Cause of varied and unsafe sexual life, plus the act of using alcohol and drugs, male prostitutes may get diseases transmitted through sexual is high. These diseases are usually detected late or not treated thoroughly should be able to leave a long-term outcomes in the lives of male prostitutes. 11. Practical applicability, if any: Research on risk male prostitutes may face in life will contribute to the making of intervention programs, effective harm reduction with this group, prevent spread of disease in male sex workers community, homosexual people and the whole society. 12. Further research directions, if any: Study of group factors, cultural groups in selections and practices of sexual behavior and drug use among male prostitutes. 13. Published works related to the thesis: None
