TTLV: Current situation and factors affecting the use of antibiotics in pig farming in Bac Ninh province: Research from an anthropological perspective

1. Student's full name: Mac Thi Cong Ly 2. Gender: Female

3. Date of birth: November 29, 1993

4. Place of birth: Hop Thanh Commune, Thuy Nguyen District, Hai Phong City

5. Student recognition decision No. 1756/QD-XHNV dated June 28, 2018 of the President of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi

6. Changes in training: June 28, 2020 to December 28, 2020

7. Thesis topic: Current status and factors affecting antibiotic use in pig farming in Bac Ninh province: Research from an Anthropological perspective.

8. Major: Anthropology Code: 8310302.01

9. Scientific instructor: Dr. Tran Minh Hang, Institute of Ethnology - Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences

10. Summary of thesis results:

Farmers' knowledge of antibiotics is still limited. Research results show that 82% of people do not know which antibiotics are currently banned. People are also confused about the effects of antibiotics in treatment. Antibiotics are used uncontrolled in disease prevention and treatment. In disease prevention, antibiotics are often mixed periodically in food. In treatment, antibiotics are often injected at doses 0.5-2 times higher, even 3 times higher than recommended by the manufacturer. The overuse of antibiotics in livestock farming leads to high production costs and antibiotic resistance in livestock and humans when using food with high levels of antibiotic residues.

Factors affecting the use of antibiotics in pig farming include: experience of the farmer, local veterinary service system, veterinary drug/animal feed stores, market prices, the role of gender in animal husbandry and communication. In particular, experience of the farmer, quality of veterinary services and advice from veterinary drug stores are factors that greatly affect the decision to use antibiotics. Depending on the scale of farming, these factors will have different levels of influence.

Examining the practice of antibiotic use based on the theory of the rational farmer (Emanuel Popkin) and the emotional farmer (James Scott) shows that pig farmers fully possess both rational and emotional elements in the process of pig production as well as in the issue of antibiotic use.

11. Practical applicability: The study contributes to identifying factors affecting the use of antibiotics in livestock farming. The findings in the thesis serve as a basis for proposing appropriate and meaningful solutions to save livestock farming costs, towards the development of sustainable agriculture, and improving human health.

MASTER THESIS INFORMATION

1. Full name: Mac Thi Cong Ly 2. Sex: Female

3. Date of birth: November 29, 1993 4. Place of birth: Hai Phong city

5. Admission decision number: 1756/QD-XHNV Dated: 28^thJune 2018

6. Changes in academic process: 28^thJune 28, 2020^thDecember 2020

7. Official thesis title: The Situation and Factors Influencing Antimicrobial Use in Pig Farming in Bac Ninh Province: An Anthropological Research

8. Major: Anthropology 9. Code: 8310302.01

10. Supervisors: Tran Minh Hang, PhD, Institute of Anthropology - Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences

11. Summary of the findings of the thesis:

Farmers' knowledge about antibiotics is limited, the research results show that 82% of people do not know antibiotics that are currently. People are still confused about the effect of antimicrobials. Antimicrobials are used uncontrollably in disease prevention and treatment. In disease prevention, antimicrobials are often mixed occasionally in food. In treatment, antibiotics are usually injected with a dose increase of 0.5-2 times, even 3 times, compared to the manufacturer's recommendations. The overuse of antimicrobials in animal husbandry leads to costly production and antimicrobials resistance in livestock and human beings when they use food with high antimicrobial residues.

Factors antimicrobial use in pig farming include farmers' experiences, local veterinary service systems, veterinary drug/feed stores, market prices, gender role in animal husbandry and communication. In particular, farmers' experiences, quality of veterinary services, and consultation of veterinary drug stores are key factors that influence the decision-making to use antimicrobials. Depending on the scale of animal husbandry, these factors will affect to different degrees.

Considering the practice of using antimicrobials on the rational farmer theory of Emanuel Popkin and the moral farmer theory of James Scott shows that the farmers fully carry both rational and moral factors in the pig farming and in the use of antimicrobials.

12. Practical applicability, if any: The study contributes to identify factors affecting the use of antibiotics in livestock. The findings in the thesis serve as the basis for appropriate and meaningful solutions in saving livestock costs, the development of sustainable agriculture and human health improve.