TTLV: The current situation and factors affecting antibiotic use in pig farming in Bac Ninh province: A study from an anthropological perspective.

1. Student's full name: Mac Thi Cong Ly 2. Gender: Female

3. Date of birth: November 29, 1993

4. Place of birth: Hop Thanh Commune, Thuy Nguyen District, Hai Phong City

5. Decision on student admission No. 1756/QD-XHNV dated June 28, 2018, by the Rector of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi.

6. Changes in the training process: June 28, 2020 to December 28, 2020

7. Thesis title: The current situation and factors affecting antibiotic use in pig farming in Bac Ninh province: A study from an anthropological perspective.

8. Major: Anthropology Code: 8310302.01

9. Scientific supervisor: Dr. Tran Minh Hang, Institute of Ethnology - Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences

10. Summary of the thesis results:

Farmers' knowledge about antibiotics is limited; research shows that 82% of people are unaware of the antibiotics currently banned from use. People also misunderstand the effects of antibiotics in treatment. Antibiotics are used uncontrollably in disease prevention and treatment. In prevention, antibiotics are often mixed into feed periodically. In treatment, antibiotics are often injected at doses 0.5-2 times, or even 3 times, higher than the manufacturer's recommended dose. The overuse of antibiotics in livestock farming leads to increased production costs and antibiotic resistance in animals and humans when consuming food with high levels of antibiotic residue.

Factors influencing antibiotic use in pig farming include: farmer experience, local veterinary service system, veterinary drug/feed stores, market prices, the role of the farming community, and media. Of these, farmer experience, the quality of veterinary services, and advice from veterinary drug stores are the most influential factors in antibiotic use decisions. The degree of influence varies depending on the scale of the farm.

Examining antibiotic use practices based on the rational farmer theory (Emanuel Popkin) and the emotional farmer theory (James Scott) reveals that pig farmers exhibit both rational and emotional elements in their pig farming production and antibiotic use.

11. Practical applications: This research contributes to identifying factors influencing antibiotic use in livestock farming. The findings in this thesis provide a basis for proposing appropriate and meaningful solutions to reduce livestock farming costs, promote sustainable agricultural development, and improve human health.

INFORMATION OF MASTER THESIS

1. Full name: Mac Thi Cong Ly 2. Sex: Female

3. Date of birth: November 29, 1993 4. Place of birth: Hai Phong city

5. Admission decision number: 1756/QD-XHNV Dated: 28^thJune 2018

6. Changes in academic process: 28^thJune 28, 2020^thDecember 2020

7. Official thesis title: The Situation and Factors Influencing Antimicrobial Use in Pig Farming in Bac Ninh Province: An Anthropological Research

8. Major: Anthropology 9. Code: 8310302.01

10. Supervisors: Tran Minh Hang, PhD, Institute of Anthropology - Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences

11. Summary of the findings of the thesis:

Farmers' knowledge about antibiotics is limited, the research results show that 82% of people do not know antibiotics that are currently. People are still confused about the effect of antimicrobials. Antimicrobials are used uncontrollably in disease prevention and treatment. In disease prevention, antimicrobials are often mixed occasionally in food. In treatment, antibiotics are usually injected with a dose increase of 0.5-2 times, even 3 times, compared to the manufacturer's recommendations. The overuse of antimicrobials in animal husbandry leads to costly production and antimicrobials resistance in livestock and human beings when they use food with high antimicrobial residues.

Factors antimicrobial use in pig farming include farmers' experiences, local veterinary service systems, veterinary drug/feed stores, market prices, gender role in animal husbandry and communication. In particular, farmers' experiences, quality of veterinary services, and consultation of veterinary drug stores are key factors that influence the decision-making to use antimicrobials. Depending on the scale of animal husbandry, these factors will affect to different degrees.

Considering the practice of using antimicrobials on the rational farmer theory of Emanuel Popkin and the moral farmer theory of James Scott shows that the farmers fully carry both rational and moral factors in the pig farming and in the use of antimicrobials.

12. Practical applicability, if any: The study contributes to identify factors affecting the use of antibiotics in livestock. The findings in the thesis serve as the basis for appropriate and meaningful solutions in saving livestock costs, the development of sustainable agriculture and human health improve.