TTLV: Lexical and syntactic ambiguity in Chinese diplomatic texts (compared with Vietnamese)

1. Student's full name: Duong Lo Dao

2. Gender: Female

3. Date of birth: April 5, 1993

4. Place of birth: Yunnan, China

5. Decision No. 3739/QD-XHNV dated November 9, 2016, of the Rector of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, recognizing the student.

6. Changes in the training process: none

7. Thesis title: Lexical and syntactic ambiguity in Chinese diplomatic texts (compared with Vietnamese)

8. Major: Linguistics Code: 60220240

9. Scientific supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pham Van Tinh - Vietnam Institute of Lexicography and Encyclopedia

10. Summary of the thesis results:

Even when faced with disagreements and conflicts, diplomats maintain a moderate level of tact to avoid sharp rhetorical clashes, which could further worsen relations between the two sides. The use of ambiguous language has become a mutually agreed-upon practice in the international diplomatic community, leaving room for ambiguous vocabulary with characteristics such as the following:

Firstly, one should choose vocabulary with abstract meanings to create ambiguous expression. Secondly, one should often choose vocabulary with extended scope, broadening the range of meaning. Thirdly, one should carefully select objective and neutral vocabulary to weaken the directional nature of the expression.

The common way to overcome ambiguous vocabulary is through partial translation, which is only used when the speaker uses only one word or a few groups of words, or only affects a part of the speech. In such cases, partial translation can be slightly modified to accurately convey the intended meaning.

The ambiguity of a sentence is determined not only by the lexical ambiguities it contains, but also depends on the grammatical structure of the sentence and its pragmatic context. Chinese speakers often use ambiguous sentences in both word order and question-answer format, while Vietnamese speakers often use ambiguous sentences in both word order and answer format. The choice of ambiguity is closely related to the topic. Different topics lead speakers to adopt different responses to adhere to the principles of cooperation and politeness, in order to achieve smooth speech.

The most common way to overcome ambiguity in vocabulary is to translate the entire message, focusing only on the overall structure and organization of the information, the stylistic nuances of the target language, and the speaker's intended meaning, rather than simply considering the translation of individual words.

11. Practical applications: The research findings of this thesis can help people understand the problem-solving approaches of spokespersons and leaders of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, understand the interesting and flexible nature of ambiguous language in communication, and furthermore, enable diplomatic officials to use language with certain guiding meanings and promote greater communication and cooperation between China and Vietnam.

12. Future research directions: If time and resources permit, we will expand the scope and corpus of our research on lexical and syntactic ambiguity in Chinese diplomatic texts (compared with Vietnamese).

13. Published works related to the thesis: None

INFORMATION ON MASTER'S THESIS

1. Full name: YANG LU YAO

2. Sex: Female

3. Date of birth: April 5^th, 1993

4. Place of birth: Yun Nam China

5. Admission decision number: 3739/QD-XHNV Dated: November 9^th, 2016

6. Changes in academic process: No

7. Official thesis title: Phenomenon of vague vocabulary and ambiguity in Chinese diplomatic documents (compare with Vietnamese)

8. Major: Linguistics Code: 60220240

9. Academic supervisor: Associate Professor, PhD. Pham Van Tinh Vietnam Institute of Dictionary of Dictionary and Encyclopedia

10. Summary of the findings of the thesis:

Even in the face of conflict and conflict, diplomats still have a moderate euphemism to avoid fierce conflict, moreover, worsening the relationship between the two. The use of ambiguous language has become a mutual agreement habit in the international diplomatic community, which has left a place for vague vocabulary, the following characteristics:

First, first choose the vocabulary with abstract meaning to constitute vague expression. Secondly, often choose vocabulary with external extension, making the scope wider. Third, try to choose objective and neutral vocabulary to weaken the tendency of expression.

How to overcome ambiguous vocabulary is often the translation section, is that only when the attender only uses a word or group of words or only affects the part of the speech, can translation be used how to translate the edit part a little to express the exact meaning of the words.

The vague meaning of the sentence is not only determined by the ambiguities of the vocabulary it contains, but also depends on the grammatical structure of the sentence and the linguistic environment. Chinese attenders often use vague words of word order and questionable answers, but Vietnamese attenders often use vague order from answers. choosing vaguely has a big relationship with the topic. Different topics make speakers apply answers to follow collaborative principles and polite principles, to achieve smooth speaking behavior.

The way to overcome ambiguous vocabulary is often the whole translation, only in the translation process interested in the organizational structure of the overall information, translating the style of writing of the target language and its implications The speaker, not just considering translating individual words.

11. Practical applicability: The results of the thesis can make people understand the problem-solving ways of foreign ministry spokesmen and leaders, understand the interestingness and flexibility of fuzzy language in communication. Furthermore, for diplomats who use language, there is a certain sense of direction and motivations China and Vietnam the two countries to communicate and cooperate more.

12. Further research directions: If we have the time and the context, we will increase the scope and language of the study on the phenomenon of ambiguous vocabulary and syntactic ambiguity in Chinese diplomatic documents (compare with Vietnamese).

13. Thesis-related publications: No