TTLV: Tran - Ho Dynasty ceramics in the Tay Do citadel area

MASTER'S THESIS INFORMATION

1. Student's full name:Nguyen Duc Binh 

2. Gender: Male

3. Date of birth: February 1, 1985

4. Place of birth: Lien Mac Commune, Thanh Ha District, Hai Duong Province

5. Student recognition decision No. 1528/QD-XHNV-KH&SDH dated October 14, 2012 of the President of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi.

6. Changes in the training process:

7. Thesis topic name:Tran - Ho Dynasty ceramics in Tay Do citadel area

8. Major: Archaeology Code: 60.22.03.17

9. Scientific instructor:Dr. Tran Anh Dung, Institute of Archaeology

10. Summary of thesis results:

- Collection of research documents on the Tay Do area such as: Ancient history, geography, books, newspapers, legends, historical figures, magazines, theses, doctoral dissertations on relics, art, reform policies and architectural materials, estates - fiefdoms of the Tran - Ho dynasties... Especially the source of documents from excavations in this area. This is the main and basic source of documents for the author to carry out the thesis topic.

- Based on the collection, editing, and research of real material sources, the thesis has shown that Tran - Ho Dynasty glazed ceramics excavated in the Tay Do citadel area have the following characteristics:

+About the type: The total number of Tran - Ho dynasty glazed ceramics collected through excavations in the Tay Do area is 2,255 artifacts, of which 221 artifacts still have recognizable shapes, accounting for 10% of the total number of artifacts, with 9 types: bowls, plates, vases, lime pots, basins, cups, parallel sentences, jars and basins. Of which, bowls have 158 specimens, based on the shape and decorative patterns of the bowls, they are divided into 20 types (L1 - L20). Plates have 47 specimens, divided into 13 types (L1-L13). Vase has 1 specimen. Lime pots have 02 specimens. Basins have 1 specimen. Cups have 6 specimens, divided into 2 types. Parallel sentences have 1 specimen. Vases have 2 specimens. Basins have 3 specimens.

Careful classification and editing show that some ceramics were likely produced during the Ho Dynasty, such as: Type 8 bowls, Type 9 bowls, Type 16 bowls. Some other types, although still retaining the traditional shape from the Ly - Tran Dynasty, also have some differences.

In addition, there are 2,034 fragments, accounting for 90% of the total glazed ceramics excavated in the Tay Do area. The fragments include mouth fragments, body fragments, bottom fragments and lid fragments belonging to the following types of white glazed ceramics, jade glazed ceramics, brown glazed ceramics, two-tone glazed ceramics, green glazed ceramics, blue-painted white glazed ceramics, brown patterned ceramics and ceramic fragments with peeling glaze.

+About the yeast,There are white glaze, jade glaze, brown glaze, two-tone glaze, blue-painted white glaze, brown flower and green glaze, of which white glaze is the majority.

+About the pose,Most of the bowls of the Tran - Ho period in Tay Do were shaped from the idea of ​​a flower, especially the type of bowls with notched rims depicting flower petals. The plates only had one part with the same idea as the bowl shape, but the other part had a simpler shape. Notably, the type of high-legged plate also began to appear in this period. The shaping technique was still traditionally hand-stroked.

+ About decorative patterns, cThe main decorative motifs are still lotus and chrysanthemum. However, the number of ceramics decorated with chrysanthemum and combined with other motifs is larger. The ceramics here are not only decorated on the outside and inside but also combine both the inside and outside.

+ About non-stick enamel technologyincluding techniques: single firing, using ceramic spacers, carving... Of which, the technique of using ceramic spacers still accounts for a high proportion.

11. Practical application:

12. Further research directions:

13. Published works related to the thesis:

- Tran Anh Dung, Ha Manh Thang, Phan Binh Nguyen, Nguyen Duc Binh, Do Quang Trong, Truong Hoai Nam: Third excavation of the Nam Giao Altar relic (Thanh Hoa), 2008.NPHMVKCH 2009, pp.360-362.

- Nguyen Duc Binh and the excavation team: Collection of glazed ceramics at Linh Xung pagoda site (Thanh Hoa).NPHMVKCH 2010, pp.448-449.

- Nguyen Duc Binh and Excavation Team: Types of artifacts at the construction site of Van Cao - West Lake intersection (Hanoi).NPHMVKCH in 2010,pp.452-454.

- Tong Trung Tin (cb), Ngo Hoai Chung, Do Quang Trong, Le Thi Lien, Tran Anh Dung, Nguyen Xuan Toan, Truong Hoai Nam, Nguyen Duc Binh, Mai Thuy Linh,Thanh Hoa Citadel of the Ho Dynasty,Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi, 2011.

- Tong Trung Tin, Ha Van Can, Bui Vinh, Nguyen Duc Binh, Nguyen Dang Cuong, Mai Thuy Linh, Nguyen Huu Thiet, Nguyen Van Manh, Do Duc Tue, Nguyen Cao Cuong, Dang Thi Hoa, Khieu Thi Trang, Nguyen Doan Van: Excavation results at Van Cao - Hoang Hoa Tham site (Ba Dinh - Hanoi),NPHMVKCH 2012,pp.259 – 261.

- Tong Trung Tin, Tran Anh Dung, Do Quang Trong, Ha Manh Thang, Truong Huu Nghia, Nguyen Duc Binh, Nguyen Huu Tam, Truong Hoai Nam (2012), Nam Giao Altar (Ho Dynasty Citadel): Perception in 2012, Archaeology (No. 2), pp.50-62.

- Nguyen Duc Binh: Tran Dynasty glazed ceramics in the Nam Giao altar area, Thanh Hoa (Vinh Thanh commune, Vinh Loc district, Thanh Hoa province),NPHMVKCH 2013,pp. 463 – 364.

INFORMATION ON MASTER'S THESIS

1. Full name: Nguyen Duc Binh 2. Sex: Male

3. Date of birth: February 1, 1985 4. Place of birth: Lien Mac commune, Thanh Ha district, Hai Duong province.

5. Admission decision number: 1528/QD-XHNV-KH&SĐH. Dated October 14, 2012,by the Rector of University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi National University.

6. Changes in academic process:

7. Official thesis title: Ceramics of Tran - Ho Dynasties in Tay Do Citadel

8. Major: Archeology Code: 60.22.03.17

9. Supervisors: Dr. Tran Anh Dung, Institute of Archeology

10. Summary of the findings of the thesis:

- Gathering the research documents on Tay Do area such as: ancient history, monography, books, newspapers, legends on historic characters, journals, Master's theses, Doctoral theses, arts, reform policies and architectural materials, Tran-Ho-dynasty estates and feuds and so on, particularly the records recovered from excavations in this area. These are the main and fundamental sources of documents on which the author does the thesis subject.

- On the basis of gathering, classifying and studying the real records, the thesis has pointed out the characteristics of the Tran - Ho glazed ceramics excavated in Tay Do citadel as follows:

+Typologically:A total number of Tran - Ho glazed ceramics recovered from excavations in Tay Do citadel is 2255, 221 of which are still identifiable in terms of their forms, accounting for 10% of total artefacts, with 9 types: bowl, plates, jar, lime-pot, basin, cup, pot, vase and container. Of which, there are 158 bowls divided into 20 types (L1-L20) given their forms and decorative motifs. There are 47 plates grouped into 13 types (L1-L13). There are only one pot, two lime-pots, one basin. There are six cups sorted into 2 types. There are one vase, two pots and three containers.

The thorough classification shows a possibility that some ceramics have been produced in Ho period of time such as bowl types 8, 9 and 16. Although some other types are shown to maintain the traditional Ly - Tran forms, there are some different points.

Apart from that, there are 2034 sherds, accounting for 90% of total glazes excavated in the Tay Do area. They include rim, body, base and cover pertaining to white, celadon, brown glazes, two-colour, green, blue and white, brown ones and those with come-off glaze.

+Regarding the glaze line, there are the white, celadon, brown, two-color, blue and white, brown and green, of which the white are predominant.

+Regarding the shaping,most of Tran - Ho bowls found in Tay Do have been shaped based on a flower thought, of which especially include the bowl type with notched rims showing petals. There are some plates sharing the same thought as bowl shaping, but the rest is created simpler. Most noticeably, the high-foot plates also come into existence at this period of time. The shaping technology is still following the manual-making tradition.

+ Regarding the decorative motif,the primary decorative motifs are still lotus and daisy. However, ceramics decorated with daisy combined with other motifs are of more quantity. The decoration is not only applied on the outer face, but also both inner and outer ones.

+ Regarding the anti-stick glaze technique:including such techniques as single-item fire, using the earthenware spacer and unglazed ring (circular trace where glaze removed) Of which, the earthenware spacer are more frequently employed.

11. Practical applicability, if any

12. Further research directions, if any

13. Thesis-related publications:

- Tran Anh Dung, Ha Manh Thang, Phan Binh Nguyen, Nguyen Duc Binh, Do Quang Trong, Truong Hoai Nam: Third excavation at Dan Nam Giao site (Thanh Hoa) in 2008.New Archaeological Discoveries in 2009, p.360-362.

- Nguyen Duc Binh and excavation team: A collection of glazed ceramics at Linh Chung pagoda site.New Archaeological Discoveries in 2010, p.448-449.

- Nguyen Duc Binh and excavation team: The artefact types at construction site of Van Cao - West Lake crossroad (Hanoi).New Archaeological Discoveries in 2010, p.452-454.

- Tong Trung Tin (cb), Ngo Hoai Chung, Do Quang Trong, Le Thi Lien, Tran Anh Dung, Nguyen Xuan Toan, Truong Hoai Nam, Nguyen Duc Binh, Mai Thuy Linh:The Ho Citadel in Thanh Hoa.Publication House of Social Sciences, Hanoi, 2011.

- Tong Trung Tin, Ha Van Can, Bui Vinh, Nguyen Duc Binh, Nguyen Dang Cuong, Mai Thuy Linh, Nguyen Huu Thiet, Nguyen Van Manh, Do Duc Tue, Nguyen Cao Cuong, Dang Thi Hoa, Khieu Thi Trang, Nguyen Doan Van: Excavation results from Van Cao - Hoang Hoa Tham site (Ba Dinh - Hanoi).New Archaeological Discoveries in 2012, p.259 – 261.

- Tong Trung Tin, Tran Anh Dung, Do Quang Trong, Ha Manh Thang, Truong Huu Nghia, Nguyen Duc Binh, Nguyen Huu Tam, Truong Hoai Nam (2012): The sacrifice site of Nam Giao (The Ho Citadel): Perception in 2012,Archaeology (No.2), p.50-62.

- Nguyen Duc Binh: The glazed ceramics of Tran dynasty in Dan Nam Giao site (Vinh Thanh commune, Vinh Loc district, Thanh Hoa province),New Archaeological Discoveries in 2013, p.463 – 364.