TTLV: Negative sentences in Chinese compared with Vietnamese

INFORMATION ABOUT THE MASTER'S THESIS

1. Student's full name:Li Bao Mei(Ly Bao My)

2. Gender: Female

3. Date of birth: March 4, 1988

4. Place of birth: China

5. Decision on student admission No. 30/QD-XHNV-SDH dated January 8, 2013, by the Rector of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi.

6. Changes in the training process: None

7. Thesis title:Covering sentencepredeterminedtiunmarketableHan Chinese in the eventopposite tospendunmarketableu with tiunmarketableVietnamese

8. Major: Linguistics Code: 60 22 02 40

9. Scientific supervisor:Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pham Hung VietVietnam Institute of Lexicography and Encyclopedia

10. Summary of the thesis results:

Through a study of negative sentences and negative structures in the literary works of four contemporary Chinese and Vietnamese writers—Lu Xun, Zhu Ziqing, Nam Cao, and Anh Duc—we have arrived at the following conclusions:

A. Negation is one of the important logical categories in linguistics. Most authors believe that negation is a method of refuting or denying the non-existence of qualities, possessions, states, etc., of people or things.

B. In this thesis, we present and analyze the views of Chinese and Vietnamese researchers on negative sentences in Chinese and Vietnamese, focusing on the structural characteristics of negative sentences, types of negation, methods of expressing negation, main negative words, etc.

C. Through the survey, it can be seen that in both Chinese and Vietnamese, the negative word usually marks the negative sentence. (1) In terms of basic characteristics, the negative sentence in Chinese has similarities with the negative sentence in Vietnamese; (2) The difference in the way negative sentences are classified between Chinese and Vietnamese: the negative sentence in Chinese is classified according to semantics - pragmatics, while the negative sentence in Vietnamese is classified according to grammar - logic.

D. This thesis primarily analyzes and compares the most typical negative words in Chinese with those in Vietnamese. In Chinese, the three typical negative words are “不”, “没”, and “别”. Meanwhile, Vietnamese uses the negative words “không” and “chẳng/chả” to indicate negative structures.

E. To facilitate the research process, we divided the corresponding negative words in the two languages ​​into groups for comparison. For example, the group "不" (not), the group "没" (no/not at all), and the special negative group "别" (don't). Among these, the contrasting group "别" (don't) clearly carries a cautionary meaning. Although Chinese classifies "别" as a typical negative word, the corresponding word "don't" is not frequently mentioned in Vietnamese. Therefore, we only conducted a preliminary comparison of the negative structures of these two words.

11. Practical applications:

One of the most important and practical aspects of this thesis is that it can facilitate the understanding of the presentation and usage of negative sentences in both languages ​​for Chinese learners of Vietnamese and Vietnamese learners of Chinese, thereby avoiding errors in usage.

12. Future research directions: (if any)

- Expand the scope of the thesis, for example:

"The Chinese expression for refusal has a connection to the Vietnamese language."

"The counter-argument in Chinese has a connection to the Vietnamese language";

"Forms of expressing negation in Chinese or Vietnamese"

- Comparative researches such as :

"The negative word 不 in comparison with Vietnamese";

"The negative word 没 in comparison with Vietnamese";

"The negative word 别 in comparison with Vietnamese"

"Compare other negative words in Chinese with those in Vietnamese"

13.The following published works are relevant to the thesis:

INFORMATION ON MASTER'S THESIS

1. Full name: Li Bao Mei (LY BAO MY) 2. Sex: Female

3. Date of birth: March 4, 1988 4. Place of birth: China

5. Admission decision number 30/QD-XHNV-SDH, dated January 8^th2013.

6. Changes in academic process: None

7. Official thesis title: Negative sentences in Chinese in comparison with Vietnamese's

8. Major: Linguistics 9. Code: 60 22 02 40

10. Supervisor(s):Assoc. Prof. Dr. PHAM HUNG VIET – Institute of Lexicography and Encyclopaedia

11. Summary of the findings of the thesis:

Through studying and investigating the negative sentences in literary works of 04 writers of China and Vietnam. They are Lo Tan, Chu Tu Thanh of China and Nam Cao, Anh Duc of Vietnam. We come to the following conclusions:

A. Negation is one of the most important categories in linguistics. Most of linguists claim that negation is a rejecting methods, make negation to non-exists of properties or qualities of people or things.

B. In this thesis, we in turn present and analyze opinions of negative sentences in Chinese and Vietnamese of Chinese as well as Vietnamese researchers on particular negative structures, methods, negative typology and key negative words.

C. Through studying, it is clearly seen that both Chinese and Vietnamese have negative works marking negative sentences: (1) basically, Chinese negative sentences have things in common with Vietnamese's. (2) The differences in classification between Chinese and Vietnamese are: Chinese negation is divided into semantic negation and pragmatic negation while Vietnamese negation is classified into grammatical negation and logical negation.

D. The thesis mainly focuses on contrast and comparison of the most typical negative words in Chinese in comparison with Vietnamese. The three most typical negative works in Chinese are “不”, “没”, “别” while they are ““no” and “no/cha” in Vietnamese.

E. To facilitate the studying process, we classify the relevant negative word groups between two languages, particularly the negative word group of “不-no”, group “没-no/cha” and group “别-don’t”. In there, the group “别-don” specifies the advising meaning. While “别” is a typical negative words in Chinese, the relevant negative words “don't” is not in Vietnamese.

12. Practical applicability, if any:

The most practical and important application of the thesis is to facilitate for Chinese to study Vietnamese as well as Vietnamese to study Chinese and be more understanding about methods and usages of negative sentences in both Chinese and Vietnamese.

13. Further research directions, if any: Our research can be implemented in many further directions:

Further research objectives such as:

- Refusal sentence in Chinese in comparison with Vietnamese.

- Forms of expressing negative meanings in Chinese or Vietnamese.

Comparative researches such as:

- Negative word 不 in comparison with Vietnamese”;

- Negative word 没 in comparison with Vietnamese”.

- Negative word 别 in comparison with Vietnamese”.

14. Thesis-related publications:(List them in chronological order)

Reasons for naming children's nicknames in Hanoi

The meaning of children's nicknames in Hanoi